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IGS Final Review 2

Total questions: 145

Worksheet time: 4hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

When a student runs and kicks a ball, they have applied an ___________ force to move the ball.

a)

Balanced

b)

Magnetic

c)

Spring

d)

Unbalanced

2.

When the teacher rearranges the desks in the classroom, she must apply ____________ to push and pull the desks around.

a)

acceleration

b)

force

c)

weight

d)

magnets

3.

Which law of motion says that you must push or pull objects harder if they have more mass?

a)

1st

b)

2nd

c)

3rd

d)

4th

4.

Walking down the hall and speeding up when you turn and go down the stairs is an example of ____________.

a)

acceleration

b)

weight

c)

gravity

d)

friction

5.

Letting go of a balloon full of air is demonstrating Newton's ______ _______ ________ _________ because the air comes out of the back and the balloon moves forward.

a)

1st law of motion

b)

2nd law of motion

c)

3rd law of motion

d)

13th law of motion

6.

What law is best described by inertia?

a)

1st

b)

2nd

c)

3rd

d)

law of conservation of mass

7.

A person not paying attention while skateboarding hits a rock. The skateboard stops...they don't.

a)

The Law of Inertia (1st law)

b)

The Law of Acceleration (2nd law)

c)

The Law of Conservation of Momentum

d)

Action Reaction Law (3rd law)

8.

What Unit do we Measure Force in?

a)

Newtons

b)

Joules

c)

Force

d)

Kilograms

9.

What is Newton's First Law

a)

F=ma

b)

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

c)

An object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion.

d)

Friction

10.

A 20 kg bike accelerates at 10 m/s2. what was the force

F = m x a

a)

25 Newtons

b)

20 Newtons

c)

200 Newtons

d)

10 Newtons

11.

Newton's third law states that any action will have a(n) _______ and ______ reaction

a)

Equal and similar

b)

Equal and opposite

c)

Equal and different

d)

Greater and opposite

12.

8 N to the left , and 4 N to the right. Find the net force. Is this balanced

a)

12 N Right No

b)

4 N Left No

c)

12 N Right Yes

d)

4 N Left Yes

13.

What law of motion does this picture represent?

a)

Newton's 3rd law

b)

Newton's 4th law

c)

Newton's 1st law

d)

Newton's 2nd law

14.

What is Newton's 2nd law of motion?

a)

Inertia

b)

Force= Mass multiplied by acceleration

c)

For every action there is a equal and opposite re-action.

d)

Law of gravity

15.

A unbalanced force means that an object is

a)

zero net force

b)

changing its motion

c)

sitting still

d)

object at rest

16.

A ______ is a push or pull on an object.

a)

force

b)

speed

c)

acceleration

d)

velocity

17.

Newton's 2nd Law says the acceleration of an object depends on its _______ and ______. (Choose two answers)

a)

force or applied force

b)

weight

c)

gravity

d)

mass

18.

Net force is a combination of all ________ acting on an object.

a)

forces

b)

speeds

c)

accelerations

d)

velocities

19.

if an object stays still or continues moving at the same speed and in the same direction, it is a _______ force.

a)

weak

b)

strong

c)

balanced

d)

unbalanced

20.

The reason a boat bounces off the dock when it hits it.

a)

The boat and the dock repel each other.

b)

When the boat exerts a force on the dock, the dock exerts a force on the boat.

21.
Why is the net force 0 in the image?
a)
Because the elephants are the same size
b)
Because they are both pulling the same amount of force in opposite directions
c)
Because they are elephants
d)
Because they are pulling away from each other.
22.

When a truck stops suddenly, the packages on its truckbed continue to move forward. Which law is this?

a)

Law 1

b)

Law 2

c)

Law 3

23.

A rocket pushes burning gases DOWN which causes the rocket to launch UP. Which law is this?

a)

Law 1

b)

Law 2

c)

Law 3

24.

