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Worksheets

AcDec Science Practice

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which device is an example of an early capacitor?

a)

the primary cell

b)

the barometric light

c)

the Van de Graff generator

d)

the Tesla Coil

e)

the Leyden Jar

2.

Which component reduces the voltage across power lines to be safe for use in homes?

a)

amplifier

b)

resistor

c)

capacitor

d)

transformer

e)

diode

3.

Which type of battery powers MOST portable electronic devices today?

a)

zinc-manganese dioxide

b)

lead-acid

c)

zinc-carbon

d)

nickel-cadmium

e)

lithium-ion

4.

Why does electricity describe the motion of electrons rather than that of protons?

a)

Electrons are fundamental particles rather than a combination of quarks.

b)

Protons exist in the crowded nucleus and are harder to move.

c)

Electrons are much less massive and easier to accelerate than protons.

d)

Electrons have negative charges.

e)

Protons are neutral while electrons are charged.

5.

Which current value is potentially fatal to humans?

a)

0.001 A

b)

0.015 A

c)

0.005 A

d)

0.028 A

e)

0.070 A

6.

How is the creation of a magnetic field different from the creation of an electric field?

a)

The charged particles involved in creating magnetic fields must be negative.

b)

Bosons rather than Fermions create magnetic fields.

c)

Magnetic fields originate from magnetic monopoles.

d)

Electrically charged particles must be moving to create a magnetic field.

e)

Magnetic fields always point radially away from their source.

7.

The colors of auroras depend PRIMARILY on the

a)

latitude

b)

time of the year

c)

velocity of the solar wind particles

d)

distance from the sun

e)

type of gases involved

8.

Who invented the wireless telegraph?

a)

Guglielmo Marconi

b)

George Westinghouse

c)

Wilhelm Röntgen

d)

Humphrey Davy

e)

Heinrich Hertz

9.

The change in kinetic energy of a particle moving through close lines of equipotential is given by

a)

ΔE=q ΔV\Delta E = q\,\Delta V

b)

ΔE=kqr2\Delta E = \dfrac{k q}{r^{2}}

c)

ΔE=h ν\Delta E = h\,\nu

d)

ΔE=W h\Delta E = W\,h

e)

ΔE=q×V\Delta E = q\times V

10.

Time dilation describes the

a)

interchangeability of mass and energy at relativistic speeds

b)

phenomenon in which objects appear shorter in length when they are in motion

c)

apparent slowing of time for an object in motion relative to an observer

d)

idea that the speed of light changes depending on the observer’s frame of reference

e)

increase in an object’s mass as it approaches the speed of light

11.

Who discovered that electric charge is conserved?

a)

Charles Coulomb

b)

Benjamin Franklin

c)

Isaac Newton

d)

James Joule

e)

William Gilbert

12.

Which of the following elements belongs to the FIRST group on the periodic table?

a)

Al

b)

Be

c)

Na

d)

P

e)

He

13.

Faraday’s law states that a(n)

a)

changing magnetic flux induces a voltage

b)

closed surface has a net zero magnetic flux

c)

oscillating electric field creates an electromagnetic wave

d)

changing electric field creates a magnetic field

e)

electric flux through an area is proportional to the electric charge

14.

Which metal is naturally ferromagnetic?

a)

zinc

b)

tungsten

c)

nickel

d)

aluminum

e)

copper

15.

In power lines, high voltage is favored over high current because of

a)

electrical overload

b)

waste heat

c)

signal interference

d)

easier transformation

e)

electrical surges

16.

In the wire’s frame of reference, why is a proton moving parallel to and below a current-carrying wire repelled?

a)

The only force in the frame of reference is the weak force.

b)

The proton’s high speed causes it to gain mass.

c)

The wire develops a temporary positive charge.

d)

The magnetic field induced by the current exerts a force on the proton.

e)

The protons in the wire become length contracted.

17.

When something is quantized, it is

a)

a directional quantity

b)

impossible to measure

c)

unobservable to the naked eye

d)

continuously variable

e)

in discrete amounts

18.

The total resistance for a series circuit is the

a)

product of all the individual resistance values

b)

sum of each individual resistance value

c)

highest individual resistance value

d)

average of each individual resistance value

e)

reciprocal of the sum of each individual resistance value

19.

Why is there no equivalent of Coulomb’s law for magnetic charges?

a)

The magnetic force only affects moving charges.

b)

Magnetic field lines cannot form closed loops.

c)

There are no single magnetic charges.

d)

The magnetic force is always perpendicular to the flow of charge.

e)

Magnetic fields do not depend on distance.

20.

