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Final Exam Review

Total questions: 151

Worksheet time: 4hrs 2mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which branch of Earth Science focuses on the study of the oceans and human impact on them?

a)

Geology

b)

Meteorology

c)

Oceanography

d)

Astronomy

2.

What is the study of the origin and structure of the solid Earth, resources and human impact on them?

a)

Meteorology

b)

Astronomy

c)

Geology

d)

Oceanography

3.

What is the study of the variations in atmospheric conditions that produce weather?

a)

Oceanography

b)

Meteorology

c)

Geology

d)

Astronomy

4.

What is the study of the universe beyond the Earth?

a)

Geology

b)

Meteorology

c)

Oceanogrpahy

d)

Astronomy

5.

Latitude and Longitude are a way we use to map our world. Latitude MEASURES North and South of the equator.

a)

True

b)

False

6.

All of the Earth's water is found in which sphere?

a)

Geosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Biosphere

d)

Atmosphere

7.

In which sphere are all LIVING things found?

a)

Biosphere

b)

Lithosphere

c)

Asthenosphere

d)

Atmosphere

8.
A rock formed from fragments of other rocks is a(n)
a)
Metamorphic Rock
b)
Sedimentary Rock
c)
Extrusive Rock
d)
Igneous Rock
9.

What are the coordinates for the point (Portland) on this map?

a)

(46 degrees N, 121 degrees W)

b)

(30 degrees N, 50 degrees W)

c)

(121 degrees W, 46 degrees N)

d)

(40 degrees N, 90 degrees W)

10.
What is the name of this line at 0 degrees latitude?
a)
Prime Meridian
b)
Equator
c)
North Pole
d)
South Pole
11.
What is the name of the line at zero degrees longitude?
a)
Equator
b)
Prime Meridian
c)
North Pole
d)
South Pole
12.

What is the elevation at the top of the hill on the attached map?

a)

240 Feet

b)

Between 291 and 299 Feet

c)

300 Feet

d)

None of the Above

13.
Scientists think that convection currents flow in Earth's
a)
continents
b)
mantle
c)
lithosphere
d)
inner core.
14.
Which layer of Earth is made up of tectonic plates?
a)
outer core
b)
inner core
c)
asthenosphere
d)
lithosphere
15.

What is letter J?

a)

Heat and pressure

b)

Melting

c)

Deposition, Compaction, Cementation

d)

Weathering and erosion

16.

What is letter F?

a)

Heat and pressure

b)

Cooling

c)

Deposition, Compaction, Cementation

d)

Weathering and erosion

17.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Plate
b)
Divergent
c)
Convergent
d)
Transform
18.
What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a divergent boundary between two pieces of oceanic crust?
a)
Rift Valley
b)
Mid-Ocean Ridge
c)
Island Arc
d)
Flat land
19.
This is the plastic layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move.
a)
Lithosphere
b)
Asthenosphere
c)
Mesosphere
d)
Crust
20.
This layer is divided into pieces called tectonic plates.
a)
Mesosphere
b)
Asthenosphere
c)
Mantle
d)
Lithosphere
21.
Which piece of evidence did Wegener use to prove continental drift?
a)
The shape of the continents
b)
Similar fossils found on separate continents
c)
Tree fossils found in odd places
d)
All of the above
22.

the thin and solid outermost layer of Earth above the mantle

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

inner core

d)

outer core

23.

rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies

a)

igneous

b)

metamorphic

c)

sedimentary

24.

rock formed from pre-existing or pieces of once-living organisms

a)

sedimentary

b)

metamorphic

c)

igenous

25.

the natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rock

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

26.

the hypothesis that a single large landmass broke up into smaller land masses to form the continents, which then drifted to their present locations

a)

continental drift

b)

plate tectonics

c)

alfered wegener

d)

pangaea

27.

the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding

a)

convergent boundary

b)

divergent boundary

c)

subduction

d)

transform boundary

28.

the supercontinent that formed 300 million years ago and that began to break apart 200 million years ago

a)

pangaea

b)

godwana

c)

america

d)

coach stemp's classroom

29.

the theory that explains how large pieces of lithosphere move and change shape

a)

plate tectonics

b)

continental drift

c)

plate boundaries

d)

pangaea

30.

a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet, moon, or other celestial body

a)

atmosphere

b)

geosphere

c)

thermosphere

d)

exosphere

31.

the weather conditions in an area over a long period of time

a)

climate

b)

weather

32.

layer of the atmosphere containing the ozone layer

a)

stratosphere

b)

mesosphere

c)

troposphere

d)

thermosphere

33.

the uppermost layer of the atmosphere

a)

thermosphere

b)

troposphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

stratsophere

34.