A sports car speeds up much faster than a dump truck when a traffic light turns from red to green. Which law is this?

a)

Law 1

b)

Law 2

c)

Law 3

25.
Energy of a rock perched on a cliff is an example of...
a)
gravitational
b)
elastic
c)
chemical
d)
kinetic
26.
How do you calculate power?
a)
P = W/t
b)
P = E/t
c)
P = w * t
d)
P = bbq/chicken
27.
How do we calculate work?
a)
W = F * d
b)
w = f * D
c)
W = F * D
d)
w = f * d
28.
How much work is being done with 200 N of force over 426 meters?
a)
85,200 J
b)
45,620 J
c)
90,480 J
d)
62,329 J
29.
The SI unit of work is?
a)
Joules
b)
Watts
c)
Newtons
d)
meters
30.
The energy of movement is...? 
a)
Kinetic
b)
Potential
31.
Energy that is stored is called...
a)
Kinetic
b)
Potential 
32.
The SI unit for power is...?
a)
Watts
b)
Joules
c)
Newtons
d)
Meters
33.
A force exerted over a distance to move an object is ______________________.
a)
power
b)
work
c)
momentum
d)
Watt
34.
If 150 Joules of work is needed to move a box 10 meters, what force was used? 
a)
1500 N
b)
15 N
c)
1.5 N
d)
150 N
35.
If 68 Joules were necessary to move a 4 Newton crate, how far was the crate moved?
a)
272 m
b)
17 m
c)
4.05 m
d)
272 cm 
36.
The faster an object moves, the ________ kinetic energy it has. 
a)
more
b)
less
c)
none of the above
d)
all of the above 
37.
Gravitational potential energy depends on the ________ and ________ of the object. 
a)
Height and mass
b)
Friction and movement
c)
Mass and Movement
d)
Height and Friction 
38.
What is the formula for calculating the total amount of mechanical energy?
a)
ME = KE + PE
b)
KE = ME + PE
c)
PE = KE + ME
d)
ME = 1/2 mv2
39.
Why does the total amount of mechanical energy stay constant in a system?
a)
energy is not created or destroyed
b)
energy leaves
c)
energy enters
d)
energy is not converted from one form into another
40.

Energy is

a)

how fast you do something.

b)

the ability to do work.

c)

confusing.

d)

how fast you lift something.

41.

Jane carries a 5 kg box and Lorie carries a 10 kg box up a set of stairs, who did more work?

a)

Jane because his box was lighter.

b)

Lorie because her box weighed more.

c)

Can't tell.

42.

How much power is generated by Ashley (50 kg) running up a 6 m flight of stairs in 5 seconds?

a)

60 W

b)

62 W

c)

600 W

d)

1500 W

43.

If you carry a 5 kg box across the room at a constant velocity

a)

you do no work.

b)

you do some work.

c)

you do negative work.

d)

Cannot be determined.

44.

What is the kinetic energy of a 10 kg ball moving at 3 m/s?

a)

15 J

b)

30 J

c)

45 J

d)

90 J

45.

A 5 kg cat falls off a 3 m tall fridge. What is the cat's PE as it starts to fall?

a)

15 J

b)

30 J

c)

150 J

d)

1470 J

46.

A 5 kg cat falls off a 3 m tall fridge. What is the cat's KE just before it lands on the floor?

a)

15 J

b)

30 J

c)

150 J

d)

1470 J

47.

What kind of energy(ies) does the car have at position A? The ground is h=0.

a)

KE

b)

KE + PE

c)

PE

d)

KE - PE

48.
The weather is...
a)
The typical state of the atmosphere in a long period of time.
b)
The state of the atmosphere at a particular time. 
49.

What is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere?

a)

oxygen

b)

nitrogen

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

methane

50.

Which statement best describes how temperature, humidity, and pressure vary within an air mass?

a)

Temperature and humidity vary, but pressure does not

b)

Temperature at the border of an air mass is always higher than in the middle.

c)

Temperature, humidity, and pressure are basically the same all through an air mass

d)

Humidity makes the pressure in an air mass increase

51.

