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Year 9 Science Genetics Revision

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which term describes the different forms of a gene

a)

Chromosome

b)

Allele

c)

DNA

d)

Punnett Squares

2.

Aa, DD, Bb, yy are all examples of _______

a)

genotypes

b)

phenotypes

3.

If something is heterozygous, it can also be termed _____

a)

purebred

b)

hybrid

c)

dominant

d)

recessive

4.

Which statement is true?

a)

Your DNA is identical to your siblings.

b)

Your DNA is identical to your father's.

c)

Your DNA is identical to your mother's.

d)

Your DNA is unique to you.

5.
the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.
a)
heredity
b)
trait
c)
gene
d)
allele
6.

Which of these are characteristics of inherited traits?

a)

being able to speak in front of a crowd

b)

having green eyes and brown hair

c)

mastering your multiplication facts

d)

becoming a teacher

7.

A person who breeds animals keeps careful records of the fur colour of parents and offspring from each generation.

What are the structures that carry the information for these traits called?

a)

organelles

b)

genes

c)

muscles

d)

cytoplasm

8.

What is the molecule called that is found inside the nucleus and determines inherited traits?

a)

DNA

b)

ribosome

c)

chromosome

d)

chloroplast

9.

The membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

DNA

d)

Mitochondria

10.

A molecule made up of smaller parts called amino acids; has functions that affect the organism’s traits

a)

Adanine

b)

Protein

c)

Cytosine

d)

Thymine

11.

An organism's observable characteristics

a)

Traits

b)

Genes

c)

phenotypes

d)

genotypes

12.

The backbone of DNA is made up of

a)

Deoxyribose Sugars and Phosphates

b)

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

c)

protein and sugar

d)

Gummy bears and Twizzlers

13.

The rungs of the DNA are composed of?

a)

Nitrogen bases or nucleotides

b)

phosphates

c)

sugar

d)

genes

14.

DNA is composed of nucleotides that pair together. Adenine always pairs with _________.

a)

Guanine

b)

Thymine

c)

Cytosine

d)

Adenine

15.

DNA is composed of nucleotides that pair together. Guanine always pairs with _________.

a)

Cytosine

b)

Guanine

c)

Thymine

d)

Adenine

16.

Structure found inside the nucleus that contains DNA. Each cell contains 23 pairs.

a)

Chromosomes

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

d)

Trait

17.

A type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring

a)

Asexual Reproduction

b)

Uniform Organism

c)

Diverse Organism

d)

Sexual Reproduction

18.

One organism produces offspring without fertilization

a)

Sexual Reproduction

b)

Asexual Reproduction

c)

Antifertilisation

d)

Asynchronisation

19.

One advantage to sexual reproduction includes

a)

Rapid reproduction

b)

Diverse offspring

c)

Uniform Offspring

d)

the ability to reproduce without a mate

20.

If a better-adapted organism survives to pass on traits to offspring, this is known as

a)

Evolution

b)

Extinction

c)

Natural Selection

d)

Artificial Selection

21.

Brown Hair, blue eyes, and free earlobes are all examples of

a)

Genotype

b)

Phenotype

c)

Neither

22.

Which set of alleles are considered heterozygous?

a)

HH

b)

Hh

c)

HR

d)

hh

23.

What is a phenotype?

a)

An observable characteristic

b)

The combination of alleles

c)

The sister chromatids

d)

The location of a gene on a chromosome

24.

What is this genotype considered?

(GG)

a)

Heterozygous

b)

Homozygous recessive

c)

Heterozygous Dominant

d)

Homozygous Dominant

25.

Which is the homozygous recessive genotype?

a)

QQ

b)

Ee

c)

bb

d)

Blonde Hair

26.

The tool geneticists use to predict genotypic and phenotypic outcomes is called a __________?

a)

Reginald Cube

b)

Genetic Cross

c)

Punnett Square

d)

Karyotype

27.

Genes that are located on the 23rd pair of chromosomes are considered to be...

a)

Sex-linked

b)

Codominant

c)

Polygenic

d)

Autosomal

28.

What do punnett squares predict?

a)

How many offspring two organisms will have

b)

Whether offspring will survive to maturity

c)

What individuals in each generation will be carriers of a disease

d)

The probability of offspring inheriting certain traits

29.