the state of the atmosphere, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloud cover

a)

weather

b)

climate

35.

the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other

a)

divergent boundary

b)

convergent boundary

c)

subduction zone

d)

transform boundary

36.

what is the thickest layer of the earth?

a)

mantle

b)

crust

c)

inner core

d)

outer core

37.

which of the following lists the layers of the earth from innermost to outermost?

a)

inner core

outer core

mantle

crust

b)

crust

mantle

outer core

inner core

c)

inner core

outer core

crust

mantle

d)

outer core

inner core

mantle

crust

38.

what percentage of Earth's water is freshwater?

a)

3%

b)

50%

c)

71%

d)

97%

39.

what rock forms from heat and pressure?

a)

metamorphic

b)

igneous

c)

sedimentary

40.

choose all of Wegener's pieces of evidence in regards to continental drift.

a)

similarity in coastlines of continents

b)

fossils records are similar on separate landmasses

c)

geological evidence similarities

d)

climate change similarities

41.

which lists the layers of the atmosphere in order from innermost (where humans live) to outermost?

a)

troposphere

stratosphere

mesosphere

thermosphere

b)

thermosphere

mesosphere

stratosphere

troposphere

c)

troposphere

mesosphere

stratosphere

thermosphere

d)

troposphere

stratosphere

thermosphere

mesosphere

42.

what percentage of earth's atmosphere is made up of nitrogen?

a)

78%

b)

21%

c)

~1%

43.

what percentage of earth's atmosphere is made up of oxygen?

a)

78%

b)

21%

c)

~1%

44.

Bio-fuels are...

a)

an examples of fossil fuels

b)

non-renewable sources of fuel

c)

renewable fuels produced from plant material.

d)

Fuels which produce a lot of green house gases

45.

What is the main cause of air pollution?

a)

plowing fields and releasing dust

b)

using solar power

c)

burning fossil fuels

d)

using water power

46.

Which of the following is likely to be affected by the rapidly growing human population?

a)

amount of land for agriculture

b)

amount of clean water

c)

quality of the air

d)

all of the above

47.

Which of the following are sustainable practices for agriculture?

a)

terrace farming

b)

contour plowing

c)

crop rotation

d)

deforestation

48.
Heat transferred from beneath the surface of Earth and used to produce energy for human use is...
a)
Hydropower
b)
Wind Energy
c)
Geothermal Energy
d)
Solar Energy
49.
_____________ power is electricity produced by flowing water.
a)
Solar 
b)
Wind 
c)
Hydroelectric 
d)
water
50.
Why is solar energy considered renewable energy?
a)
It's cheaper than fossil fuels
b)
The sun's energy would not run out for billions of years
c)
Solar energy recharges batteries
d)
All of them
51.
Why is burning fossil fuels harmful? 
a)
then we won't have any fossil fuels if we burn them all
b)
They can get extremely hot
c)
Increases the amount of greenhouse gases in the air
d)
this would destroy fossils
52.
Fossil fuels are classified as nonrenewable because they.......
a)
require expensive equipment
b)
take millions of years to replace
c)
can be found all over 
d)
provide all the energy we use
53.

An accurate definition of Sustainability is

a)

meeting population needs

b)

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to survive

c)

meeting the needs of the future without worrying about todays

d)

meeting the food needs of animals

54.

a nonrenewable resources is...

a)

any natural material that is used by humans

b)

a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which it is consumed

c)

a resource that forms much more slowly than it is consumed

55.

Choose which answer(s) are possible effects of rapid atmosphere warming:

a)

Increased hurricanes and typhoons

b)

Increased diseases

c)

Disastrous forest fires

d)

Starvation of the poorest populations

56.
How does the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affect climate?
a)
As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures increase
b)
As carbon dioxide concentration increase, temperatures decrease.
c)
Carbon dioxide concentrations have no affect on climate
d)
As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures become more random.
57.
 What is the greenhouse effect?
a)
The warming of a planet due to trapped radiation.
b)
The cooling of Earth due to air pollution.
c)
The heating of a solid, such as a rock.
58.