Which word pair best describes the result of tropical continental air in the summer?

a)

hot and cloudy

b)

cool and sunny

c)

hot and sunny

d)

cool and cloudy

52.

A warm front is heading toward Chicago.

Which type of weather would one expect when it arrives?

a)

cold and rainy

b)

warm and sunny

c)

cold and dry

d)

warm and rainy

53.

Based on the diagram above what season is the northern hemisphere experiencing in B?

a)

Summer, because we are tilted away

b)

Autumn, because we are tilted towards

c)

Spring, because we are tilted towards

d)

Winter, because we are tilted away

54.

What causes the seasons to occur on Earth?

a)

The tilt of the Earth is 0˚

b)

The tilt of the Earth is 23.5˚

c)

The distance of the Earth from the Sun

d)

The distance of the city to the Equator

55.

What is the definition of a front?

a)

boundary between two air masses of the same temperature, pressure and humidity

b)

boundary between two air masses that mix together and become blended

c)

boundary between two air masses of different temperature, pressure, and humidity

d)

boundary between two similar air masses that almost meet, but turn opposite directions just before they meet

56.

The shape of the Earth has a major impact on climate. The Equator has a much higher average temperature than the poles due to this relationship. What causes this unequal heating?

a)

Ocean Currents

b)

Differences in precipitation

c)

Direct vs Indirect sunlight

d)

The location of the continents

57.

What type of air mass is number 3 in the diagram above?

a)

continental tropical

b)

maritime tropical

c)

continental polar

d)

maritime polar

58.
Day and night are created by the earth’s
a)
rotation
b)
revolution
59.
The process that traps heat in our atmosphere is
a)
condensation.
b)
the Greenhouse Effect.
c)
Global Energy Systems.
60.

How are air masses classified?

a)

temperature and pressure

b)

by pressure and humidity

c)

by temperature and density

d)

by temperature and humidity

61.

What type of front would most likely be responsible for several days of rain and clouds?

a)

cold

b)

warm

c)

occulded

d)

stationary

62.
Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
a)
oxygen
b)
water vapor
c)
methane
d)
carbon dioxide
63.
The boundary  between two air masses is known as:
a)
front
b)
storm
c)
climate
d)
flood
64.
This type of front can bring strong storms
a)
cold
b)
warm
c)
stationary
d)
occluded
65.

What is the term used for when water is falling from the sky (rain, snow, or hail)?

a)

evaporation

b)

condensation

c)

transpiration

d)

precipitation

66.

Place on Earth where temperatures are the warmest year round

a)

Prime Meridian

b)

Equator

c)

North Pole

d)

Tropical

67.

________________ describes what is happening outside (temperature, wind speed and precipitation) at a specific time and place.

a)

Weather

b)

Climate

c)

Temperature

d)

Precipitation

68.

The ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the amount of water vapor needed to reach saturation at a given temperature.

a)

wind speed

b)

air pressure

c)

wind direction

d)

relative humidity

69.

What does high humidity indicate about an area?

a)

a cool temperature

b)

a high-pressure system

c)

an approaching cold front

d)

a high amount of water vapor in the air

70.
This front occurs when a warm air mass meets a cold air mass and stops.
a)
occluded front
b)
warm front
c)
stationary front
d)
cold front
71.

This front can cause tornadoes when a warm air mass collides with a cold air mass and is quickly forced upward.

a)

occluded front

b)

stationary front

c)

warm front

d)

cold front

72.
This front occurs when 3 air masses meet up forcing the warm air upward.
a)
occluded front
b)
stationary front
c)
warm front
d)
cold front
73.
Which air mass is forced upward at a front?
a)
cold air mass
b)
warm air mass
74.
The temperature at which air is saturated and condensation forms is the:
a)
dew point
b)
rain point
c)
wind point
d)
relative humidity
75.

What is the most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Carbon dioxide

d)

Methane

76.