Why are amplitude modulation and frequency modulation necessary?

a)

Sound waves require a medium to propagate, whereas radio waves can travel through a vacuum.

b)

Radio waves travel at the speed of light, while sound waves travel much slower.

c)

Only low frequency radiation can travel long distances.

d)

Radio wave frequencies are much greater than frequencies humans can hear.

e)

Sound waves are longitudinal, while radio waves are transverse.

21.

The speed of light is approximately

a)

9.0×10?9.0 \times 10^{?} m/s

b)

3.0×1083.0 \times 10^{8} m/s

c)

8.9×10?8.9 \times 10^{?} m/s

d)

1.7×10?1.7 \times 10^{?} m/s

e)

6.7×10?6.7 \times 10^{?} m/s

22.

Why does the magnetic force change the direction but not the speed of particles?

a)

The magnetic field is too weak.

b)

There are no magnetic monopoles.

c)

The force, velocity, and magnetic field are mutually perpendicular.

d)

The force is always parallel to the velocity of the particle.

e)

The magnetic force is a centrifugal force.

23.

Electromagnetic waves result from the oscillation of

a)

electric and magnetic fields

b)

oxygen and water vapor particles

c)

mass and energy

d)

sound and light waves

e)

gravitational and nuclear fields

24.

When can the symmetry of an object be used to simplify the calculation of combined electric fields from multiple particles?

a)

when the electric fields all point in the same direction

b)

when the net force on the particle is zero

c)

when the object has a simple geometric shape

d)

when a charge moves against electric field lines

e)

when working with an electric dipole

25.

For a sheet of charge, E is given by

a)

E=σ2ε0E = \dfrac{\sigma}{2\varepsilon_{0}}

b)

E=qε0E = \dfrac{q}{\varepsilon_{0}}

c)

E=q ε0E = q\,\varepsilon_{0}

d)

E=σAE = \sigma A

e)

E=kqr2E = \dfrac{k q}{r^{2}}

26.

Which equation represents Coulomb’s law?

a)

F=kq1q2r2F = k\dfrac{q_{1}q_{2}}{r^{2}}

b)

F=maF = m a

c)

F=12kx2F = \dfrac{1}{2}k x^{2}

d)

F=qVF = q V

e)

F=mgF = m g

27.

Light with a wavelength of about 400 to 450 nm is

a)

yellow

b)

red

c)

green

d)

blue

e)

orange

28.

Ohm’s law describes the relationship between

a)

current, charge, and resistance

b)

charge, current, and power

c)

voltage, resistance, and power

d)

current, voltage, and power

e)

current, voltage, and resistance

29.

Which pair INCORRECTLY matches a quantity to its units

a)

power | watts

b)

potential | volts

c)

charge | amperes

d)

resistance | ohms

e)

energy | joules

30.

MOST compasses use magnets made of

a)

copper

b)

cobalt

c)

iron

d)

neodymium

e)

nickel

31.

Which statement accurately describes electric field lines?

a)

They terminate on positive charges.

b)

They cross each other where the field is strongest.

c)

They form closed paths perpendicular to the flow of current.

d)

They point from the positive charge to the negative charge.

e)

They are parallel to the direction of motion for any charged particle.

32.

The FIRST electric light to have widespread use was the

a)

halogen light

b)

barometric light

c)

incandescent light

d)

three-phase lamp

e)

arc lamp

33.

Which effect creates the Earth’s magnetic field?

a)

the Rayleigh effect

b)

the Doppler effect

c)

the Stokes effect

d)

the coriolis effect

e)

the dynamo effect

34.

The equations that unified electricity and magnetism are known as

a)

Maxwell’s equations

b)

Schrödinger’s equations

c)

Einstein’s principles

d)

Kepler’s laws

e)

Newton’s laws

35.

Mass spectrometers are PRIMARILY used to

a)

observe the vibrational and energetic transitions of molecules

b)

determine the atomic composition of an unknown sample

c)

separate components of complex mixtures for individual analysis

d)

analyze a sample’s absorption of light in the visible light spectrum

e)

ascertain the structure of molecules based on their nuclear magnetic resonance

36.

The magnetic field strength of a solenoid increases with increasing

a)

resistance

b)

loops

c)

radius

d)

length

e)

temperature

37.

A dielectric is BEST described as a

a)

conductor that allows current to flow in a circuit without resistance

b)

device that stores electrical energy through chemical reactions

c)

material placed between the two conductors to increase capacitance

d)

material that greatly increases its resistance with temperature

e)

device that uses electromagnetic induction to alter a voltage

38.

Why does connecting resistors in parallel increase current?

a)

The current increases since it must follow a single path in parallel circuits.

b)

The total voltage of the circuit increases with each added parallel resistor.

c)

The resistance of the wire itself is lower in parallel circuits than series circuits.

d)

More current flows through the resistor with lower resistance in parallel circuits.

e)

Adding more resistors in parallel increases the overall resistance of the circuit.