The main human activity that releases greenhouse gases is

a)

using public transportation and there by reduce the affects of greenhouse gases.

b)

burning fossil fuels

c)

texting on cellphones

d)

eating meat

59.
Which of the following is the best conclusion that can be made from this graph?
a)
atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been decreasing since 1960
b)
Hawaii has a lot of carbon dioxide
c)
humans have been working hard to decrease carbon dioxide levels
d)
atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have increased steadily since 1960
60.
Which system results in drier, fairer weather?
a)
high pressure
b)
low pressure
c)
hurricane
d)
weather system
61.
The layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs is the _.
a)
thermosphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
mesosphere
d)
troposphere
62.
_______ affects weather because the further north or south you go from the Equator, the less solar energy (heat).
a)
altitude
b)
latitude
c)
sunlight
d)
atmosphere
63.
The location where cold air mass is replacing a warm air mass
a)

storm front

b)

hot front

c)

warm front

d)

cold front

64.
The location where warm air mass is replacing a cooler air mass
a)

cold front

b)

warm front

c)

icy front

d)

storm front

65.

What is the process of rain, snow, or hail falling from the sky?

a)

evaporation

b)

condensation

c)

precipitation

d)

runoff

66.
The process of plants losing water through their leaves is called ____.
a)

Condensation

b)

Evaporation

c)

Transpiration

d)

Exhaling

67.

An area which all water drains to the same spot.

a)

Watershed

b)

Tributary

c)

Drainage divide

d)

Riparian zone

68.
Removal and transport of weathered materials from one location to another.
a)
Erosion
b)
Deposition
c)
Weathering
d)
Chemical weathering
69.
Wind always blows from areas of _______ to areas of ______ pressure.
a)
hot; cold
b)
low; high
c)
high; low
d)
cold; hot
70.

What causes differences in air pressure?

a)

Even heating of the Earth

b)

Even cooling of the earth

c)

Uneven heating of the earth

d)

Global warming

71.

What causes wind?

a)

Differences in air pressure

b)

Differences in gravity

c)

Difference in oxygen

d)

Differences in the thermosphere

72.
What type of boundary is in this image?
a)
convergent plate boundary
b)
divergent plate boundary
c)
transform plate boundary
d)
subduction
73.

The place where two plates come together is known as a _______

a)

transform boundary.

b)

divergent boundary.

c)

convergent boundary.

d)

rift valley.

74.

A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a _______

a)

transform boundary

b)

divergent boundary.

c)

convergent boundary.

d)

rift valley.

75.

Where do convection cycles happen?

a)

core

b)

mantle

c)

crust

76.
What does this symbol on a weather map indicate? 
a)
High pressure system
b)
Low pressure system
c)
Cold front
d)
Warm front
77.
What does this symbol indicate on a weather map? 
a)
High pressure system
b)
Low pressure system
c)
Cold front
d)
Warm front
78.
The boundary  between two air masses is known as:
a)
front
b)
storm
c)
climate
d)
flood
79.
Which condition usually means cloudy, stormy weather?
a)
high pressure
b)
low pressure
80.
A wet and cold air mass would be a...
a)
Maritime polar
b)
Continental polar
c)
Maritime tropical
d)
Continental tropical
81.
A dry and cold air mass would be...
a)
Maritime polar
b)
Continental polar
c)
Maritime tropical
d)
Continental tropical
82.
A dry and hot air mass would be...
a)
Maritime arctic
b)
Maritime tropical
c)
Continental tropical
d)
Continental polar
83.
Which abbreviation of an air mass can be identified as cold and moist?
a)
cP
b)
mP
c)
cT
d)
mT
84.
Which abbreviation of an air mass can be identified as dry and hot?
a)
cP
b)
mP
c)
cT
d)
mT
85.

Many earthquakes happen along the borders of...

a)

Countries

b)

Tectonic Plates

c)

Climate Zones

d)

None of the above.

86.

what is a stationary front?

a)

where a cold and warm front meet and neither moves very much

b)

a cold front

c)

a warm front

d)

none of these

87.

Long periods of rain can cause a...

a)

thunderstorm.

b)

hurricane.

c)

drought.

d)

flood.

88.

Classifies hurricanes according to wind speed on a scale ranging from Category 1- Category 5.

a)

Enhanced Fujita scale

b)

Richter scale

c)

Saffir-Simpson scale

d)

Secrest-Perry scale

89.
What is occurring at A in the diagram?
a)
runoff
b)
precipitation
c)
evaporation
d)
condensation
90.
What process is happening at C in the diagram?
a)
runoff
b)
precipitation
c)
condensation
d)
transpiration
91.

Movement of water through the soils of Earth is what?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Infiltration

c)

Exfoliation

d)

Precipitation

92.
The gradual increase in the temperature of the atmosphere is known as ___________________.
a)
greenhouse effect
b)
global warming
c)
fossil fuels
d)
ice ages
93.

Which of the following events would be MOST likely to add Greenhouse Gases to the atmosphere?

a)

Hurricane

b)

Tsunami

c)

Forest Fire

d)

Ecological Succession

94.