Which statement best describes how temperature, humidity, and pressure vary within an air mass?

a)

Temperature, humidity, and pressure are basically the same all through an air mass.

b)

Temperature and humidity vary, but pressure does not.

c)

Temperature at the border of an air mass is always higher than in the middle.

d)

Humidity makes the pressure in an air mass increase.

77.

A warm front is heading toward Chicago.

Which type of weather would one expect when it arrives?

a)

cold and rainy

b)

warm and rainy

c)

cold and dry

d)

warm and sunny

78.
What is a warm front?
a)
 Warm air mass becomes caught between cold air masses
b)
two air masses meet and stay separate
c)
 Warm air moves over cold air and replaces it
d)
 Cold air moves under warm air and pushes it up
79.
What causes changes in the weather?
a)
air masses move and come together
b)
water evaporates
c)
the air gets more humid
d)
clouds form
80.
When the northern hemisphere is in the winter season, temperatures are lower because _________________.
a)
it is further from the sun
b)
the sun's rays are indirect & less intense
c)
it is closer to the sun
d)
the sun's rays are direct & more intense
81.

What is the natural Greenhouse Effect?

a)

heat is trapped in the oceans

b)

heat escapes into space

c)

greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere

d)

greenhouse gases release heat into glaciers

82.

Which type of cloud is white and puffy?

a)

cumulus

b)

cirrus

c)

stratus

d)

cumulonimbus

83.

Cirrus is Latin for

a)

ice crystal

b)

water droplet

c)

curl-like

d)

heaps

84.

Clouds form during the process of...

a)

evaporation

b)

condensation

c)

precipitation

d)

runoff

85.
The biggest unit of time on the Geologic Time Scale is 
a)
an era
b)
a period
c)
an eon
d)
an epoch
86.
Eras a broken into 
a)
eons
b)
periods
c)
epochs
d)
millions of years
87.
Of the following organisms, which was around (or has been around) for the shortest amount of time?
a)
Dinosaurs
b)
Mammals
c)
Humans
d)
Reptile
88.

The sudden movement of tectonic plates that release energy in the form of waves are referred to as

a)

tidal waves

b)

electromagnetic waves

c)

earthquakes

d)

ocean currents

89.

What surface feature might form at a convergent boundary?

a)

valley

b)

mountain range

c)

pond

d)

esker

90.

Theory explaining that the earth's crust is broken into plates and the surface is continually changing.

a)

Surface Tectonics

b)

Mantle Theory

c)

Plate Tectonics

d)

Earthquakes

91.

Where are earthquakes most likely to occur?

a)

in the mantle

b)

in big cities

c)

in the ocean

d)

at plate boundaries

92.

Where are volcanoes most likely to occur?

a)

subduction zones

b)

transform boundaries

c)

convergent boundaries

d)

Maine

93.

Which of the following most likely causes Earth's inner core to be a solid?

a)

metals in the core are very heavy

b)

pressure at the core is very high

c)

the temperature at the core is very low

d)

the layers alternate form

94.

This chronological time chart is broken into different time chunks, the largest being the Eon, then Era, Period, and Epoch.

a)

Timeline

b)

Calendar

c)

Geological time scale

d)

Time chart

95.

Approximately how old is the Earth?

a)

4.6 billion years old

b)

4.6 million years old

c)

5 billion years old

d)

5 million years old

96.
The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic are divisions in the geologic time scale called ____
a)
centuries
b)
layers
c)
periods
d)
eras
97.
This boundary is described by two plates moving away from eachother along the edges and separating. The resulting gap allows magma to rise and create new crust, forming new lithosphere. 
a)
Convergent Boundary 
b)
Divergent Boundary  
c)
Transform Boundary
98.
This boundary is described as two plates moving past eachother ALONG THE EDGES horizontally.  These boundaries will get stuck or lock against eachother causing earthquakes when they slip and release. 
a)
Convergent Boundary
b)
Divergent Boundary
c)
Transform Boundary
99.

