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Bio Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life

Total questions: 77

Worksheet time: 2hrs 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do no quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason behind this phenomenon? 

a)

Water is an acid

b)

Water has a high heat capacity

c)

Water is a universal solvent

d)

Water acts as a base

2.

Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

a)

Water expands as it freezes

b)

Water is an excellent solvent

c)

Water exhibits cohesive behavior

d)

Water is able to moderate temperature

3.

A water strider can skate along the top of a pond because:

a)

Low surface tension of water

b)

Hydrogen bonds result in water cohesion (surface tension)

c)

Covalent bonds result in water cohesion

d)

Water striders have adapted to take advantage of water cohesion

4.

Water is often called the “universal solvent” because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a universal solvent?

a)

Purity

b)

Polarity and cohesion

c)

High heat capacity

d)

Expansion upon freezing

5.

Substance in a solution that dissolves the other substance and is present in the greater amount:

a)

Solute

b)

Acid

c)

Solution

d)

Solvent

6.

The ability of water molecules to stick together is called:

a)

Adhesion

b)

Cohesion

c)

Transpiration

d)

Solvency

7.

Water is polar because:

a)

The molecule has two poles, at which it is colder than the other regions of the molecule.

b)

The water molecule is neutral

c)

The unequal sharing of electrons gives the water molecule a slight negative charge near its oxygen atom and a slight positive charge near its hydrogen atoms. 

d)

The unequal sharing of electrons gives the water molecule a slight negative charge near its hydrogen atoms and a slight positive charge near its oxygen atom.

8.

The bonds within a water molecule are:

a)

Polar covalent

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Ionic

d)

Non-polar covalent

9.

Which of the following is a function of a carbohydrate?

a)

Provides long term energy to body

b)

Supports the body in building structures necessary for survival

c)

Provides short term energy to the body

d)

Gives the body instructions for how to build our body's structures

10.

A scientist is analyzing different biomolecule structures. They notice an influx of Phosphorus. Which biomolecule are they looking at?

a)

Lipids

b)

Protein

c)

Carbohydrate

d)

Nucleic Acid

11.

Some proteins catalyze biochemical reactions. If a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst from being produced, which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell?

a)

The cell would find a different type of protein to catalyze the reaction.

b)

The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not at all.

c)

The reaction the protein catalyzes would only occur in some places in the cell.

d)

The reverse reaction of the one the protein catalyzes would begin to proceed.

12.

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?

a)

It becomes inactive

b)

It begins to replicate

c)

Its shape changes to engulf large proteins

d)

Its activity increases to ingest more proteins

13.
Where is the proton located?
a)
In the very dense nucleus
b)
Floating around in the negative electron cloud
c)
the loose nucleus
d)
the positive electron cloud
14.

A neutron has what charge?

a)

Positive

b)

Negative

c)

It has no charge (it is neutral)

15.

An electron has what charge?

a)

Positive

b)

Negative

c)

It has no charge (it is neutral)

16.

Which Subatomic Particles Are Found in the Nucleus?

a)

Protons & Electrons

b)

Electrons & Neutrons

c)

Protons & Neutrons

d)

Protons Only

e)

Neutrons Only

17.

Elements with different number of neutrons are called

a)

Isotopes

b)

Ions

c)

Neutrotopes

d)

Neurons

18.

What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

a)

covalent bond

b)

ionic bond

c)

metallic bond

d)

transfer bond

19.
What is it called when atoms share one pair of electrons?
a)
A double bond
b)
A triple bond
c)
A quadruple bond
d)
A single bond
20.
What is it called when atoms share two pairs of electrons?
a)
A double bond
b)
A single bond
c)
A triple bond
d)
A quadruple bond
21.