Which of the following is contributing to an INCREASE in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

a)

deforestation

b)

photosynthesis

c)

oceans

d)

all of the above

e)

the loss of animal species

95.

Most active volcanoes in the world exist

a)

near divergent tectonic plate boundaries.

b)

near convergent tectonic plate boundaries.

c)

in the interiors of oceanic tectonic plates.

d)

in the interiors of continental tectonic plates.

96.

Fossils are usually found in __________ rock.

a)

hydrolithic

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

sedimentary

97.

Melting sedimentary rocks in the crust can happen only through __________.

a)

subduction

b)

extrusion

c)

compaction

d)

intrusion

98.

Which of the following contain the greatest amount of the earth's fresh water?

a)

lakes and ponds

b)

glaciers and ice sheets

c)

groundwater

d)

wetlands

99.

The closer your lines are, the more gentle the slope is.

a)

True

b)

False

100.

In the rock cycle, what happens when sedimentary rock changes into metamorphic rock?

a)

Melting and cooling

b)

Heat and pressure

c)

Weathering and Compaction

d)

None of the above

101.

In the rock cycle, what is happening when a rock changes from igneous rock to sedimentary rock?

a)

Melting and cooling

b)

Heat and pressure

c)

Weathering and Compaction

d)

None of the above

102.

A plate moving along a fault often causes...

a)

an earthquake

b)

a hurricane

c)

a tornado

103.

If Marble is a rock that has large crystals and formed by exposure to high heat and pressure, what type of rock is it?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

104.

What type of map would be most useful when hiking in mountains?

a)

Topographic

b)

Mercator

c)

Conic

d)

Gnomonic

105.

What are the coordinates of Alaska?

a)

58 degrees west, 160 degrees north

b)

58 degrees north, 160 degrees west

106.

Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

a)

carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor

b)

carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen, argon

c)

methane, nitrogen, helium

d)

water vapor, ice crystals

e)

nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide

107.

As you get deeper into the Earth...

a)

Temperature and Pressure decrease

b)

Temperature increases, but pressure decreases

c)

Temperature decreases, but pressure increases

d)

Temperature and Pressure increases

108.

Who was the scientist who is famous for proposing the theory of Continental Drift?

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Johan Kepler

c)

Albert Einstein

d)

Alfred Wegener

109.
What are the two types of crust?
a)
continental and oceanic
b)
ocean and basin
c)
lower and upper
d)
thick and thin
110.
What drives tectonic plate movement? 
a)
gravity
b)
coriolis effect
c)
convection currents
d)
the earth's magnetic core
111.
When an oceanic plate and a continental plate collide, which one will subduct? 
a)
oceanic
b)
continental
c)
neither
d)
both
112.

The force exerted by the weight of the air is called

a)

convergence

b)

divergence

c)

air pressure

d)

the Coriolis effect

113.

High pressure systems are usually associated with which of the following

a)

clear weather

b)

descending air

c)

relatively dry conditions

d)

all of these are correct

114.

An immense body of air characterized by similar properties at any given altitude is known as a(n)

a)

cyclone

b)

air mass

c)

anticyclone

d)

front

115.

Which two properties characterize an air mass?

a)

temperature and location

b)

moisture level and pressure

c)

temperature and moisture level

d)

temperature and pressure

116.

Cumulonimbus clouds are associated with which type of front?

a)

stationary

b)

cold

c)

warm

d)

occulded

117.

Which of the following is the correct composition of Earth’s modern atmosphere?

a)

78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen, 1% other

b)

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other

c)

50% oxygen, 50% nitrogen

d)

75% oxygen, 25% nitrogen

118.

The ozone layer protects life on Earth from …

a)

Ultraviolet Rays

b)

Gamma Rays

c)

Infrared Rays

d)

X-Rays

119.

Which of these are examples of greenhouse gases?

a)

CO2

b)

Methane

c)

Water Vapor

d)

All of the Above

120.

Which of the following is the most common ozone destroying pollutants that is blamed for the hole in the ozone layer?

a)

Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs)

b)

particulate matter

c)

Nitrogen dioxide

d)

carbon monoxide

121.

A soil sample has 40% clay, 50% sand, and 10% silt. What is the texture of this soil sample?

a)

Silt loam

b)

Sandy loam

c)

Sandy clay

d)

Silty clay

122.

Excess water that does not infiltrate and permeate into the land and flows over the surface instead is called ___________.

a)

evaporation

b)

salt water

c)

runoff

d)

precipitation

123.

Salt water makes up about _____% of all the water on Earth.

a)

3%

b)

80%

c)

97%

124.
TRUE or FALSE. Many people on Earth do not have accces to clean water.
a)
TRUE
b)
FALSE
125.
A lack of water in an area is called ____.
a)
water scarcity
b)
water footprint
126.

