Worksheetsintro - tissue
Total questions: 91
Worksheet time: 2hrs 31mins
Physiology
deals with the processes or functions of living things.
is the scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structures.
. is concerned with organisms and does not deal with levels of organization, such as cells and systems
. ecognizes the static (as opposed to the dynamic) nature of living things
The following are organizational levels for considering the body. (1) cell (2) chemical (3) organ (4) organ system (5) organism (6) tissue Choose the correct order for these organizational levels, from simplest to most complex.
a. 1,2,3,6,4,5
b. 2,1,6,3,4,5.
c. 3,1,6,4,5,2
d. 4,6,1,3,5,2
Endocrine system...
a. regulates other organ system
b. removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance
c. regulates temperature; reduces water loss; provides protection
d. produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat
Integumentary system
a. regulates other organ system
b. removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance
c. regulates temperature; reduces water loss; provides protection
d. produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat
Muscular system
a. regulates other organ system
b. removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance
c. regulates temperature; reduces water loss; provides protection
d. produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat
Nervous system
a. regulates other organ system
b. removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance
c. regulates temperature; reduces water loss; provides protection
d. produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat
Urinary system
a. regulates other organ system
b. removes waste products from the blood; maintains water balance
c. regulates temperature; reduces water loss; provides protection
d. produces movement; maintains posture; produces body heat
The characteristic of life that is defined as “all the chemical reactions taking place in an organism” is
a. development.
b. growth.
c. metabolism
d. organization.
The following events are part of a negative-feedback mechanism. (1) Blood pressure increases. (2) The control center compares actual blood pressure to the blood pressure set point. (3) The heart beats faster. (4) Receptors detect a decrease in blood pressure
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 1,3,2,4
c. 3,1,4,2
d. 4,2,3,1
Which of these statements concerning positive feedback is correct?
a. Positive-feedback responses maintain homeostasis.
b. Positive-feedback responses occur continuously in healthy individuals
c. Birth is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism.
d. When cardiac muscle receives an inadequate supply of blood, positive-feedback mechanisms increase blood flow to the heart
A term that means nearer the attached end of a limb is
a. distal.
b. lateral.
c. medial
d. proximal.
Which of these directional terms are paired most appropriately as opposites?
a. superficial and deep
b. medial and proximal
c. distal and lateral
d. superior and posterior
The part of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is called the
a. arm.
b. forearm.
c. hand.
d. inferior arm
A patient with appendicitis usually has pain in the __ quadrant of the abdomen
a. left-lower
b. right-lower
c. left-upper
d. right-upper
A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts is a
a. frontal (coronal) plane.
b. sagittal plane.
c. transverse plane
The lungs are
a. part of the mediastinum.
b. surrounded by the pericardial cavity
c. found within the thoracic cavity
d. separated from each other by the diaphragm
Given the following organ and cavity combinations: (1) heart and pericardial cavity (2) lungs and pleural cavity (3) stomach and peritoneal cavity (4) kidney and peritoneal cavity Which of the organs is correctly paired with a space that surrounds that organ?
a. 1,2
b. 1,2,3
c. 1,2,4
d. 1,2,3,4
Which of the following membrane combinations are found on the superior and inferior surface of the diaphragm?
a. parietal pleura—parietal peritoneum
b. parietal pleura—visceral peritoneum
c. visceral pleura—parietal peritoneum
d. visceral pleura—visceral peritoneum
Which of the following organs are not retroperitoneal?
a. adrenal glands
c. kidneys
d. pancreas
e. stomach
The smallest particle of an element that still has the chemical characteristics of that element is a(n)
electron
molecule
proton
atom
12C and 14C are
a. atoms of different elements.
b. isotopes.
c. atoms with different atomic numbers
d. atoms with different numbers of protons
A cation is a(n)
a. uncharged atom
a. uncharged atom
c. negatively charged atom
d. atom that has gained an electron.
A polar covalent bond between two atoms occurs when
a. one atom attracts shared electrons more strongly than another atom
b. atoms attract electrons equally.
c. an electron from one atom is completely transferred to another atom
Table salt (NaCl) is
a. an atom
b. organic.
c. a molecule.
d. a compound
The weak attractive force between two water molecules forms a(n)
a. covalent bond.
b. hydrogen bond.
c. ionic bond.
d. isotope.
Electrolytes are
nonpolar molecules
. covalent compounds.
substances that usually don’t dissolve in water
cations and anions that dissociate in water
In a decomposition reaction,
a. anabolism occurs.
b. proteins are formed from amino acids
c. large molecules are broken down to form small molecules
All of these are correct
Oxidation-reduction reactions
can be synthesis or decomposition reactions
have one reactant gaining electrons.
can create ionic or covalent bonds
All of these are correct
Potential energy
a. is energy caused by movement of an object
b. is the form of energy that is actually doing work
c. includes energy within chemical bonds
All of these are correct
Which of these descriptions of heat energy is not correct?
a. Heat energy flows between objects that are at different temperatures
b. Heat energy can be produced from all other forms of energy.
c. Heat energy can be released during chemical reactions
d. Heat energy must be added to break apart ATP molecules
Which of these statements concerning enzymes is correct?
a. Enzymes increase the rate of reactions but are permanently changed as a result.
b. Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts
c. Enzymes increase the activation energy requirement for a reaction to occur
d. Enzymes usually can only double the rate of a chemical reaction.
