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WorksheetsLogic Exam #2 Fallacies
Total questions: 29
Worksheet time: 15mins
What is a fallacy?
A type of argument that may seem to be correct, but that proves, on examination, to contain a mistake in reasoning.
An argument that is correct, as a result of incorrect reasoning.
An argument that seems correct, but proves to be correct upon further investigation.
An argument that is false, as a result from bad reasoning
Where are some places that fallacies are used?
Politics
speeches
advertisements
What are the four types of fallacies?
Fallacies of importance
Fallacies of defective induction
Fallacies of ambiguity
fallacies of presumption
Fallacies of relevance
Fallacies of defective induction
Fallacies of ambiguity
fallacies of presumption
Fallacies of relevance
Fallacies of effective induction
Fallacies of ambiguity
fallacies of presumption
Fallacies of relevance
Fallacies of defective induction
Fallacies of vagueness
fallacies of presumption
In an A proposition which is distributed?
The subject
The predicate
None
Both
In an I proposition which is distributed?
The subject
The predicate
Both
Neither
In an E proposition which is distributed?
The subject
The predicate
Neither
Both
A fallacy of relevance is:
The appeal to emotion, appeal to populace, fallacy in which the support given for some conclusion is an appeal to popular belief.
Include arguments that rely on premises that are not relevant to its conclusion, and therefore cannot establish its truth.
Attention is deliberately deflected away from the issue under discussion. ( Originated because the smell was supposed to draw away attention )
A faulty argument in which the opponent's position is misrepresented often in a weak way. ( It is easy to “hack away” at a straw man, easy to knock down a weak position )
What is an appeal to emotion?
Appeal to force. “Arguing with the stick” The argument relies upon an open or veiled threat of force.
Win over sentiments to get to the conclusion which does not apply from the premises supported.
Appeal to populace, fallacy in which the support given for some conclusion is an appeal to popular belief. Argumentum ad populum ( argument to populus )
Fallacy in which a proposition is held to be true, because it has not been proven false. “Well unless you can prove otherwise”
What is an appeal to pity?
The fallacy in which the argument relies on generosity, altruism, or mercy, rather than reason.
Attention is deliberately deflected away from the issue under discussion.
Fallacy in which premises support a different conclusion than the one that is actually being proposed. It does not refute or support the stated issue.
Fallacy in which a proposition is held to be true, because it has not been proven false. “Well unless you can prove otherwise”
What is the red herring?
Attention is deliberately deflected away from the issue under discussion.
Fallacy in which a generalization is mistakenly applied to a particular case to which the generalization does not apply. Improper use of generalizations.
A fallacy in which two or more meanings of a word are used accidentally or deliberately, in different parts of the argument.
A fallacy in which the loose or awkward way in which it is set up can be interpreted in more than one way. Amphibolous statement contains imprecise syntax or grammar, which thus permits two or more interpretations, only one of which is correct.
What is a straw man?
A faulty argument in which the opponent's position is misrepresented often in a weak way.
Appeal to force. “Arguing with the stick” The argument relies upon an open or veiled threat of force.
Fallacy in which a conclusion is based on the judgment of a supposed authority who has no legitimate claim to expertise in the matter.
Fallacy in which one moves carelessly from a single case, or very few cases, to a large-scale generalization about all or most cases.
Argumentum ad hominem
Against the person themselves, rather than the argument
An attempt to divert attention away from the argument at hand
Fallacy in which premises support a different conclusion than the one that is actually being proposed. It does not refute or support the stated issue.
The premises are too weak or ineffective to warrant the conclusion.
Poisoning the well
Fallacy in which a proposition is held to be true, because it has not been proven false. “Well unless you can prove otherwise”
Primes people to be mistrustful. Ex; trump tweeting news outlets were corrupt before news broke of his administration being involved with Russia
Fallacy in which something that is not really the cause of something else is treated as a cause.
Fallacy in which a conclusion is stated or assumed within any of the premises.
The conclusion is within a premise. The conclusion is this therefore the conclusion. Begging for that which ought to be earned through argument. Theft over honest toil.
What is an appeal to force
A fallacy in which an argument erroneously assigns attributes to a part or a collection based on that fact that the whole or collection has those attributes.