In ionic bonding, valence electrons are _______.

a)

shared

b)

transferred

c)

destroyed

22.
Attractions between the negative Oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive Hydrogen atom of another water molecule are called
a)
Covalent bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Hydrogen bonds
23.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to dissolve in water?
a)
nonpolar fats and oils
b)
polar sugar molecules
c)
salt made of a positive sodium ion and a negative chloride ion
d)
all of the substances will dissolve easily in water
24.
 Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?
a)
The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
b)
The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet
c)
The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface
d)
The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next
25.
Which statement explains why water molecules stick together?
a)
both sides are negative
b)
one side has a positive charge and the other side has a negative charge
c)
one side has a negative charge adn the other side has a neutral charge
d)
both sides are positive
26.
When a molecule has an opposite electrical charge on each end, it is known as what?
a)
cohesion
b)
polar molecule
c)
hydrogen bond
d)
solution
27.
Which of the following binds to the active site of an enzyme? 
a)
substrate
b)
product
c)
codon
28.

Which letter represents the partially negative atom?

a)

B

b)

A

29.
In the picture, which represents a fatty acid?
a)
F
b)
G
c)
H
d)
J
30.
Which of these statements describes how monomers combine and create macromolecules?
a)
Amino acids combine to make proteins.
b)
Glucose molecules combine to make nucleic acids.
c)
Nucleic acids combine to make starch.
d)
Proteins combine to make glucose.
31.
Identify the biomolecule
a)
Lipid
b)
Protein
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Nucleic Acid
32.

What is this enzymes optimal temperature?

a)

10*C

b)

40*C

c)

50*C

d)

70*C

33.

Which pair of answers correctly matches the monomer and the polymer?

a)

Glucose- Protein

b)

Amino Acid- Nucleic Acid

c)

Nucleotide - Nucleic Acid

d)

Fatty Acid- DNA

34.

What is the function of carbohydrates?

a)

provides quick energy

b)

stores energy

c)

helps with growth and repair of tissues

d)

stores genetic information

35.

What is the function of nucleic acid?

a)

provides quick energy

b)

stores energy

c)

helps with growth and repair of tissues

d)

stores genetic information

36.
Proteins are made of monomers called ___________
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Glycerol and fatty acids
37.
DNA and RNA are examples of 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
38.
Nucleotides are monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
39.
Monosaccharides are monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
40.
Waxes, oils and fats are examples of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
41.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
a)
store genetic information
b)
store energy (long-term)
c)
store energy (short-term)
d)
build skin, hair, nails, muscles
42.
Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
43.
All polymers are made up of...
a)
monosaccharides
b)
monomers
c)
proteins
d)
None of these
44.

The most important element that is the backbone of all biological molecules

a)
carbon
b)
nitrogen
c)
phosphorus
d)
sulfur
45.
Building blocks of the body, hair , muscles etc.
a)
protein
b)
nucleic acid
c)
lipids
d)
carbohydrates
46.
Enzymes are..
a)
nucleic acids 
b)
carbohydrates 
c)
lipids 
d)
proteins 
47.
Glycerol and fatty acids are the monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
48.
This is one job proteins do NOT have in the body
a)
insulation
b)
structure for tissues and organs
c)
speed up chemical reactions
d)
transport things through cell membrane
49.

What would be the best thing to eat if you were going to run a race in an hour

a)

a steak

b)

grilled chicken

c)

a salad with olive oil dressing

d)

pasta

50.
Carbohydrates are made of... 
a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
51.
Lipids are made of... 
a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
52.
Proteins are made of... 
a)
C H O
b)
C H O N
c)
C H O N P
d)
C H O N S
53.

