It gives direction to the study and makes your research more systematized.

Each design has different purposes; the one you choose can potentially affect your findings.

Is the process of selecting and getting the respondents of the study at the minimum cost such that resulting observation will be  representative of the entire population.

Are the data-gathering devices that will be used in the study.

It is a testing device for measuring a given phenomenon, such as a paper and pencil test, questionnaire, interviews, research tools, or a set of guidelines for observation.

Is the technique utilized for analyzing the data gathered.

In Qualitative Research, the analysis of data may be statistical in nature or it may be deterministic.

This type of design uses statistical analysis and mathematical computations in order to generate a conclusion.

Quantitative Research Design commonly follow a similar format with a few minor alterations depending on the type of study and approach to be used.

It is to describe the status of an identified variable such as events, people or subject as they exist.

It aims to study the connection between two variables. The researcher would want to know how a certain variable can affect the other.

Correlational Research is not different from causation; there may be no direct cause-and-effect relationship between the variables.

It uses interviews, questionnaires, polls, and other similar instruments in order to gather data.

These are usually distributes to a random simple in a population in order to obtain accurate data.

In survey research, data can be collected in a variety of ways in person, on social media, e-mail, on the phone, and many more.

It is used in order to verify a suspected cause-and-effect relationship between variables.

In casual-comparative research, it does not compare the variable but it does focus on the relationship.

The design requires two groups of equivalent standing in terms of a criterion measure such as achievement or mental ability.

In experimental conditions where a limited number of subjects are available, the single group pretest-posttest design may be used.

In this design the subjects are randomly assigned to two study groups and two control groups.

It is an experimental Bias which pertains to the tendency of the subjects in the control group to perceive, themselves at a disadvantages, thus working harder to outperform the experimental group.

It is a small part of the population.

It is meant to represent that population as a whole for the study that is being conducted.

Opportunity sampling is also called as

This method involves selecting respondents who are willing to participate in the study. This is the fastest way to collect data but it is prone to biases.

The researchers cannot claim that their sample represents the entire population.

The Voluntary response sampling is not a type of sample that is made up of self-chose participants

These participants volunteer to take part in different research studies to share their opinions on topics that interests them.

It is made up of persons who volunteer to take research surveys, these persons choose to respond to surveys because they may have a particularly strong opinion towards the subject due to the convenience of joining to research study and ethical reasons. Participants opt to make up a voluntary response sample.

In Simple Random Sampling, every single member of the population has an equal chance to get selected as a respondent.

It requires the researcher to name or number the entire population and select randomly from them.

This is the best method of selecting sample since it eliminates bias and it represents the entire population. However, this method is hard to do.

The population is divided into different groups then the researchers would take an unequal number of people to represent each of the groups.

The stratified sampling is a type of method that can be  easily accomplish. However, it gives a good representation of the population.

All of the members of the population are listed and numbered. The researchers ten take every nth member of a population. This can represent the entire population but it is difficult to do.

An important part of the research study is the ________ in gathering the data because the quality of research output depends to a larger extent on the quality of the research instruments used.

It is the generic term that researchers use for a measurement device like a survey, test, questionnaire, and many others.

There are two broad categories of instruments namely;

Involve looking into the purpose, objectives, research questions, and hypothesis of your research to have a good idea of what type of data to collect.

Involves formulating some questions and statements for the questionnaire.

The contents from the framework and the review of related literature are converted into question that can be used to gather data.

In Questionnaire Conceptualization, questions must also be aligned with the objectives of the study.

Involves writing the statements and questions. You will develop a way to measure and quantify the data that you will gather.

These are called the scales of measurement. You will also create a format for your questionnaire; this includes your medium, the layout, the font style, and the font size.

Involves looking over your draft and making sure that it will be able to measure the data correctly and properly. The following questions can serve as a guide for you to make sure that the questionnaire is done correctly.

Involves making sure that the questionnaire is reliable. This means making sure that the questionnaire is accurate and precise in collecting and measuring data. In order to do this, the researchers can do a pilot test, wherein they will give out the questionnaire to a few people to make sure that it will perform correctly.

First-hand data.

Collected by someone else and has already passed statistical processes.

Attempts to understand cause-and-effect relationships.

Executed by the observer going directly to the field to observe the surroundings to gather data.

When observations is done by characterizing the style of recording the observed information, standardized condition of observation, the definition of the units to be observed, selection of applicable data of observation.

Observation is done without planning before observation.

The observer is part of the group in which he is observing.

The observer is observing people without giving any notice or information to them.

When the observation is done in a natural setting and it's done to get a spontaneous results.

When an observation takes place in accordance with planning with the experimental procedure

An oral verbal method in which the interviewer asks questions directly to the interviewee which aims to gets information relevant to the study.

An interview can be can be in-depth, semi-structured, or unstructured, depending on the information being sought.

An Interview cannot be conducted face-to face or by telephone.

One of the common methods of diagnosing and solving social problems.

Captures information through the input of responses to a research instrument containing questions.

In survey, information can be put either to the respondents themselves or the researcher can input the data.

A process inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of underlining essential information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making.

The process which follows data collection.

Collected data pass through the process of cleaning to remove ambiguous elements. Content analysis is also applied to capture information from the open-ended questions which are subject to quantification in a quantitative research.

Refers to the process of assigning numerals or other symbols to answer so that responses can be put into limited number of categories.

A vital step that transforms collected data into values suitable for computer and statistical analysis.

Tables and figures are used to summarize the coded data. When using computer programs sush as ms excel or advanced statistical packages like spss or minitab software, functions are provided within the program for summarizing data into either tables or figures.

In Data Cleaning, quantitative data is summarized in order to help theprocess of data presentations which involves the use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviation.

Data are also presented using inferential statistics such as t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA), regression, factor analysis among others depending on the study design. 

It involves the provision of comments on the results obtained from the investigation. It is done based on the key findings of the study.

It requires deep understanding of literature and  issues under investigation.

In Data Interpretation and Discussion, the interpretation of the data must be within the framework of what the data analyzed, suggests and not an exaggeration. Statements that are not justified by the data do undermine the credibility of what is being presented. As such, interpretation should be done in context and supported by literature

It is the core of every paper as it is proved that the scientific method was used. Through this section, their study’s validity is judged.

The methodology must answer 2 questions: How did you collect or generate data? And How did you analyze the data?

Write the place where the study will be conducted. Indicate the population/respondents of the study.

 Right a brief description about the respondents of the study.

Write where your sample population will be taken.

Write your sample population and any limitation/ restriction,  if any.

Write about those who will not be included in your study.

Include a table if needed to show the breakdown of your respondents.

Write the name/title I'm the instrument to be used in your study.

Write a description of the instrument. What is it, what it intends to measure, what are its components.

Write something about its validity and reliability.

Write about what will be the scoring procedure.

Write how the score will be interpreted.

Discuss how the researcher will be gathering data.

To whom permission will be secure?

What will be done with the collected data?

How will the data be analyzed?

What statistical treatment will be used to answer  each of the research question?

Write the formula for each and the source for the formula.

It is not important to give the reason for choosing the statistical analysis and for what purpose