Water
a. is composed of two oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom
b. has a low specific heat
c. is composed of polar molecules into which ionic substances dissociate
d. is produced in a hydrolysis reaction.
When sugar is dissolved in water, the water is called the
a. solute.
b. solution.
c. solvent.
Which of these is an example of a suspension?
a. sweat
b. water and proteins inside cells
c. sugar dissolved in water
d. red blood cells in plasma
A buffer
a. slows down chemical reactions
b. speeds up chemical reactions.
c. increases the pH of a solution.
d. maintains a relatively constant pH.
A conjugate acid-base pair
a. acts as a buffer.
b. can combine with H+ in a solution
c. describes carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3 −)
d. All of these are correct.
The polysaccharide used for energy storage in the human body is
a. cellulose.
b. glycogen
c. lactose.
d. starch.
A ___ fatty acid has one double covalent bond between carbon atoms
a. cholesterol
b. monounsaturated
c. phospholipid
d. polyunsaturated
The __ structure of a protein results from the folding of the pleated sheets or helices.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
According to the lock-and-key model of enzyme action
a. reactants must first be heated
b. enzyme shape is not important.
c. each enzyme can catalyze many types of reactions.
d. reactants must bind to an active site on the enzyme.
. DNA molecules
a. contain genes.
b. contain a single strand of nucleotides.
b. contain a single strand of nucleotides.
d. are of three different types that have roles in protein synthesis.
ATP
a. is formed by the addition of a phosphate group to ADP.
b. is formed with energy released during catabolic reactions
c. contains three phosphate groups
d. All of these are correct.
In the plasma membrane, ___ form(s) the lipid bilayer, ___ determine(s) the fluid nature of the membrane, and ___ mainly determine(s) the function of the membrane.
a. phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins
b. phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol
c. proteins, cholesterol, phospholipids
d. cholesterol, phospholipids, proteins
Which of the following functioning proteins are found in the plasma membrane?
a. channel proteins
b. marker molecules
c. enzymes
d. All of these are correct.
In general, lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the ___ ; small, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the ___ .
a. membrane channels, membrane channels
b. membrane channels, lipid bilayer
c. lipid bilayer, carrier proteins
d. membrane channels, carrier proteins.
Small pieces of matter, and even whole cells, can be transported across the plasma membrane in
a. membrane channels.
b. carrier moleculesr
c. receptor molecules.
d. vesicles.
The rate of diffusion increases if the
a. concentration gradient decreases
b. temperature of a solution decreases.
c. viscosity of a solution decreases.
d. All of these are correct
Concerning the process of diffusion, at equilibrium
a. the net movement of solutes stops.
b. random molecular motion continues.
c. the concentration of solute is equal throughout the solution
d. All of these are correct
If a cell is placed in a(n) ___ solution, lysis of the cell may occur
a. hypertonic.
b. hypotonic
c. isotonic
d. isosmotic
Suppose that a woman runs a long-distance race in the summer. During the race, she loses a large amount of hyposmotic sweat. You would expect her cells to
a. shrink
b. swell.
c. stay the same.
d. none of the above
Which of these statements about facilitated diffusion is true?
a. In facilitated diffusion, net movement is down the concentration gradient
b. Facilitated diffusion requires the expenditure of energy.
c. Facilitated diffusion does not require a carrier protein.
d. Facilitated diffusion moves materials through membrane channels
Which of these statements concerning the symport of glucose into cells is true?
a. The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves Na+ into cells
b. The concentration of Na+ outside cells is less than inside cells.
c. A carrier protein moves Na+ into cells and glucose out of cells
d. The concentration of glucose can be greater inside cells than outside cells
A white blood cell ingests solid particles by forming vesicles. This describes the process of
a. exocytosis.
b. facilitated diffusion
c. secondary active transport
d. phagocytosis
Given these characteristics: (1) requires energy (2) requires carrier proteins (3) requires membrane channels (4) requires vesicles. Choose the characteristics that apply to exocytosis
a. 1,2
b. 1,4
c. 1,3,4
d. 1,2,3
Cytoplasm is found
a. in the nucleus
b. outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane
c. outside the plasma membrane
d. inside mitochondria
Which of these elements of the cytoskeleton is composed of tubulin and forms essential components of centrioles, spindle fibers, cilia, and flagella?
a. actin filaments
b. intermediate filaments
c. microtubules
d. inside mitochondria
A large structure, normally visible in the nucleus of a cell, where ribosomal subunits are produced is called a(n)
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondrion
c. nucleolus.
d. lysosome.
A cell that synthesizes large amounts of protein for use outside the cell has a large
aa. number of cytoplasmic inclusions.
b. number of mitochondria.
c. amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of these organelles produces large amounts of ATP?
a. nucleus
b. mitochondria.
c. ribosomes
d. endoplasmic reticulum
Cylindrically shaped extensions of the plasma membrane that do not move, are supported by actin filaments, and may function in absorption or as sensory receptors are
a. nucleus
b. cilia.
c. flagella.
d. microvilli.