39.

Which quantity is measured at two ends of a circuit?

a)

voltage

b)

resistance

c)

capacitance

d)

current

e)

power

40.

Why must static cling occur between two objects of different materials?

a)

Objects of the same material have no free electrons to transfer.

b)

Objects of the same material always remain electrically neutral.

c)

Objects of the same material do not exchange charges.

d)

Objects of the same material quickly dissipate any generated charge.

e)

Objects of the same material produce like charges that repel.

41.

Currently, superconductors are PRIMARILY used in high-current devices like

a)

supercomputers

b)

fission reactors

c)

MRI machines

d)

Van de Graff generators

e)

camera flashes

42.

Potential energy is energy that can become

a)

kinetic energy

b)

light energy

c)

heat energy

d)

elastic energy

e)

sound energy

43.

Which law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed?

a)

the First Law of Thermodynamics

b)

the Fourth Law of Thermodynamics

c)

the Second Law of Thermodynamics

d)

the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

e)

the Third Law of Thermodynamics

44.

Compasses were FIRST known to be used for navigational purposes in

a)

Persia

b)

India

c)

China

d)

England

e)

Greece

45.

Which three colors correspond to the three types of cones in human eyes?

a)

red, green, and blue

b)

cyan, yellow, and magenta

c)

red, yellow, and blue

d)

black, grey, and white

e)

purple, orange, and green

46.

As wavelength increases,

a)

frequency and energy increase

b)

frequency decreases and energy remains constant

c)

frequency increases and energy decreases

d)

frequency decreases and energy increases

e)

frequency and energy decrease

47.

“Galvanism” refers to the belief that

a)

metal generates electricity

b)

electricity explains the life force

c)

acid dissolves metals

d)

heat is a substance

e)

a magnetic fluid flows through all things

48.

For objects of negligible height compared to the Earth’s radius, g is

a)

1.7 N/kg1.7\ \text{N/kg}

b)

9.8 N/kg9.8\ \text{N/kg}

c)

3.0 N/kg3.0\ \text{N/kg}

d)

8.9 N/kg8.9\ \text{N/kg}

e)

6.7 N/kg6.7\ \text{N/kg}

49.

Why are magnetic fields relative?

a)

The direction of magnetic field lines depends on the magnet’s orientation.

b)

Objects can be temporarily magnetized.

c)

Magnetic field lines do not begin and end on a single point.

d)

Magnetism depends on movement and motion is relative.

e)

Magnetism has no single charges.

50.

Why do tungsten filament lights have glass bulbs?

a)

to protect users from touching the hot filament

b)

to excite the glass and generate additional light

c)

to create an inert environment

d)

to prevent the filament from oxidizing

e)

to make the light more diffuse

51.

Which equation gives the Lorentz factor?

a)

T = 2πn √(m/k)

b)

v = 1/√(ε0μ0)

c)

f = v/2L

d)

γ=11−(v2c2)\gamma = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\frac{v^2}{c^2}\right)}}

e)

q = gQ2/√r

52.

What does an EKG measure?

a)

the resistance of blood vessels

b)

the voltage changes from the heart's electrical signals

c)

the amount of oxygen in the blood

d)

the electrical activity of skeletal muscles

e)

the force of blood exerted on arterial walls

53.

One initial difficulty in inventing the lightbulb involved finding a

a)

way to convert AC power to DC power

b)

way to create wires thin enough

c)

way to protect users from burning themselves on the filament

d)

way to prevent waste heat

e)

material that could withstand high temperatures

54.

Which law does the equation φE = q/ε0 represent?

a)

Faraday's law

b)

Coulomb's law

c)

Gauss's law

d)

Ohm's law

e)

Ampere's law

55.

The dependence of the magnetic field on the observer may indicate that

a)

the speed of light is relative

b)

the magnetic force is not a fundamental force

c)

a singly charged magnetic particle exists

d)

all forces are relative to an observer's motion

e)

magnetic fields are quantized

56.

Which explanation BEST accounts for the surprising result of Luigi and Lucia Galvani's frog dissection?

a)

The frog's nervous system had residual energy.

b)

The frog's remaining life force was reignited.

c)

The magnetic field of the metals interacted with the frog's alkaline skin.

d)

The acids in the frog's skin dissolved the metals.

e)

The metals amplified the frog's natural electrical signals.

57.

Why are bones visible on X-rays?

a)

Rigid crystal lattices scatter X-rays.

b)

Denser tissue reflects X-rays.

c)

Calcium atoms are large enough to absorb X-rays.

d)

Structures with low water content refract X-rays.

e)

Porous surfaces reflect X-rays.

58.

