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WorksheetsZIGLY WIGLU
Total questions: 69
Worksheet time: 37mins
How many hydrogen bonds link a cytosine to a guanine in a double stranded DNA fragment?
Zero
one
two
three
A hypothesis...
Is based upon observation
Does not need further investigation
Must be testable
Must be falsifiable
The endoplasmic reticulum membranes of cells often appear to have a rough, granular surface. This granularity reflects the interaction of (a) with the endoplasmic reticulum.
Mutations in DNA
always result in a change in the amino acid sequence
are always deleterious
are always beneficial
are the raw material for evolution and may be beneficial or deleterious
In science, a theory is
A broad explanation for a wide variety of phenomena, supported by many lines of evidence
A generalisation about data; a statement of relationships between variables
An educated guess
A hunch based on observation
If you wanted to use a radioactive or fluorescent tag to label only the RNA in a cell and not the DNA, what compound(s) could you label that is/are specific for RNA?
i. Adenine ii. Thymine iii. Cytosine iv. Guanine
v. Uracil vi. Ribose
vii. Deoxyribose viii. Phosphorus (phosphate)
i,ii,iii and iv only
vii only
v or vi
None of the above
Which of these sentences most accurately describes heterochromatin?
It consists mainly of DNA that is more densely packed and that is actively being repressed (silenced)
It consists mainly of more densely packed DNA
It consists mainly of DNA being actively repressed
It consists mainly of DNA being actively transcribed
Gregor Mendel's experiments laid the basis for our current understanding of
The structure of DNA
The organisation of chromosomes
The existence of heritable factors which are passed between generations
The fact that DNA is the basis of inheritance
What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes?
To cleave nucleic acids at specific sites
To repair breaks in sugar-phosphate backbones
To add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA
To join nucleotides during replication
What mechanism enables different proteins to be coded for by the same gene?
Alternate splicing
Translation
DNA replication
Elongation
A nucleotide is composed of
A string of amino acids, linked by hydrogen bonds
A double helix consisting of two antiparallel strings
A common central carbon-based ring attached to a side chain (R group)
A sugar and a phosphate molecule attached to a nitrogenous base
Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Lysosomes
tRNAs move through sites within the ribosome in which order?
P-E-A
P-A-E
A-P-E
A-E-P
Which of the following statements is true?
Eukaryotic chromosomes are single, linear DNA molecules
Eukaryotic cells only have DNA in the nucleus
Eukaryotic chromosomes are often supplemented by plasmids
Prokaryotic chromosomes are single, linear DNA molecules
If proteins were composed of only 12 different kinds of amino acids, what would be the smallest possible codon size in a genetic system with four different nucleotides?
1
2
3
4
A nonsense mutation is
when a change in the DNA sequence results in a change in the amino acid sequence
when a change in the DNA sequence does not result in a change in the amino acid
sequence
when the frame of codons that are translated into amino acids changes
when a premature stop codon occurs
What is the complementary DNA strand of the sequence 5’CCGATTACC3’ ?
5’GGCTAATGG3’
5’GGCUAAUGG3’
3’GGCUAAUGG5’
3’GGCTAATGG5’
Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe mRNA?
It has a ribose sugar group
Unlike DNA, mRNA does not contain phosphates
It uses uracil instead of thymine
It is usually single stranded
A frameshift mutation is
when a change in the DNA sequence results in only one change in the amino acid sequence
when a change in the DNA sequence does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence
when a premature stop codon occurs
when the frame of codons that are translated into amino acids changes
Which answer is most correct: Polypeptides are chains of
Amino acids
Ribosomes
Nucleosomes
Polysomes
Paramecium have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment
Is contaminated with pollutants
Contains a higher concentration of solutes than the Paramecium
Contains a lower concentration of solutes than the Paramecium
Is isotonic to the Paramecium
Eukaryotic cells possess which of the following traits?
A nucleus
Chromosomes that float freely in the cytoplasm
Membrane-bound organelles
circular dna
When you translate from protein back to DNA, what is the outcome?