Starch is...

a)

a protein

b)

a lipid

c)

a carbohydrate

54.
This molecule is a ____.
a)
adenosine triphosphate
b)
polysaccharide
c)

lipid

d)
nitrogen base
55.
This molecule is a ____.
a)

protein

b)
polysaccharide
c)

lipid

d)

nucleotide

56.
What type of fatty acid is shown here?  Note that the (b) is just another way of showing the same thing as (a)
a)
saturated
b)
unsaturated
57.
The molecule show is a ______ and is the building block of _____.
a)
monosaccharide, carbohydrate
b)
fatty acid, lipid
c)
nucleotide, nucleic acids
d)
amino acid, protein
58.
What type of carbohydrate is shown?
a)
monosaccharide
b)
disaccharide
c)
polysaccharide
59.
What is the purpose  of an enzyme?
a)
give permission for the reaction
b)
raise activation energy
c)
speed up reactions
d)
control how many reactions occur
60.
Enzymes are capable of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction within a living cell.  Enzymes accomplish this through which of the following means?
a)
reducing the number of products   
b)
reducing the activation energy
c)
increasing the temperature of the cell
d)
increasing the concentration of reactants 
61.
Each enzyme only has 1 substrate that will fit its active site.  What is this called?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
62.
What 3 letters do enzymes typically end in?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
63.
After the enzyme and substrate bind together and perform the reaction, what does the substrate become?
a)
a substrate
b)
an enzyme
c)
a product
d)
an active site
64.
In the diagram, what is letter A? 
a)
product
b)
substrate
c)
enzyme-substrate complex
d)
active site
65.
Letter D...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
66.
Letter B...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
67.

In a chemical reaction, ________ are the substances that are made after the reaction occurs.

a)

Products

b)

Molecules

c)

Reactants

d)

Substances

68.
In a chemical reaction, bonds are broken and new bonds are formed that create new substances. The bonds that are broken are called what?
a)
Reactants
b)
Products
c)
Atoms
d)
Catalysts
69.
Enzymes provide a site where reactants called substrates can be brought together in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The site is called the
a)
enzyme substrate complex.
b)
reaction site.
c)
active site.
d)
lock and key.
70.
Chemical reactions always involve
a)
the breaking of bonds in reactants.
b)
the formation of new bonds in products.
c)
the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of new bonds in products.
d)
enzymes. 
71.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
72.

How does an enzymes shape relate to its function?

a)

the shape of the enzyme has no relation to its function

b)

the enzyme is shaped specially for certain substrates to perform a specific reaction

c)

the enzyme shape acts as a receptor to certain products

d)

the enzyme shape can fit into specific substrates to cease a reaction

73.

Changes in pH and temperature can ___________________ an enzyme which causes it to lose its shape and affects its function.

a)

puncture

b)

denature

c)

double

d)

delete

74.

A student is observing the flow of water inside the xylem of a plant stem. The water molecules stick to each other and form a continuous column, and they are also attracted to the walls of the xylem tubes.

Which properties of water are primarily responsible for the continuous, upward movement of water in the plant's xylem?

a)

High Heat Capacity and Universal Solvent

b)

High Surface Tension and Low Density of Ice

c)

Cohesion and Adhesion

d)

Universal Solvent

75.

Which statement best explains how the the heat capacity of water benefits aquatic organisms in a lake during the transition from summer to winter?

a)

It allows the water to dissolve more oxygen and nutrients for the organisms.

b)

It promotes the formation of a surface layer of ice which allows light penetration for photosynthesis.

c)

It ensures that water at the bottom of the lake is less dense than the surface water, preventing it from freezing.

d)

It minimizes extreme temperature fluctuations, maintaining a relatively stable environment for the organisms.

76.

In an ecosystem, the fact that ice is less dense than liquid water is crucial for the survival of aquatic life in temperate and arctic climates.

If ice were denser than liquid water, which biological consequence would most likely occur?

a)

The process of transpiration in plants would be inhibited.

b)

Lakes and ponds would freeze solid from the bottom up, killing most organisms.

c)

The ocean's temperature would fluctuate much more dramatically.

d)

Water would no longer function as an effective solvent for biological molecules.

77.

A scientist analyzes an unknown biological substance and determines it is composed of amino acid monomers joined by peptide bonds. Based on this chemical structure, the substance is classified as which type of macromolecule?

a)

Nucleic Acid

b)

Protein

c)

Carbohydrate

d)

Nucleic Acid

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