The Michelson-Morley experiment aimed to prove that

a)

atoms contain a dense nucleus surrounded by electrons

b)

light behaves as particles and waves

c)

spin angular momentum is quantized

d)

the speed of light could change

e)

electrons exhibited wave-like properties

59.

Which phenomenon is an example of dielectric breakdown?

a)

rainbows

b)

sun spots

c)

auroras

d)

coronal mass ejections

e)

lightning

60.

Which statement BEST describes the directionality of a magnetic field generated by a moving charge?

a)

The magnetic field points in the same direction as the charge's movement.

b)

The magnetic field points in the opposite direction of the charge's velocity.

c)

The magnetic field forms closed loops that are parallel to the charge's movement.

d)

The magnetic field points radially away from the charge.

e)

The magnetic field is always perpendicular to the velocity of the charge.

61.

In the conversion of AC power to DC power, capacitors

a)

increase the frequency of the current

b)

resist changes in the current

c)

smooth out bumps in the current

d)

reverse the direction of the current

e)

oppose the flow of the current

62.

What MAIN advantage did a compass have over celestial navigation?

a)

Compasses require less prior knowledge.

b)

Compasses are accurate regardless of the weather.

c)

Compasses are immune to geomagnetic storms.

d)

Compasses are unaffected by the Earth's rotation.

e)

Compasses point to the true north geographic pole.

63.

Which statement describes Newton's third law?

a)

Every action has an equivalent reaction.

b)

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.

c)

An object feeling a force will accelerate in the direction of that force.

d)

As a substance's temperature approaches zero, its entropy approaches zero.

e)

An object's inertia will allow it to keep going as long as there are no forces to stop it.

64.

How are nonmagnetic materials atomically different from magnetic ones?

a)

Nonmagnetic materials have weak atomic poles.

b)

Nonmagnetic materials have randomly aligned atomic poles.

c)

Nonmagnetic materials have atomic poles too distant to interact.

d)

Nonmagnetic materials have atomic poles that repel each other.

e)

Nonmagnetic materials don't have directional atomic poles.

65.

The threshold for dielectric breakdown in air is about

a)

1.5 MV

b)

3 MV

c)

1/2 MV

d)

25 MV

e)

12 MV

66.

How does a fuse box prevent electrical fires?

a)

It stores excess charge in a capacitor.

b)

It expands and opens the electrical connection when overheated.

c)

It redirects excess current to the ground.

d)

It melts and breaks the circuit if current is too high.

e)

It cools down the wires when they get too hot.

67.

Which equation gives the magnetic field strength of an Amperian loop?

a)

B = μ0 I (N/L)

b)

B = μ0 I / 2π r

c)

B = σ / ε0

d)

B = 1/√(1−μ0/ε0)

e)

B = 1/(2π√(LC))

68.

Which of Benjamin Franklin's attributes was MOST crucial in securing foreign aid for the American Revolution?

a)

He helped draft the Declaration of Independence.

b)

He was an accomplished inventor.

c)

He made important scientific discoveries.

d)

He was a delegate in the Continental Congress.

e)

He was popular in France.

69.

Heat was once considered to be its own substance known as

a)

ether

b)

miasma

c)

phlogiston

d)

vis viva

e)

effluvium

70.

Which aurora color corresponds to hydrogen gas?

a)

red

b)

pink

c)

yellow

d)

green

e)

purple

71.

The volume of a sound wave is proportional to its

a)

amplitude

b)

period

c)

wave speed

d)

frequency

e)

wavelength

72.

Which sequence lists the types of electromagnetic radiation by DECREASING frequency?

a)

radio waves, microwaves, visible light, X-rays

b)

ultraviolet radiation, gamma rays, microwaves, radio waves

c)

microwaves, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, gamma rays

d)

radio waves, X-rays, visible light, gamma rays

e)

gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, microwaves

73.

Which force can ONLY slow things down?

a)

tension

b)

friction

c)

magnetism

d)

gravity

e)

buoyancy

74.

Why is a direct lightning strike usually fatal?

a)

The lightning bolt is hotter than the Sun's surface.

b)

The electrical discharge magnetizes iron in the blood.

c)

The change in pressure collapses internal organs.

d)

The sudden energy influx polarizes nerve cells.

e)

The massive current stops the heart.

75.

Which phenomenon provides evidence that the Earth's magnetic field reverses polarity?

a)

sea floor spreading

b)

the Coriolis effect

c)

solar flares

d)

glacial retreat

e)

solar auroras

76.

Which technology did early televisions use to produce images?

a)

liquid crystal displays

b)

photomultiplier tubes

c)

plasma display panels

d)

cathode ray tubes

e)

light emitting diodes

77.

The MAIN difference between primary and secondary cells is that secondary cells

a)

use a dry electrolyte

b)

require an additional external power source

c)

produce lower voltages

d)

generate electricity via mechanical processes

e)

are rechargeable

78.