A piece of messenger RNA with introns
Only one DNA sequence is possible and correct
A number of different DNA sequences are possible and correct
There is no information on the number and length of introns
The technique of determining the concentrations of molecules by measuring the amount of light they absorb is called
Precipitation
Electrophoresis
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
Spectrophotometry
A repressible operon is usually
on and switched off when high levels of the end-product are present
on and switched off when low levels of the end-product are present
off and switched on when high levels of the end-product are present
off and switched on when low levels of the end-product are present
The codon CUU codes for the amino acid leucine. What is the correct anticodon sequence on the tRNA molecule that carries leucine?
5’UUC3’
3’UUC5’
5’GAA3’
3’GAA5’
A change in populations through natural selection is called
Kinship
Regression
Adaptation
Maladaptation
In eukaryotes, cell-specific gene transcription occurs because
all the genes required are present on an operon
activator proteins vary by cell type
specific RNA polymerases occur in each cell type
During transcription, in which direction does RNA polymerase move along the template DNA strand?
Right to left
Left to right
5’to3’
3’to5’
Directional selection occurs when
Individuals are under no selection pressure
Selection is directed by the cell cycle
Individuals with traits at one extreme are favoured over the other
Individuals are not favoured in any way
Genetic drift most likely occurs in populations that are
Large
Medium sized
Small
Not evolved
Totipotent stem cells:
can be recovered from any cell type
can give rise to a completely new individual
are restricted to differentiating into a limited number of cell types
are present in blood
A proto-oncogene is
a gene coding for the ribosome
a gene found in oocytes
the normal version of a gene that through mutation can cause cancer
a gene found in sperm
What is a gene pool?
A transport system for DNA
The entire genetic content of a population, every allele
A re-arrangement of exons, also called exon shuffling
The area in the nucleus for ribosomal RNA transcription
The equation for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that at a locus with two alleles (p and q), the three genotypes will appear in the following proportions
2p+2q
p+2pq+q
4 3 p+2pq+4 3 q
p 2 +2pq+q 2
What is the purpose of a phylogeny?
To show how DNA is replicated in the cell of an organism
To show the different types of mutations that occur in cells
To reveal the evolutionary relationships of organisms
To reveal the flow of biological information in a cell
When adding Coomassie brilliant blue to a sample of protein solution in a cuvette and measuring the sample in a spectrophotometer, what do we measure
The number of stained antibodies
The concentration of protein and fat added together
The concentration of all proteins together
The number of different proteins in the sample
The organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has
one flagella
two flagella
one cilia
two cilia
The movement of (a) enables microtubules to slide and flagella to bend
The enzyme β-galactosidase cleaves
sucrose into glucose and galactose
sucrose into galactose
lactose into glucose
lactose into glucose and galactose
Below is a diagram of a phylogeny (phylogenetic tree) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Letters A, B, C and D represent different species. Which two species are the least related to each other?
D and C
D and B
D and A
C and B
Introns are
Non-protein-coding regions in eukaryotic genes
Control sequences for eukaryotic genes
DNA sequences which indicate the end of transcription
Circular DNA structures floating free in a prokaryotic cell
When performing a Gram stain on a mixture of bacteria
gram positive cells stain purple because they have a thick peptidoglycan layer and retain crystal violet
gram positive cells stain red because they have a thick peptidoglycan layer and retain crystal violet
gram positive cells stain purple because they have a thin peptidoglycan layer and retain crystal violet
gram positive cells stain red because they have a thin peptidoglycan layer and retain crystal violet
In an operon
Multiple coding sequences are under the control of a single promoter, and are therefore transcribed together
Multiple coding sequences each have a copy of the same promoter, and are therefore transcribed together
Multiple eukaryotic coding sequences produce the enzymes for a specific pathway
Coding sequences from different organisms are brought together to form a new,
synthetic pathway
Which statement about meiosis or mitosis is true?