Arguing with the stick, it relies upon a veiled threat of force
Fallacy in which premises support a different conclusion than the one that is actually being proposed. It does not refute or support the stated issue.
A fallacy in which an argument contains a premise that relies on one possible emphasis of certain words, but the conclusion relies on a different emphasis that gives those same words a different meaning.
Something that can be declarative or interrogative. “You have to be generous to give this much to someone you hardly know”
Missing the point
Fallacy in which a conclusion is stated or assumed within any of the premises.
The conclusion is within a premise. The conclusion is this therefore the conclusion. Begging for that which ought to be earned through argument. Theft over honest toil.
Fallacy in which premises support a different conclusion than the one that is actually being proposed. It does not refute or support the stated issue.
Fallacy in which a conclusion is based on the judgment of a supposed authority who has no legitimate claim to expertise in the matter.
A fallacy in which the loose or awkward way in which it is set up can be interpreted in more than one way. Amphibolous statement contains imprecise syntax or grammar, which thus permits two or more interpretations, only one of which is correct.
What is the argument of ignorance?
Fallacy in which a proposition is held to be true, because it has not been proven false. “Well unless you can prove otherwise”
Attention is deliberately deflected away from the issue under discussion.
Fallacy in which the opponent's position is depicted as extreme or unreasonable than is justified by what was actually asserted.
Fallacy in which a conclusion is based on the judgment of a supposed authority who has no legitimate claim to expertise in the matter.
What is an appeal to inappropriate authority
The appeal to emotion, appeal to populace, fallacy in which the support given for some conclusion is an appeal to popular belief.
Fallacy in which a conclusion is based on the judgment of a supposed authority who has no legitimate claim to expertise in the matter.
Fallacy in which the opponent's position is depicted as extreme or unreasonable than is justified by what was actually asserted.
include arguments that rely on premises that are not relevant to its conclusion, and therefore cannot establish its truth.
Fallacy of deductive induction
A fallacy in which two or more meanings of a word are used accidentally or deliberately, in different parts of the argument.
Fallacy in which something that is not really the cause of something else is treated as a cause.
Fallacy in which a conclusion is based on the judgment of a supposed authority who has no legitimate claim to expertise in the matter.
Fallacy in which a question is asked in such a way that it presupposes the truth of some conclusion buried in the question.
What is a false cause fallacy?
fallacy in which premises support a different conclusion than the one that is actually being proposed. It does not refute or support the stated issue.
fallacy in which something that is not really the cause of something else is treated as a cause.
( one thing is the cause of another because it preceded it )
a fallacy in which an argument erroneously assigns attributes to a part or a collection based on that fact that the whole or collection has those attributes.
a fallacy in which an argument contains a premise that relies on one possible emphasis of certain words, but the conclusion relies on a different emphasis that gives those same words a different meaning.
What does a slippery slope argument consist of?
speculations of the past
Assumptions of the future
Assumptions of the past
speculations of the future
What is the fallacy of hasty generalization?
fallacy in which one moves carelessly from a single case, or very few cases, to a large-scale generalization about all or most cases.
fallacy in which a generalization is mistakenly applied to a particular case to which the generalization does not apply. Improper use of generalizations.
a fallacy in which an argument contains a premise that relies on one possible emphasis of certain words, but the conclusion relies on a different emphasis that gives those same words a different meaning.
include arguments that rely on premises that are not relevant to its conclusion, and therefore cannot establish its truth.
What is a fallacy of Accident?
a fallacy in which two or more meanings of a word are used accidentally or deliberately, in different parts of the argument.
fallacy in which one moves carelessly from a single case, or very few cases, to a large-scale generalization about all or most cases.
fallacy in which a generalization is mistakenly applied to a particular case to which the generalization does not apply. Improper use of generalizations. Accidental reasoning to a conclusion.
include arguments that rely on premises that are not relevant to its conclusion, and therefore cannot establish its truth.
The complex question is:
fallacy in which a conclusion is stated or assumed within any of the premises.
The conclusion is within a premise. The conclusion is this therefore the conclusion. Begging for that which ought to be earned through argument. Theft over honest toil.
fallacy in which a question is asked in such a way that it presupposes the truth of some conclusion buried in the question. “Have you stopped beating your wife”
fallacy in which a generalization is mistakenly applied to a particular case to which the generalization does not apply. Improper use of generalizations. Accidental reasoning to a conclusion.
a fallacy in which two or more meanings of a word are used accidentally or deliberately, in different parts of the argument.