Which of the following pairs CORRECTLY matches the Maxwell equation to its meaning?

a)

∮ B · da = 0 | a charge produces an electric field

b)

∮ E · da = (2/ε0) | a changing electric field creates a magnetic field

c)

∮ E · dl = dΦB/dt | a changing magnetic field creates an electric field

d)

∮ B · dl = μ0 I + ε0 μ0 dΦE/dt | there are no individual magnetic charges

e)

∮ I · dl × B = F | magnetic force does mechanical work on a charge

79.

Paramagnetic materials are BEST described as materials that

a)

only become magnetized if exposed to both a strong electric current and a magnet

b)

can become temporarily magnetized in the presence of an external magnetic field

c)

create an induced magnetic field opposing an applied external magnetic field

d)

are naturally magnetic without exposure to external magnetic fields

e)

remain magnetized even after the external magnetic field is removed

80.

Why are wires often wrapped in insulating material?

a)

to reduce the wire's resistance

b)

to decrease the induced magnetic field

c)

to protect users from the charge

d)

to enhance the flow of current

e)

to prevent the generation waste heat

81.

Which statement about polarization is FALSE?

a)

Two polaroid filters overlapped at right angles to each other block almost all light.

b)

The wave polarization is synonymous with the magnetic field component of the wave.

c)

Most sources of light produce unpolarized light.

d)

Polaroid filters block light because the energy of the wave is transferred to electrons within the slits.

e)

When unpolarized light is reflected off a surface, it is polarized in the direction of that surface.

82.

The SI unit for the electronic quantity represented by the letter I is named after

a)

James Joule

b)

André-Marie Ampère

c)

James Watt

d)

Georg Ohm

e)

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

83.

Which statement BEST describes Lenz's Law?

a)

The total electric flux through a surface is proportional to its enclosed charge.

b)

The magnetic field of a solenoid changes to oppose external changes.

c)

The magnetic field circulating a closed loop is proportional to the electric current.

d)

A changing electric field induces a magnetic field.

e)

A changing magnetic field induces an electric field.

84.

Which celestial body is LEAST likely to experience transient luminous events?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Mercury

c)

Venus

d)

Titan

e)

Earth

85.

The mass of a proton is about

a)

8.9 × 10^−12 kg

b)

1.7 × 10−2710^{-27} kg

c)

1.6×10−19kg1.6 \times 10^{-19} kg

d)

6.7×10−24kg6.7 \times 10^{-24} kg

e)

9.1 × 10^−31 kg

86.

A centripetal force is a force that

a)

causes an object to accelerate linearly

b)

is always directed away from the center of motion

c)

changes an object's direction but not its speed

d)

occurs only at relativistic speeds

e)

involves both an electric and a magnetic field

87.

The radiation leftover from the birth of the universe glows in the

a)

microwave range

b)

extremely low frequency range

c)

radio range

d)

X-ray range

e)

infrared range

88.

Who discovered the electron?

a)

Linus Pauling

b)

Erwin Schrödinger

c)

J. J. Thomson

d)

Niels Bohr

e)

Ernest Rutherford

89.

Michael Faraday worked for

a)

André-Marie Ampère

b)

J. J. Thomson

c)

Alessandro Volta

d)

Humphrey Davy

e)

Ernest Rutherford

90.

Which force keeps protons inside the nucleus?

a)

the electric force

b)

the weak nuclear force

c)

the gravitational force

d)

the strong nuclear force

e)

the magnetic force

91.

Earth's magnetic field is about 25 to 65

a)

mT

b)

MT

c)

nT

d)

mT

e)

μT

92.

Which of the following statements about electrical potential and voltage is TRUE?

a)

A proton moves from low to high potential in response to an electric force.

b)

The distance between equipotential lines indicates the strength of the magnetic field.

c)

The terms "electric potential" and "voltage" are used interchangeably.

d)

A voltmeter directly measures the strength of an electric field.

e)

Electric potential can be measured at a specific single point in a circuit.

93.

How did James Clerk Maxwell realize that light is an electromagnetic wave?

a)

He observed light refracting differently in electric versus magnetic fields.

b)

Mathematical manipulation of his equations produced the wave equation and the speed of light.

c)

Experiments intending to discover changes in the speed of light throughout the year due to ether were unsuccessful.

d)

He found that oscillating electric and magnetic charges could produce light.

e)

His thought experiment showed that the speed of light must be constant.

94.

Which equation gives the electric force?

a)

F = Wh

b)

F = mg

c)

F = qvB

d)

F = qE

e)

F = qV

95.