What will the genotype of all offspring be if a (QQ) parent is crossed with a (qq) parent?

a)

Qq

b)

qQ

c)

qq

d)

QQ

30.

If you crossed two heterozygous parents with one another (Qq). What are the chances of having an offspring that is homozygous recessive?

a)

50%

b)

100%

c)

25%

d)

75%

31.

What is an allele?

a)

An observable characteristic

b)

The phenotype of an organism

c)

A location on a genome

d)

A variation of a gene

32.

What is a phenotype?

a)

An observable characteristic

b)

The combination of alleles

c)

The sister chromatids

d)

The location of a gene on a chromosome

33.

As a human, how many pairs of chromosomes exist in each of your cells?

a)
10
b)
12
c)
23
d)
46
34.

The "father of genetics" was...

a)
Watson
b)
Crick
c)
Mendel
d)
Darwin
35.
Genotype refers to the ...
a)

combination of genes for a specific allele

b)

combination of alleles for a specific gene

c)

dominance of one gene over another gene

d)

the collection of genes within a chromosome

36.
An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
five
37.
An allele whose trait only shows up when no dominant allele is present.
a)
hidden allele
b)
dominant allele
c)
recessive allele
d)
present allele
38.

Show the cross for two heterozygous guinea pigs. Short hair is dominant.

a)

SS x SS

b)

ss x ss

c)

Ss x Ss

d)

Ss x ss

39.

If you cross two heterozygous guinea pigs and short hair is dominant, what percentage of the offspring will have long hair?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

40.

Two short haired guinea pigs are mated several times. Out of 100 offspring, 25 of them have long hair. What are the probable genotypes of the parents?

a)

SS x SS

b)

SS x ss

c)

SS x Ss

d)

Ss x Ss

41.

If two black mice are crossed and after 100 offspring there are 75 black and 25 white mice. What are the genotypes of the two parents? Black is the dominant color.

a)

BB x BB

b)

BB X Bb

c)

bb X bb

d)

Bb X Bb

42.

What is the term for the "blocks" that make up DNA?

a)

Base

b)

Ribose

c)

Gene

d)

Nucleotide

43.

The shape of DNA is known as a

a)

Double Helix

b)

Double Axel

c)

Double Arch

d)

Double Pyramid

e)

Double Hexagon

44.

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine are examples of

a)

Nitrogen Bases

b)

Phosphates

c)

Nucleotides

d)

Pentose Sugars

45.

Adenine will only bond with

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Cytosine

46.

Thymine will only bond with

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Cytosine

47.

Guanine will only bond with

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Cytosine

48.

Cytosine will only bond with

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Cytosine

49.

A mistake in DNA replication is known as a

a)

Mutation

b)

Free Nucleotide

c)

Chromatid

d)

Antiparallel DNA Strand

e)

Gene Revocation

50.

In a rare instance when a genetic mutation happens to be helpful to the organism, the new trait would be an example of a(n)

a)

Adaptation

b)

Modification

c)

Conversion

d)

Accommodation

51.

DNA stands for

a)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

b)

Denitrogenous Acid

c)

Deribonucleic Acid

d)

Duteriousnucleic Acid

e)

Dirigiblenucleic Acid

52.

Why is DNA important?

a)

It serves as the blueprint for the traits of all living things

b)

It is a major energy source in the human body

c)

It helps to dissolve complex materials in living things

d)

It can be extracted and used to increase oxygen levels

53.

Which two scientists are accredited with correctly deducing the double helix model of DNA?

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Wilkins & Crick

c)

Wilkins & Franklin

d)

Watson & Franklin

54.

What determines the code that a DNA molecule contains?

a)

The Shape of the Nitrogen Bases

b)

The Order of the Nitrogen Bases

c)

The Color of the Nitrogen Bases

d)

The Number of Nitrogen Bases

55.

Genetic variation occurs in what type of reproduction?

a)

Asexual

b)

sexual

c)

both

d)

none of these

56.

How many chromosomes do humans have?

a)

26

b)

23

c)

46

d)

52

57.

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. If the DNA sequence shown here goes through transcription and translation, how many amino acids will result from this sequence?

ACTAGTGAT

a)

5

b)

4

c)

2

d)

3

58.

Where does Translation take place?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Ribosome

d)

Cytoplasm

59.