In some areas of the world, like California and Japan, earthquakes are a common occurrence. How can this best be explained?

a)

The strong ocean currents are undermining both areas causing earthquakes.

b)

Both areas are located near the edge of the Pacific Ocean, the unstable sand causes earthquakes.

c)

Both areas are subjected to strong ocean wind and waves that causes earthquakes.

d)

Both areas are on the boundary of active plates, the motion of the plates causes earthquakes.

100.

Observe this diagram of a plate boundary. One statement BEST describes what is happening. It is that

a)

the oceanic crust is melting.

b)

the denser ceanic crust is subducting under the less dense oceanic crust

c)

volcanic islands are forming.

d)

the tectonic plates are moving away from each other.

101.

The map in the picture shows tectonic plate boundaries. This map would be useful in predicting the location of future

a)

droughts

b)

hurricanes

c)

earthquakes

d)

tornadoes

102.

What force caused accretion to occur?

a)

Gravity

b)

Solar Wind

103.
The theory that explains the formation of the solar system is called ____.
a)
Nebulis Theory
b)
Nebular Theory
c)
Big Bang Theory
d)
Big Nebulan Theory
104.
What is the shape of a planet's orbit?
a)
circular
b)
elliptical
c)
spherical
d)
round
105.

Liquid rock below the earth's crust.

a)

Lava

b)

Cinder

c)

Magma

d)

Ash

106.

This is the name for the chain of volcanos around the edge of the Pacific Plate.

a)

Circle of Fire

b)

Ring of Lava

c)

Ring of Fire

d)

Pacific Ring

107.
Which volcano would have a gentle slope, quiet explosion, and thin magma?
a)
Composite Volcano
b)
Cinder Cone Volcano
c)
Shield Volcano
108.

Which volcano would have a single circular vent and a cylindrical cone of hardened lava and ash built around it.

a)

Cinder Cone Volcano

b)

Shield Volcano

c)

Composite Volcano

109.
Which layer is the oldest? 
a)
c
b)
a
c)
b
d)
d
110.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
111.
Which of the following can be located between the planet Mars and the planet Jupiter?
a)
meteor shower
b)
asteroid belt
c)
comet
d)
meteorite
112.
Our universe is constantly __________________ because galaxies are moving ______________ each other.
a)
shrinking, towards
b)
rotating, around
c)
growing, away from
113.

Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System.

a)

True

b)

False

114.
What is the difference between the inner planets and the outer planets?
a)
The outer planets are smaller than the inner planets 
b)
The inner planets are smaller than the outer planets
c)
The outer planets have more rocks than the inner planets
d)
the inner planets are heavier than  the outer planets
115.
The inner planets are called terrestrial planets because they are composed of
a)
water
b)
gas
c)
frozen surfaces
d)
rocks
116.

Which planet is the hottest planet because of its atmosphere?

a)
Venus
b)
Earth
c)
Mars
d)
Pluto
117.
Which planet is tipped on its side nearly 90 degrees?
a)
Jupiter
b)
Saturn
c)
Uranus
d)
Neptune
118.
What celestial body is made of ice and cosmic dust?
a)
Meteor
b)
Meteoroid
c)
Asteroid
d)
Comet
119.
Put the planets in order from the sun.
a)
Mercury, Venus, Mars Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
b)
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Sarturn, Neptune, Uranus, Pluto
c)
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Sarturn,  Uranus, Neptune,Pluto
d)
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Sarturn, Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus, Pluto
120.

These planets are the?

a)

Inner(Rocky) planets

b)

Outer(Gas Giants) planets

121.

What planets are these?

a)

Inner(Rocky) Planets

b)

Outer(Gas Giants) Planets

122.

The biggest planet is...

a)

JUPITER

b)

EARTH

c)

MARS

d)

VENUS

123.

This planet is also called "The Red Planet"

a)

JUPITER

b)

EARTH

c)

MARS

d)

VENUS

124.