A portion of an mRNA molecule that determines one amino acid in a polypeptide chain is called a(n)
a. nucleotide.
b. gene.
c. codon.
d. chromosomes
In which of these organelles is mRNA synthesized?
a. nucleus.
b. ribosome
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. nuclear envelope
During the cell life cycle, DNA replication occurs during the
a. G1 phase.
b. G2 phase.
c. M phase.
d. S phase
Given the following activities: (1) repair (3) gamete production (2) growth (4) differentiation. Which of the activities is (are) the result of mitosis?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 1,2
d. 3,4
Apoptosis
a. is a programmed cell death.
b. removes excess cells between the developing fingers and toes of a fetus
c. eliminates virally infected cells and cancer cells from the body.
d. all of the above
Given these characteristics: (1) capable of contraction (2) covers free body surfaces (3) lacks blood vessels (4) composes various glands (5) anchored to connective tissue by a basement membrane. Which of these are characteristics of epithelial tissue?
a. 1,2,3
b. 2,3,5
c. 3,4,5
d. 2,3,4,5
Which of these embryonic germ layers gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood vessels?
a. ectoderm
b. endoderm
c. mesoderm
d. none of the above
A tissue that covers a surface, is one cell layer thick, and is composed of flat cells is
a. simple squamous epithelium
b. simple cuboidal epithelium.
c. simple columnar epithelium
d. stratified squamous epithelium.
Stratified epithelium is usually found in areas of the body where the principal activity is
a. filtration.
b. protection.
c. absorption.
d. diffusion.
Which of these characteristics do not describe nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
a. many layers of cells
b. flat surface cells
c. living surface cells
d. found in the skin
In parts of the body where considerable expansion occurs, such as the urinary bladder, which type of epithelium would you expect to find?
a. cuboidal
b. pseudostratified
c. transitional
d. squamous
Epithelial cells with microvilli are most likely found
a. lining blood vessels.
b. lining the lungs.
c. lining the uterine tube.
d. lining the small intestine.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can be found lining the
a. digestive tract
b. trachea
c. thyroid gland.
d. kidney tubules
A type of cell connection whose only function is to prevent the cells from coming apart is a
a. desmosome
b. gap junction.
c. tight junction.
d. none of the above
The glands that lose their connection with epithelium during embryonic development and secrete their cellular products into the bloodstream are called ___ glands.
a. apocrine
b. endocrine
c. exocrine
d. holocrine
A ___ gland has a duct that branches repeatedly, and the ducts end in saclike structures.
a. simple tubular
b. simple coiled tubular
c. simple acinar
d. compound acinar
The fibers in dense connective tissue are produced by
a. fibroblasts.
b. adipocytes.
c. osteoblasts.
d. osteoclasts.
Mesenchymal cells
a. form embryonic connective tissue.
b. give rise to all adult connective tissues
c. in adults produce new connective tissue cells in response to injury
d. All of these are correct.
A tissue with a large number of collagen fibers organized parallel to each other would most likely be found in
a. a muscle
b. a tendon
c. adipose tissue.
d. a bone
Extremely delicate fibers that make up the framework for organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes are
a. elastic fibers
b. reticular fibers.
c. microvilli.
d. cilia
In which of these locations is dense irregular elastic connective tissue found?
a. ligaments
b. nuchal ligament
c. dermis of the skin
d. large arteries
Which of these is not true of adipose tissue?
a. It is the site of energy storage
b. It is a type of connective tissue.
c. It acts as a protective cushion.
d. Brown adipose is found only in older adults.
Which of these types of connective tissue has the smallest amount of extracellular matrix?
a. adipose
b. bone
c. cartilage
d. loose connective tissue
Fibrocartilage is found
a. in the cartilage of the trachea
b. in the rib cage
c. in the external ear
d. between vertebrae.
A tissue composed of cells located in lacunae surrounded by a hard matrix of hydroxyapatite is
a. hyaline cartilage.
b. bone.
c. nervous tissue
d. dense regular collagenous connective tissue
Which of these characteristics apply to smooth muscle?
a. striated, involuntary
b. striated, voluntary
c. unstriated, involuntary
d. unstriated, voluntary
Which of these statements about nervous tissue is not true?
a. Neurons have cytoplasmic extensions called axons.
b. Electrical signals (action potentials) are conducted along axons.
c. Bipolar neurons have two axons.
d. Neurons are nourished and protected by glia.
The linings of the digestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive passages are composed of
a. serous membranes.
b. mucous membranes.
c. mesothelium.
d. endothelium.
Chemical mediators
a. cause blood vessels to constrict.
b. decrease the permeability of blood vessels.
c. initiate processes that lead to edema
d. help prevent clotting.
Which of these types of cells is labile?
a. neuron
b. skin
c. liver
d. pancreas
Permanent cells
a. divide and replace damaged cells in replacement tissue repair
b. form granulation tissue.
c. are responsible for removing scar tissue.
d. are usually replaced by a different cell type if they are destroyed.