A partial base sequence of a DNA molecule is shown below.

CAGCCATCA

What is the complementary base sequence of the DNA strand?

a)

GTCGCATCA

b)

GTCAACGGC

c)

GTCGGCAGC

d)

GTCGGTAGT

60.

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid

sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms.

Which organism is the LEAST related to the other three organisms?

a)

Organism 1

b)

Organism 2

c)

Organism 3

d)

Organism 4

61.

What are the gamete possibilities for a parent with the genotype  AA Bb? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY)

a)

AB

b)

Ab

c)

ab

d)

AA

62.

A heterozygous tall minion is crossed with a short minion.

What is the chance an offspring will be tall?

T=tall   t=short

a)

100%

b)

75%

c)

50%

d)

25%

63.

What trait is represented by a capitol letter and always shows up in an organism when the allele is present?

a)

probability          

b)

learned

c)

dominant

d)

recessive

64.

How many alleles does an offspring receive from each parent to determine a specific trait?

 

a)

one       

b)

two

c)

three

d)

four

65.

What model can be used to show traits and help determine genotypes of genetically related family members over several generations?

 

a)

Punnett square

b)

ratio

c)

phenotype

d)

pedigree

 

66.

What trait is represented by a lowercase letter and hidden whenever the dominant allele is present?

 

a)

dominant            

b)

recessive            

c)

heterozygous

d)

phenotype

67.

On a pedigree, what do circles represent?

 

a)

males

b)

females

c)

organism has the trait

d)

organism does not have the trait

68.

When Mendel crossed a true-breeding plant with purple flowers and true-breeding plant with white flowers, ALL offspring had purple flowers.  The best explanation for this data is that the white flowers are:

 

a)

dominant

b)

heterozygous

c)

 recessive

d)

neutral

69.

Using the Punnett Square, what is the probability that the offspring will have the dominant trait?

           

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

70.

           Using the Punnett Square, what belongs in the empty box?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

d)

aA

71.

Asexual reproduction involves only one parent. The offspring of this type of reproduction have —

a)

DNA identical to the DNA of the parent

b)

DNA that is different from the parent

c)

one-half of the DNA of the parent

d)

DNA that is incomplete

72.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
a)
amino acid
b)
fatty acid
c)
nucleotide
d)
lipid
73.

Proteins are made up of a combination of how many unique amino acids?

a)

10

b)

20

c)

25

74.

Proteins are composed of what smaller building blocks?

a)

Amino acids

b)

Monosaccharides

c)

Fatty acid

75.

This organelle that make PROTEINS for the cell is called a ________

a)

chloroplast

b)

ribosome

c)

lysosome

d)

cell wall

76.

RNA stands for

a)

Ribonucleic acid

b)

Rest n Africa

c)

Ribonucleic Nuclear

d)

Ribonucleic act

77.

RNA differs from DNA in that:

a)

it has a different kind of sugar

b)

it has uracil

c)

it is single stranded

d)

all of these

78.

The sugar in RNA is _____, the sugar in DNA is _______

a)

deoxyribose, ribose

b)

ribose, phosphate

c)

ribose, deoxyribose

d)

ribose, uracil

79.

During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases

a)

TCGAAC

b)

GATCCA

c)

AGCTTG

d)

GAUCCA

80.

How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?

a)

3

b)

6

c)

9

d)

12

81.

What happens during the process of translation?

a)

Messenger RNA is made from DNA.

b)

The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.

c)

Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.

d)

Copies of DNA molecules are made.

82.

Genes contain instructions for assembling

a)

purines.

b)

nucleosomes.

c)

proteins.

d)

pyrimidines.

83.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
84.

What is the process in which protein synthesis happens?

a)

DNA-->RNA--> Proteins

b)

DNA-->Proteins-->RNA

c)

Protein--->DNA--->RNA

d)

Protein Synthesis--> Transcription-->Translation

85.

Transcription take place in the

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosome

86.

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

87.

What determines the shape and function of a protein?

a)

The sequence of amino acids

b)

The type of ribosome that assembles the protein

c)

The cell that manufactures the protein

88.

How can a mutation in the DNA sequence result in NO change to the protein that is made?

a)

There are multiple codons that can code for the same amino acid and result in the same protein

b)

There is always a change in the protein when a mutation occurs

c)

Only the mRNA is used in protein synthesis so a mutation in the DNA would have no effect on the protein

89.

