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Worksheetssports inj
Total questions: 68
Worksheet time: 58mins
name the structure outlined in blue
navicular
calcaneus
cuboid
talus
which ligament is outlined in blue?
(a)
the fibularis/peroneus muscles are synergists to the medial ankle ligaments
true
false
select the correct labels for the medial ankle ligaments
A) TN
B) ATT
C) TC
D) PTT
A) ATF
B) TN
C) TC
D) PTF
A) ATT
B) TN
C) TC
D) PTT
tib post and tib ant are synergists for
medial ankle ligaments
lateral ankle ligaments
tib post = medial
tib ant = lateral
tib ant = medial
tib post = lateral
place the stages of healing in the correct order:
1. inflammation
2. remodelling
3. proliferative
1. inflammation
2. swelling
3. remodelling
1. inflammation
2. proliferative
3. remodelling
1. inflammation
2. proliferative
3. growth
what does the acronym SHARP stand for?
(a)
how long does acute inflammation last?
(a)
heat & redness are due to:
vasodilation
the injury is close to the surface
injured structure had lots of blood supply
lack of stability within a joint
chemicals released in inflammatory stage trigger ______ and make them more sensitive, which starts the pain process
nociceptors
histamine
edema
nerve endings
what is the difference b/w swelling and inflammation
select the correct answer describing swelling
edema is a collection of blood that escaped from vessels
hemarthrosis is fluid leaking from vessels to tissues
joint effusion involves the synovial membrane secreting excessive synovial fluid
hematoma is bleeding into a joint cavity
macrophages use _____ to clean up debris in the ____ stage
(a)
how does the proliferative stage present clinically?
redness and heat should be gone
swelling, pain, altered function, brusing may still be present
can feel like you are healed but underlying tissue is still weak
swelling is improving
how does the inflammation stage present clinically?
swelling and pain
acute hyperalgesia (non-injured areas around target spot are tender)
altered motor patterns and spasms
bruising, heat, redness
what is the timeline of the remodelling stage?
starts 3 weeks post inj and can last 2 years
starts 3 days post inj and can last 2 years
starts 72 hours post inj and can last 3 weeks
starts 3 weeks post inj and can last 3 years
what is the correct order of the injury assessment funnel?
(a)
symptoms are objective and signs are subjective
true
false
usually passive movements are more painful b/c the tester will bring the patient into full range
true
false
what questions should you ask yourself when performing ROM tests?
which of the following is FALSE regarding the resistance/strength test grading system?
1: flicker of a contraction but no movement at the joint
0: zero contraction, might suggest a neurological injury
2: joint can move but can't overcome gravity
3: can overcome gravity and added force
MTSS is
chronic
acute
what are the muscles that could pull on the periosteum and contribute to MTSS
FDL
tib ant
tib post
soleus
periosteum wraps around the ____
deep crural fascia wraps around ____
tibia, fibula
tibia & fibula, muscles
tibia, muscular compartment of leg
muscular compartment of leg, tibia & fibula
what are the 2 hypotheses for the cause of MTSS
periosteal traction & cortical bone strain
periosteal traction & bone stress injury
cortical bone strain & wolff's law
periosteum & deep crural fascia
describe wolff's law
cortical bone strain occurs because:
when people run, their tibia bends
the bone is adapting to different loads
neighbouring muscles are injured
the periosteum is irritated
why aren't ankle ROMs reliable for a bone test/MTSS?
you need a high level ECC contraction
the ankle doesn't relate to MTSS
ankle ROMS don't show injured structures
what are the mechanisms of CECS?
when we exercise, we get increased blood flow to active muscles & they get bigger
the CT that wraps around the muscle group can't expand
pressure inside the compartment rises
increase in pressure compromises nerve & vessel function
symptoms of CECS:
pins & needles in the foot
cold feet, pressure in the calf
symptoms resolve very quickly
heavy swelling, bruising, and redness
factors associated with CECS:
weak hip AB
greater rearfoot inversion
larger hip ER
large supination
which of the following correctly describes the degree of sprains (ankle):
1st degree: still walking, function is still there
3rd degree: not as painful, can still walk
3rd degree: large lack of function, dramatic swelling, crutches
1st degree: not functional, need crutches
an ankle x-ray is required if:
bony tenderness along post edge of fibula or tip of lateral mall
bony tenderness along base of 5th metatarsal
bony tenderness along post edge of tibia or tip of medial mall
bony tenderness at the navicular
its better to test ROM during inflammation stage
true
false
which values are correct standard ankle ROM values?