Why is the gravitational force dominant at large scales?

a)

There are no magnetic monopoles.

b)

There is no negative mass.

c)

The gravitational force has a larger range.

d)

The gravitational force is the strongest fundamental force.

e)

The speed of light is constant.

96.

Which device is MOST often used to shield its contents from electromagnetic radiation?

a)

the Leyden jar

b)

the lightning rod

c)

the Van de Graaff generator

d)

the Faraday cage

e)

the Tesla coil

97.

Why do neutron stars have extremely strong magnetic fields?

a)

They rotate very quickly.

b)

They are uncharged.

c)

They are incredibly dense.

d)

They experience frequent coronal mass ejections.

e)

Their magnetic poles often switch.

98.

Why does current raise temperature?

a)

It increases the motion of subatomic particles.

b)

It decreases the capacitance.

c)

It generates an opposing magnetic field.

d)

It causes the wire to expand.

e)

It reduces the resistance of the wire.

99.

Who named the "electric force"?

a)

William Gilbert

b)

Charles Coulomb

c)

Benjamin Franklin

d)

William Thomson

e)

James Joule

100.

Keyboards rely on the effects of changing a capacitor's

a)

resonant frequency

b)

capacitance

c)

dielectric material

d)

distance

e)

electromotive force

101.

The scientist who started the Christmas lecture tradition at the Royal Institution of England also discovered that

a)

a current can generate a magnetic field

b)

the magnetic field around a closed loop is related to its current

c)

electric charge must be conserved

d)

the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to its charge

e)

a magnetic field must be changing to produce a current

102.

The word “magnet” originates from a region in

a)

China

b)

Persia

c)

Greece

d)

India

e)

Egypt

103.

Why is the length contraction of a proton moving through a wire significant?

a)

The proton is traveling at relativistic speed, so it experiences large length contraction.

b)

The electric force from length contraction outweighs the much weaker magnetic force.

c)

The electric force is so powerful that even minuscule length contraction can create a significant force.

d)

The proton’s length contraction outweighs the time dilation because a proton is on the quantum scale.

e)

The mass of the proton increases due to length contraction, thereby also increasing its electric force.

104.

A diode is a device that

a)

allows current to flow through it in only one direction

b)

increases capacitance of a capacitor when placed between its plates

c)

stores electrical energy in an electric field between two conductive plates

d)

changes alternating current voltage levels between circuits

e)

converts the energy from the current into other forms of energy

105.

The current flowing through a 60‑watt lightbulb connected to a 120 V outlet is

a)

0.8 A

b)

3.6 A

c)

2.0 A

d)

0.5 A

e)

0.4 A

106.

Which two phenomena did Albert Einstein propose to be a result of relativity?

a)

time dilation and length contraction

b)

universal ether and dark energy

c)

the uncertainty principle and gravitational lensing

d)

quantum tunneling and wave‑particle duality

e)

black holes and cosmic background radiation

107.

Arecibo Observatory sent a message about humanity to the star cluster

a)

Pleiades

b)

Omega Centauri

c)

47 Tucanae

d)

Messier 13

e)

NGC 3293

108.

Forces are measured in

a)

Watts

b)

Joules

c)

Volts

d)

Teslas

e)

Newtons

109.

The magnetic poles do NOT align with the rotation poles because

a)

the Earth’s rotational axis changes over time

b)

the gravitational field interacts with the magnetic field

c)

the particles in solar wind distort the magnetic field

d)

the dynamo effect is a chaotic process

e)

the Earth’s core is not perfectly spherical

110.

Which of the following statements about solenoids is FALSE?

a)

The magnetic field of a solenoid is calculated using the equation .

b)

The magnetic field of a solenoid looks like the magnetic field of a bar magnet.

c)

A solenoid has a magnetic field strength that is dependent on position in all locations.

d)

The voltage induced by moving a magnet near a solenoid is given by the equation .

e)

Whether the magnetic field of a solenoid is the same polarity as the magnet depends on the magnet’s direction of motion relative to the coil.

111.

One volt is equal to one

a)

Joule/Second

b)

Joule/Coulomb

c)

Ampere*second

d)

Coulomb/second

e)

Ohm*Coulomb

112.

Which statement about parallel and series circuits is FALSE?

a)

The total resistance for a series circuit is given by .

b)

A series circuit has higher current than a parallel circuit containing the same resistors.

c)

Adding an additional resistor to a parallel circuit increases the current.

d)

In a series circuit, the current has one path, whereas in a parallel circuit, the current has multiple paths.

e)

A parallel circuit has lower resistance than a series circuit containing the same resistors.

113.

Materials made of nickel exhibit

a)

antiferromagnetism

b)

ferromagnetism

c)

diamagnetism

d)

ferrimagnetism

e)

paramagnetism

114.