This planet has rings.

a)

SATURN

b)

MERCURY

c)

MARS

d)

VENUS

125.
What holds the planets in their orbits around the sun?
a)
gravity
b)
speed
c)
string
d)
air currents
126.
The curved path in which a planet, satellite, or spacecraft moves in a circle around another object.  The path one object takes around another.
a)
rotate
b)
orbit
c)
moon
d)
revolve
127.
How does a meteor compare to a meteorite? 
a)
A meteor is moving through Earth's atmosphere and the meteorite actually lands on Earth
b)
A meteorite is moving through the Earth's atmosphere and the meteor actually lands on Earth
c)
Meteors are made up of Carbon and meteorites are made of ice
d)
They are the same thing
128.
Which of the following describes a Meteor?
a)
Found between Mars and Jupiter
b)
Orbit the sun like a planet
c)
Have an elliptical orbit of the sun
d)
Burn up as they enter the atmosphere
129.
What is the composition of an asteroid?
a)
Ice, dust, rock, frozen gases
b)
Rock, ice, salt, carbon
c)
Metals and rocky material
d)
Rock, ice, magma, frozen gases
130.
When a meteor hits Earth, what is it called?
a)
meteorite
b)
meteroid
c)
meteor
131.
How long ago was our solar system formed?
a)
about 4.5 million years ago
b)
about 9.2 million years ago
c)
about 4.5 billion years ago
d)
about 9.2 billion years ago
132.
The doughnut-shaped region, just past Neptune, where icy objects have stable orbits is called ___
a)
the Gerard Belt
b)
the Scattered Disk
c)
the Kuiper Belt
d)
the Kuiper Disk
133.

Which description is considered most accurate regarding what actually happened during the Big Bang?

a)

Two galaxies collided causing an immense explosion as stars crashed into one another

b)

All of what would become the universe was concentrated in a single small point, or singularity, which rapidly expanded into what is now stars, planets, galaxies, matter, and energy.

c)

All matter emerged from a massive black hole at the center of the universe.

d)

Parts of the sun were ripped off by massive internal explosions and were thrown into space where they cooled to become other things, like plants, comets, and other galaxies.

134.

A Group of stars, and or star systems, star clusters, dust and gas held together by gravity is known as:

a)

Universe

b)

Galaxy

c)

Solar System

d)

Planet

135.
What kind of galaxy is this?
a)
Ring
b)
Irregular
c)
Spiral
d)
Elliptical 
136.
What type of galaxy is this?
a)
Spiral
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular
d)
Irrational
137.

As our sun continues through its life cycle, it will _________ and turn into a _______________.

a)

gradually get smaller and smaller until it dies out/ black hole

b)

Gradually get larger until its outer layers drift off/ white dwarf

c)

become denser and denser/ protostar

d)

become hotter and hotter blue/ hypergiant.

138.

All stars begin their life in a

a)

Main Sequence

b)

Nebula

c)

Protostar

d)

Black Dwarf

139.
A gigantic explosion that causes the death of a large star is called
a)
pulsar
b)
red giant 
c)
supernova
d)
black hole
140.

Average size stars will turn into a _____ star next.

a)

protostar

b)

red giant

c)

supergiant

d)

black hole

141.
What is the name of baby stars?
a)
Dwarf
b)
Supergiant
c)
Protostars
d)
Nebulas
142.

Which two things typically result from a Supernova?

a)

Black Hole and Nova

b)

Black Hole and Neutron Star

c)

Neutron Star and Supernova II

d)

All of the above

143.
What color of star is the hottest?
a)
Blue
b)
Red
c)
Yellow
d)
Orange
144.

The passage of the Moon into Earth's shadow causes a

a)

lunar eclipse

b)

New Moon

c)

solar eclipse

d)

Full Moon

145.

The Moon has more surface craters than Earth does because the Moon has

a)

a smaller diameter than Earth

b)

no significant atmosphere

c)

a surface more sensitive to impacts

d)

a stronger gravitational force