dorsiflexion 30 deg
inversion 50 deg
eversion 10 deg
plantar 50 deg
which of the following are correct knee ROM standard values?
flexion 140 deg
extension 15 deg
med rotation 15 deg
lat rotation 40 deg
in an ATF sprain, which is most likely to NOT be painful?
active inversion
passive inversion
active & passive plantar flexion
passive eversion
why are active & passive PF painful for a tib ant strain?
an injured structure is being pulled apart
the joint surface is being compressed
an injured muscle is contracting
in DF, the talus rolls (a) into the mortise and pushes the tib & fib apart
how does a syndesmosis sprain occur?
(a)
special tests for ankles include:
inversion stress test
eversion stress test
lachman's
mcmurray's
special tests for high ankle sprain:
EV stress test in dorsiflexion
jump and land
inversion stress test
plantar flexion
what is the structure that retains the patella in the femoral groove
(a)
which of the following is FALSE?
ACL limits anterior translation of tibia
extension pulls ACL apart
PCL limits posterior translation of fibula
flexion pulls PCL apart
deep fibres of LCL integrate with outer layers of meniscus
true
false
hyperflexion can damage: ___, _______
hyperextension can damage: ___, ___, ___
(a)
if the injured structure looks fine the first day but is swollen the next day, this suggests:
(a)
if the swelling (knee) happens within an hour, it indicates you might have damaged a _____ ______
(a)
why are females at a higher risk for ACL injury?
females have a more natural valgus
females tend to be more quad dominant
females have less hamstring activation
females have a more natural hyperextension
why are MCL & LCL less likely to show swelling
b/c they are inside the knee
b/c they are outside the joint capsule
b/c they are stronger than ACL & PCL
b/c they are weaker than ACL & PCL
why are MCL & LCL more likely to show bruising?
they will cause bleeding outside the joint capsule
ACL & PCL don't have blood supply
MCL & LCL have higher vascular supply
they will cause bleeding inside the joint capsule
extra fluid in the knee triggers a reflex that inhibits the ____ and turns up the ____
(a)
which structures are pulled apart in extension and lateral rotation?
ACL
PCL
MCL
LCL
medial meniscus is pulled apart by _____ _____
lateral meniscus is pulled apart by _____ ______
(a)
which tests are matched with their correct structures
Lachman's & PCL
McMurray's & meniscus
varus & LCL
posterior drawer & ACL
the primary anchor point of the patellar tendon is:
(a)
what is crepitus
grating sound in the knee
knee pain
patellar tendinosis
knee instability
possible explanations for PFS?
shear - patella slides up/down femur during ext/flex
malalignment - patella sits incorrectly in femoral groove
big shift in training that tissues can't adapt to
uneven pressure on a certain part of patella or femur
what happens when we go into deep valgus?
higher tendency for patellar tendon to pull patella laterally
pushing patella farther into medial condyle
increased pressure on the lateral side
lateral force vector becomes larger
deep knee flexion results in:
more compression of patella into femur
increases net force of patella ---> femur
malalignment
patella tracks laterlaly
tendons heal slow b/c they have a large blood supply
true
false
which of the following are true about reactive tendinopathy:
it is not a short-lived reaction
the tendon is stiffer b/c it is full of fluid
proteoglycans absorb fluid like a sponge
it is not an inflammation
what is false about tendinosis:
it is a progressive breakdown
get stuck in a cycle of repair phase with low quality tendon fibres
in the proliferative stage, we are laying down tissue that is strong and organized
there is enough time for full healing after fibres breakdown
which test will pull apart patellar tendon and compress the PF joint?
(a)
special tests for patellar conditions:
check mechanics during functional tasks (see if they have a tendency to valgus)
active and passive ROM
VISA-P
alfredson protocol
describe the 2 techniques for reducing pain in patellar tendon/PF joint
treatments to help patellar conditions?
strengthen hip AB and ER
landing mechanics
running
jumping
the Alfredson protocol states that
pain should improve as you do the exercise
it is just the right amount of stress on the tendon
we want to overload the injured tendon
if the pain gets worse, you are still in overload