Which of the following is NOT a type of protein?

a)

structural

b)

functional

c)

enzyme

d)

ribonucleal

90.

The chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes in somatic cells

a)
autosome
b)
karyotype
c)
sex chromosome
d)

somatozome

91.
One of a pair of chromosomes that carry genes that determine sex and sex-linked traits. In humans, the 23rd pair of chromosomes.
a)
sex chromosome
b)
autosome
c)
pedigree
92.

fusion of egg and sperm cells

a)

fertilization

b)

meiosis

c)

autosome

d)

diploid

93.

What type of cells are these?

a)

somatic

b)

gamete

94.

matching chromosomes; one from mother, one from father

a)

homologous chromosome

b)

sex chromosome

c)

sexual reproduction

d)

haploid

95.

chromosome 23; XX or XY

a)

homologous chromosome

b)

sex chromosome

c)

sexual reproduction

d)

haploid

96.

A normal human skin cell would have ___ chromosomes.

a)

44

b)
22
c)

23

d)
46
97.

Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells are _____, with 23 chromosomes. A zygote is_____ with 46 chromosomes.

a)

diploid; diploid

b)

haploid; diploid

c)

haploid; haploid

d)

diploid; haploid

98.

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

a)
one haploid gamete
b)
three diploid gametes
c)
four diploid gametes
d)
four haploid gametes
99.
If a somatic cell in a butterfly contains 24 chromosomes, a butterfly egg would contain
a)
3
b)
6
c)
12
d)
24
100.
Which structure is labeled as C in the diagram?
a)
Centromere
b)
Chromosome
c)
Sister chromatids
101.

During mitosis, cells divide ______ and during meiosis cells divide _____.

a)

twice; once

b)

once; 4 times

c)

twice; 3 times

d)

once; twice

102.

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

a)

Two genetically identical cells.

b)

Four genetically different cells.

c)

Four genetically identical cells

d)

Two genetically different cells

103.

What are the "X" shaped objects in the drawing?

a)

PMATs

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Telophase

104.
Before cells can divide, what must be copied?
a)
mitochondria
b)
cytoplasm
c)
DNA
d)
Cell Wall
105.

Which of these are part of Mitosis?

a)

Metaphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

e)

Cytokines

106.

The following cell underwent mitosis, which of the following indicates the end product?

a)
b)
c)
d)
107.

The correct order of cell division in both mitosis and meiosis

a)

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

b)

Telophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Prophase, Interphase

c)

Interphase, Metaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Anaphase

d)

Prophase, Anaphase, Interphase, Metaphase, Telophase

108.

Zygote is the name given to the

a)

egg prior to its release from the ovary

b)

cluster of 16 cells the embryo develops from

c)

fertilised egg

d)

lining of the uterus

109.

Who is the daughter of individual I-1 and I-2?

a)

II-1

b)

II-7

c)

II-8

110.

How many males are in the second generation?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

5

d)

6

111.

How many generations are in this pedigree?

a)

15

b)

10

c)

9

d)

4

112.

How many children did individuals II-1 and II-2 have?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

5

d)

6

113.

This is a recessive disease pedigree. What is the genotype of the male in generation I?

a)

Rr

b)

RR

c)

R?

d)

rr

114.

This pedigree shows affected people with the recessive trait. What is the genotype of individual I-2?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

A?

d)

aa

115.

In this X-Linked Recessive Trait Pedigree, what is the genotype of individual #5?

a)

XHY

b)

XhY

c)

XhXh

d)

XHXh

116.

In this Pedigree that traces the inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait, what is the genotype of individual #4?

a)

Rr

b)

RR

c)

rr

d)

XRXR

117.

Is this Pedigree Autosomal Dominant or Autosomal Recessive?

a)

Autosomal Dominant

b)

Autosomal Recesive

118.

What is the genotype of individual #5?

a)

rr

b)

RR

c)

Rr

119.
Aa, DD, bB, yy are all examples of
a)
genotypes
b)
phenotypes
120.
Which gender can be carriers of colorblindness and not have it?
a)
Just males
b)
Just females
c)
Both genders
121.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
122.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
123.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
124.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
125.
What do helpful mutations do? 
a)
Increases chances of survival 
b)
Decreases changes of survival 
c)
Increases chances of developing cancer
d)
Decreases skills
126.