What is begging the question?
a fallacy in which an argument contains a premise that relies on one possible emphasis of certain words, but the conclusion relies on a different emphasis that gives those same words a different meaning.
a fallacy in which the loose or awkward way in which it is set up can be interpreted in more than one way. Amphibolous statement contains imprecise syntax or grammar, which thus permits two or more interpretations, only one of which is correct.
fallacy in which a conclusion is stated or assumed within any of the premises.
The conclusion is within a premise. The conclusion is this therefore the conclusion. Begging for that which ought to be earned through argument. Theft over honest toil.
fallacy in which a question is asked in such a way that it presupposes the truth of some conclusion buried in the question. “Have you stopped beating your wife”
What is equivocation?
fallacy in which a generalization is mistakenly applied to a particular case to which the generalization does not apply. Improper use of generalizations. Accidental reasoning to a conclusion.
fallacy in which a conclusion is stated or assumed within any of the premises.
The conclusion is within a premise. The conclusion is this therefore the conclusion. Begging for that which ought to be earned through argument. Theft over honest toil.
a fallacy in which two or more meanings of a word are used accidentally or deliberately, in different parts of the argument.
a fallacy in which the loose or awkward way in which it is set up can be interpreted in more than one way. Amphibolous statement contains imprecise syntax or grammar, which thus permits two or more interpretations, only one of which is correct.
What is an ambipholy?
fallacy in which a conclusion is stated or assumed within any of the premises.
The conclusion is within a premise. The conclusion is this therefore the conclusion. Begging for that which ought to be earned through argument. Theft over honest toil.
a fallacy in which an argument contains a premise that relies on one possible emphasis of certain words, but the conclusion relies on a different emphasis that gives those same words a different meaning.
a fallacy in which the loose or awkward way in which it is set up can be interpreted in more than one way. Amphibolous statement contains imprecise syntax or grammar, which thus permits two or more interpretations, only one of which is correct.
fallacy in which a question is asked in such a way that it presupposes the truth of some conclusion buried in the question. “Have you stopped beating your wife”
What is a fallacy of accent?
a fallacy in which an argument contains a premise that relies on one possible emphasis of certain words, but the conclusion relies on a different emphasis that gives those same words a different meaning.
Something that can be declarative or interrogative. “You have to be generous to give this much to someone you hardly know”
A faulty argument in which the opponent's position is misrepresented often in a weak way. ( It is easy to “hack away” at a straw man, easy to knock down a weak position )
primes people to be mistrustful. Ex; trump tweeting news outlets were corrupt before news broke of his administration being involved with Russia
fallacy in which premises support a different conclusion than the one that is actually being proposed. It does not refute or support the stated issue.
fallacy in which a proposition is held to be true, because it has not been proven false. “Well unless you can prove otherwise”
Fallacy of composition
a fallacy in which an argument erroneously assigns or attributes to a whole (or to a collection) based on that fact that parts of that whole (or collection) have that same attribute
To take the attributes of the individuals and apply them to the entire thing. “All parts of this machine are light therefore the machine is light.”
Attributes of the elements
primes people to be mistrustful. Ex; trump tweeting news outlets were corrupt before news broke of his administration being involved with Russia
fallacy in which premises support a different conclusion than the one that is actually being proposed. It does not refute or support the stated issue.
a fallacy in which an argument erroneously assigns attributes to a part or a collection based on that fact that the whole or collection has those attributes.
the propositions we will be concerned about when discussing classes concerns
What is a fallacy of division?
fallacy in which a conclusion is based on the judgment of a supposed authority who has no legitimate claim to expertise in the matter.
a fallacy in which an argument erroneously assigns or attributes to a whole (or to a collection) based on that fact that parts of that whole (or collection) have that same attribute
To take the attributes of the individuals and apply them to the entire thing. “All parts of this machine are light therefore the machine is light.”
a fallacy in which an argument erroneously assigns attributes to a part or a collection based on that fact that the whole or collection has those attributes.
fallacy in which a generalization is mistakenly applied to a particular case to which the generalization does not apply. Improper use of generalizations. Accidental reasoning to a conclusion.