Ohm’s law is represented by the equation

a)

V1=V2N1N2V_1=\dfrac{V_2N_1}{N_2}

b)

I=VRI=\dfrac{V}{R}

c)

P=IVP=IV

d)

C=QVC=\dfrac{Q}{V}

e)

v=λfv=\lambda f

115.

Who was the FIRST person to observe that a wire with a current through it creates a magnetic field?

a)

Humphrey Davy

b)

Michael Faraday

c)

Hans Christian Oersted

d)

André‑Marie Ampère

e)

Carl Friedrich Gauss

116.

Which of the following types of radiation is ionizing?

a)

microwaves

b)

radio waves

c)

visible light

d)

infrared light

e)

X‑rays

117.

The electron was discovered in

a)

1859

b)

1905

c)

1913

d)

1926

e)

1897

118.

The strength of a proton’s electric field is

a)

kqr2k\dfrac{q}{r^2}

b)

kq1q2r2k\dfrac{q_1q_2}{r^2}

c)

μ0I2πr\dfrac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}

d)

σ2ε0\dfrac{\sigma}{2\varepsilon_0}

e)

μ0(I2πr)\mu_0\left(\dfrac{I}{2\pi r}\right)

119.

The speed of Earth relative to the sun is about

a)

1,000 mph

b)

100,000 mph

c)

800,000 mph

d)

70,000 mph

e)

300,000 mph

120.

How does the electric field strength for a sheet of charge differ from that of a point charge?

a)

for a sheet charge, E is directly proportional to the square root of distance

b)

for a sheet charge, E is directly proportional to distance

c)

for a sheet charge, E is independent of distance

d)

for a sheet charge, E is inversely proportional to distance

e)

for a sheet charge, E is inversely proportional to distance squared

121.

Maxwell’s displacement current refers to the

a)

impact of moving a magnet relative to a solenoid

b)

changing electric field between the plates of a discharging capacitor

c)

degree to which relativity effects a magnetic field

d)

creation of a magnetic field resulting from a current

e)

nonexistence of magnetic monopoles

122.

How do the batteries that power MOST portable electronic batteries work?

a)

Sulfuric acid dissolves a zinc rod, causing a negative charge on the zinc and a positive charge on a carbon rod.

b)

In an alkaline electrolyte, nickel oxyhydroxide and cadmium transfer electrons due to changing oxidation states.

c)

Lead and lead dioxide plates react in sulfuric acid to form lead sulfate.

d)

In potassium hydroxide electrolyte, zinc is oxidized at the anode and manganese dioxide is reduced at the cathode.

e)

They move lithium ions between electrodes through a conducting fluid, reversing the direction of flow when charging.

123.

Who was the FIRST scientist to show that the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body?

a)

Nikola Tesla

b)

Alessandro Volta

c)

Luigi Galvani

d)

André‑Marie Ampère

e)

Giovani Aldini

124.

The second law of thermodynamics states that

a)

near equilibrium, different driving forces in a system symmetrically affect different flows.

b)

the total amount of energy in a closed system is constant.

c)

if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

d)

heat always flows from high to low temperature objects.

e)

no substance can ever reach absolute zero.

125.

Which field is MOST associated with the Galvani family’s legacy?

a)

immunology

b)

electrophysiology

c)

hydrodynamics

d)

thermodynamics

e)

anesthesiology

126.

Which Greek letter represents wavelength?

a)

Γ\Gamma

b)

δ\delta

c)

μ\mu

d)

λ\lambda

e)

ω\omega

127.

The magnetic force is described by the equation

a)

F=ρ v⃗ g⃗F=\rho\,\vec{v}\,\vec{g}

b)

F=−kxF=-kx

c)

F=q v BF=q\,v\,B

d)

F=mgF=mg

e)

F=qEF=qE

128.

How does a liquid crystal display create an image?

a)

It passes light through liquid crystals that line up to block or allow light based on an applied voltage, forming pixels.

b)

It converts photons into electrons, and then multiplies those electrons to produce a visible signal.

c)

It applies electric current to thin layers of organic material that glow red, green, or blue.

d)

It excites tiny cells of gas to create ultraviolet light, which then illuminates phosphors to produce visible colors.

e)

It fires electrons from a cathode, accelerates them, and uses a magnetic field to steer them onto a phosphorescent screen.

129.

The mass of one liter of water is approximately

a)

1 g

b)

1 kg

c)

10 kg

d)

1000 mg

e)

100 g

130.

Which technology “catches” sunlight and converts it to kinetic energy?

a)

light sails

b)

liquid‑crystal display

c)

light emitting diodes

d)

solar panels

e)

cathode ray tubes

131.

What happens when a bar magnet is cut in half?

a)

The magnetic poles reverse.

b)

The poles are separated into two monopoles.

c)

Its magnetic force doubles.

d)

Each magnet becomes a smaller dipole.

e)

The magnet loses its magnetism.