Meiosis produces daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Mitosis produces daughter cells with twice the number of chromosomes as the parent
cell
Mitosis produces daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent
cell
Prokaryotes predominantly reproduce via
sexual reproduction
transduction
binary fission
meiosis
The process of meiosis leads to
The production of two identical diploid daughter cells
The repair of a damaged genome within a cell
Large-scale mutations which produce rapid evolution
The production of four, dissimilar haploid cells
In replication, new DNA strands are produced in the following direction
5'to3'
3'to5'
It can occur in any direction
It depends on whether Okazaki fragments are present
A dominant allele is one which
Is expressed whenever there are two copies of it present
May or may not be expressed, depending upon the other allelles present
Is only expressed if carried on the sex chromosomes
Is expressed whenever it is present
If a homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant, what proportion of offspring would be homozygous?
1/4
3/4
1⁄2
one
Which of these is NOT a component of the lac operon?
LacA,Y and Z genes
Promoter
Regulatory gene (LacI)
Operator
Consider the following sentence: "The dog did not eat." Which of the following variations of this sentence is most like a base substitution mutation?
The dog dog did not eat
The doe did not eat
The dog did not
The did dog not eat
After DNA replication is completed
Each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand
There are four double helices
Each of the four DNA strands consists of some old strand parts and some new strand
parts
One DNA double helix consists of two old strands and one DNA double helix consists of two new strands
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is
A zygote
A sperm
A somatic cell of a female
A somatic cell of a male
A man with type A blood marries a woman with type B blood. Their child has type O blood. What is the genotype of the woman?
OO
AO
BO
AB
Which stage of mitosis involves the movement of each sister chromatid to the opposite pole of the cell
anaphase
metaphase
prometaphase
interphase
Individuals that disperse and establish a new population with a subset of alleles from the original population is termed
random genetic drift
natural selection
genome duplication
founder effect
In crossing over during meiosis
homologous portions of two sister chromatids trade places
homologous portions of two non-sister chromatids trade places
non-homologous portions of two non-sister chromatids trade places
non-homologous portions of two sister chromatids trade places
What is the Polymerase Chain Reaction used for?
To quickly express many proteins from a single gene
To create many copies of a fragment of DNA
To link multiple fragments of DNA together
To cleave DNA at a specific sequence
When sequencing DNA, what role do ddNTPs play?
It terminates DNA synthesis
It allows extension of the growing DNA fragment
It is radio labelled so that the DNA sequence can be determined
Both a and c
Pleiotropy is
a cancer-causing gene
a stage in meiosis
when a sperm cell fertilises an egg
when a single gene determines multiple traits
What is the inheritance pattern of cystic fibrosis?
Autosomal dominant
X-linked recessive
Autosomal recessive
Y-linked
Some ethnic groups have higher frequencies of particular disease-causing alleles. This could be explained by:
Bottleneck events in the group’s history
The founder effect
Heterozygote advantage
All of the above
Which of the following is the most fundamental technology which allowed for the synthetic biology approach?
Next-generation DNA sequencing
Sequence-designed DNA synthesis
Gibson Assembly
CRISPR
In synthetic biology, what does modularity refer to?
Having a database of biological parts
Correct ordering of promoter, gene, terminator
A set of standards to make all parts compatible
Training modules used to educate scientists
What would a female on a pedigree be represented by
Circle
square
triange
star
what would a male on a pedigree be represented by
circle
square
triangle
heart
Briefly name/describe three parts of meiosis/sexual reproduction which generally result in offspring of the same parents inheriting different DNA
Crossing over - In prophase I - part of one chromosome is exchanged with another
independent assortment of chromosomes
random fertilisation - where the chromosomes move randomly to separate poles during meiosis
recombination
What are the main differences between cells produced via meiosis and mitosis?
Meiosis produces 4 non identical cells whereas mitosis produces 2 identical cells
meiosis cells are haploid
mitosis cells are diploid
mitosis is first