What is a river basin?

a)

the water in a river

b)

land that water flows across or under on its way to a river

c)

land around smaller streams, lakes, or ponds

d)

the channel that a river flows in

127.

What are the 3 main fossil fuels?

a)

Coal, Oil, and nuclear fuel

b)

Coal, Oil, and Natural Gas

c)

Electricity, Gas, Petroleum

d)

Coal, Oil, Non-renewable Resources

128.
A front is
a)
where warm air is cooling at earth's surface
b)
a boundary where hot and cold air are separating
c)
a boundary where two different air masses meet
d)
where cold air is rising and forming rain clouds
129.

Name the front

a)

warm front

b)

stationary front

c)

cold front

d)

ice cream cones

130.

What does the "H" on the weather map mean

a)

hot pressure

b)

happy pressure

c)

high pressure

d)

handy pressure

131.

What does the "L" on a weather map mean

a)

low pressure

b)

lonely pressure

c)

lumpy pressure

d)

lucky pressure

132.

Why is the sun important to the water cycle?

a)

The sun is the source of energy that powers the water cycle.

b)

The sun gives light so that people can see the water cycle happening.

c)

The sun's gravity causes the tides which are important to the water cycle.

d)

The sun isn't important to the water cycle.

133.
A trench is formed at what zone?
a)
subduction
b)
divergent
c)
convergent
d)
strike-slip
134.

What is dissolved oxygen?

a)

oxygen gas dissolved in water

b)

a primary plant nuttient

c)

a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is

135.

What is pH?

a)

a primary plant notrient

b)

oxygen gas dissolved in water

c)

a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is

136.

The higher the temperature, the more dissolved oxygen in water.

a)

True

b)

False

137.

What factor is NOT directly used to predict the safety and potability of water supplies in North Carolina?

a)

Temperature

b)

Dissolved oxygen

c)

Color of the water

d)

pH

138.

What does turbidity measure in water?

a)

Temperature

b)

Acidity

c)

Clarity

d)

Oxygen levels

139.

Why are bio-indicators used to assess water quality?

a)

To measure temperature

b)

To indicate the presence of pollutants

c)

To increase pH levels

d)

To decrease turbidity

140.

Which do you think is safer to drink: water with a high turbidity or a low turbidity?

a)

Turbidity does not affect safety

b)

Both are equally safe

c)

Low turbidity

d)

High turbidity

141.

If a river is missing a species that is sensitive to pollution, what can be determined about the health of the river?

a)

The river is healthy

b)

The river is affected by temperature changes

c)

The river is polluted

d)

The river is undergoing eutrophication

142.

Which of the following is NOT evidence to support the theory of plate tectonics?

a)

Fossils records found on different continents.

b)

Mountains

c)

Glaciers Scratches in the rock

d)

Sand Erosion

143.

The youngest rocks would be located _____

a)

Closest to the mid-ocean ridge

b)

farthest away from the mid-ocean ridge

c)

Next to the ocean trench

d)

On the continents.

144.
How does fossil evidence support Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift?
a)
Similar fossils are found along continental margins that appear to join together.
b)
Fossils are found in areas where the present-day climate could not have supported the organisms that made the fossils.
c)
Similar fossils of giant, land-dwelling dinosaurs are found on continents separated by oceans.
d)
all of the above
145.

Wegener found fossils of ancient ferns on Antarctica, this shows

a)

That some ferns can survive temperatures well below freezing

b)

That humans put ferns on Antarctica millions of years ago

c)

That Antarctica drifted from a warmer climate where plants could grow

d)

That fossils can be formed in cold climates

146.

One negative human impact on the environment include all of the following EXCEPT

a)

replanting trees that are cut

b)

dumping garbage into our oceans

c)

burning fossil fuels

d)

overfishing the ocean

147.

As a result of a growing human population, a natural resource that could become scarce is

a)

CO2

b)

smog

c)

iphone/airpods

d)

clean drinking water

148.

Which example best describes how human activity can directly impact the geosphere?

a)

Poor farming practices can degrade the soil and cause erosion.

b)

Dumping waste from a factory into a river can pollute the water supply.

c)

Construction activities can release harmful dust and chemicals into the air.

d)

Removing too many fish from the ocean can cause a fish species to go extinct.

149.
Any amount of CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) in the atmosphere is bad for our planet.
a)
True
b)
False
150.
The impact on the planet due to global warming is called...
a)
climate change
b)
the seasons
c)
the weather
d)
natural change
151.

The Anthropocene era is being caused by:

a)

squirrels

b)

sea life

c)

humans

d)

insects