132.

Which of the following statements about electric fields is CORRECT?

a)

A proton between identical positive spheres moves to the stronger field.

b)

Negative charges move with electric field lines, while positive charges move against them.

c)

Symmetry causes electric field lines from a flat positive sheet to be perpendicular to the sheet.

d)

Symmetry cannot be used to simplify calculations for electric fields created by macroscopic objects.

e)

Electric dipoles are charged molecules affecting only distant charges.

133.

Which technology is an example of a solenoid?

a)

laser pointers

b)

touch screens

c)

keyboards

d)

MRI machines

e)

fission reactors

134.

A resistor is a device that

a)

allows electric current to flow in one direction only

b)

resists changes in current in the circuit

c)

stores electrical energy in an electric field between two conductive plates

d)

changes alternating current voltage levels between circuits

e)

converts the energy from the current into other forms of energy

135.

Which equation describes the energy change of a ball rolling down a hill?

a)

ΔE=h⋅f\Delta E=h\cdot f

b)

ΔE=W⋅h\Delta E=W\cdot h

c)

ΔE=Fq\Delta E=\dfrac{F}{q}

d)

ΔE=q⋅V\Delta E=q\cdot V

e)

ΔE=−Vd\Delta E=-\dfrac{V}{d}

136.

How does a Van de Graaff generator work?

a)

It stores electrical charge in a glass jar lined with metal foil.

b)

Chemical reactions within a liquid electrolyte generate a static charge.

c)

A rotating magnetic field induces a strong electric current within a metallic dome.

d)

An electric current flows through a series of capacitors, building up charge.

e)

A conveyor belt rubs materials to transfer electrons to a metal sphere.

137.

Which of the following fields is NOT a vector field?

a)

the gravitational field

b)

the electric field

c)

the temperature field

d)

the wind direction field

e)

the magnetic field

138.

How did Mars lose its water?

a)

Heat from the Sun evaporated the water molecules.

b)

Mars’s erratic magnetic field allowed the water to escape.

c)

Solar wind knocked water molecules off the planet.

d)

Passing celestial bodies with stronger magnetic fields pulled the water away.

e)

Mars’s strong magnetic field repelled water molecules.

139.

Which inventors created the tungsten lightbulb?

a)

Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse

b)

Alexander Just and George Westinghouse

c)

Alexander Just and Franjo Hanaman

d)

Mikhail Dolivo‑Dobrovolsky and Franjo Hanaman

e)

Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla

140.

In Greek, the word “atom” means

a)

element

b)

amber

c)

charge

d)

small

e)

indivisible

141.

Which phenomenon drives weather patterns?

a)

The speed of light is constant for all observers.

b)

Magnetic fields interact with charged particles.

c)

Fluid flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure.

d)

Light reflects off of clouds and Earth’s surface.

e)

Tectonic plates shift beneath the continents.

142.

Why can we see lightning bolts?

a)

The energy combusts air particles.

b)

The water vapor in the air refracts sunlight.

c)

The expansion of superheated air creates a light shockwave.

d)

The current heats the air up enough to glow.

e)

The electric field oxidizes atmospheric gases.

143.

The kilowatt‑hour is a unit of

a)

current

b)

energy

c)

voltage

d)

resistance

e)

power

144.

LEDs generate light using

a)

thermoelectric conductors

b)

mixed conductors

c)

photoconductors

d)

semiconductors

e)

superconductors

145.

Alessandro Volta’s battery included all of the following components EXCEPT

a)

silver sheets

b)

saltwater

c)

citric acid

d)

cardboard

e)

zinc sheets

146.

A gas so hot that electrons are no longer bound to nuclei is known as

a)

alloy

b)

superfluid

c)

plasma

d)

vapor

e)

supercritical fluid

147.

The lines of equivalent length in the capacitor symbol indicate that it

a)

stores AC power

b)

is a non‑Ohmic device

c)

includes a dielectric

d)

has negligible resistance

e)

can be charged with either polarity

148.

Thermal cameras allow us to visualize

a)

infrared radiation

b)

microwaves

c)

X‑rays

d)

ultraviolet radiation

e)

radio waves

149.

An object charged with static electricity has a charge in the range of

a)

millicoulombs – microcoulombs

b)

kilocoulombs – megacoulombs

c)

microcoulombs – nanocoulombs

d)

nanocoulombs – picocoulombs

e)

picocoulombs – femtocoulombs

150.

Which of the following pairs INCORRECTLY matches the metric prefix to its power of ten?

a)

c | 10210^2

b)

k | 10310^3

c)

M | 10610^6

d)

n | 10910^9

e)

m | 10−610^{-6}

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