In this type of point mutation, one extra base pair is inserted into a sequence of DNA

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

translocation

127.

Inserting or deleting a base in a DNA sequence will always result in

a)

a frameshift

b)

no harmful changes

c)

a protein that cannot function

d)

the ribosome getting angry

128.

This type of mutation in DNA alters just one base in a DNA sequence

a)

point mutation

b)

translocation

c)

inversion

d)

trisomy

129.
mutations cause changes in traits because?
a)
mutations affect nucleosynthesis 
b)
Mutations affect gamete production 
c)
mutation affect meiosis
d)
mutations affect protein synthesis
130.

Why are males more likely to have sex-linked disorders?

a)

Males have one (1) Y chromosome

b)

Males have two (2) X chromosomes

c)

Males have dominant chromosomes

d)

Males only have one (1) X chromosome

131.

This is an example of which pattern of inheritance?

a)

Autosomal Dominant

b)

Autosomal Recessive

c)

Sex-Linked

d)

Autosomal Chromosomal

132.

Which statement about autosomal dominant disorders is FALSE?

a)

Disease will have many affected family members

b)

Disease will often skip a generation

c)

Males and Females are equally likely to inherit the disease

d)

A child cannot inherit the disease from two (2) healthy parents

133.
An inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing.
a)
variation
b)
adaptation
c)
vestigial structure
d)
mutation
134.
When an organism of a species has an adaptation, it will compete for resources better, survive longer and pass that adaptation on to it's offspring. This process is called
a)
evolution by natural selection
b)
artificial selection
c)
inbreeding
d)
outbreeding
135.

Mutations can be caused by environmental agents including

a)

UV rays from the sun

b)

byproducts of cellular metabolism

c)

free radicals

d)

all of the above

136.

What is a gene?

a)

A section of DNA with instructions for making a protein

b)

A section of DNA with instructions for making a carbohydrate

c)

One nucleic acid chain that codes for DNA

d)

One protein chain that codes for DNA

137.

Two identical chromatids are called...

a)

Daughter Chromatids

b)

Sister Chromatids

c)

Brother Chromatids

d)

Twin Chromatids

138.
Any substance that is known to cause cancer is called a
a)
carcinogen
b)
nicolyte
c)
pathogen
d)
retrovirus
139.

If a mutation affects the coding for a protein, this might affect the organism

a)

positively

b)

negatively

c)

not at all

d)

any of the answers

140.

If a substitution point mutation has no effect it is called a ________ mutation

a)

silent

b)

missense

c)

nonsense

d)

common sense

141.

If a substitution point mutation results in a different amino acid, it is called a ________ mutation

a)

silent

b)

missense

c)

nonsense

d)

sense

142.

If a mutation introduces a “stop” codon, this is termed a _______ mutation

a)

silent

b)

missense

c)

nonsense

d)

sense

143.

Sickle cell anaemia is caused by a mutation in the gene that makes

a)

haemoglobin

b)

glucose

c)

glucagon

d)

white blood cells

144.

If a genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in one gene, it is known as a

a)

monogenic disorder

b)

multifactorial inheritance disorder

c)

haploid disorder

d)

polygenic disorder

145.

If a genetic disorder is caused by mutations in multiple genes, it is known as a

a)

monogenic disorder

b)

multifactorial inheritance disorder

c)

dominant disorder

d)

autosomal recessive disorder

146.

If a chromosomal mutation results in 3 copies of a chromosome instead of two, it is termed a

a)

monosomy

b)

disomy

c)

trisomy

d)

missomy

147.

If a chromosomal mutation results in one copy of a chromosome (instead of a homologous pair) it is turned a...

a)

missomy

b)

monosomy

c)

nonsomy

d)

trisomy

148.

A germ-line mutation can result in _________ effect

a)

neutral

b)

detrimental

c)

beneficial

d)

all of the answers

149.

An example of genes which designate where the head goes and which regions of the body grow appendages are the _____ genes

a)

hox

b)

placement

c)

locator

d)

appendage

150.

Sickle cell anaemia is caused by a mutation in the gene that makes.....

a)

haemoglobin

b)

insulin

c)

glucagon

d)

serotonin

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