Insects can get trapped in tree sap. Hardened sap is called _______

All living things contain the element carbon. Some plant tissues get preserved as _____ films in rock.

Footprints are examples of _______ fossils.

Trace fossils like footprints show that an animal was there, even though none of its parts were preserved .

A whole organisms like a baby mammoth was frozen in ice. It’s soft tissues were ______ along with its bones and teeth.

The preserved remains or traces of a living thing is called a fossil.

Fossils can be made of an organisms hard parts but NOT of its soft parts.

Hard parts of a fossil include

Soft parts are rare as fossils because bacteria quickly breaks down the soft tissue, but soft parts are tissues such as

Another way fossils form occurs as minerals such as quartz, replace the shell or plant material that made up the organism. This is how ______ wood forms. The replacement is so perfect that even the gratin and bark are visible.

Leaving a hollow space when a leaf is pressed into soft mud is known as a mold.

A cast DOES NOT form if the mild is later filled with mud that hardens.

energy rich resource formed from the buried remains of once living organisms is a

Coal forms from dead plants

Oil and natural gas take millions of years to form

Scientist who study fossils are called paleontologists

The woolly mammoth is related to modern elephants

Paleontologist study fossils to learn what life on _____ was life long ago.

Organisms that look like as if they have not changed much over time are sometimes called ______ fossils.

Today fish have jaws but not armor

A carbon film can be footprints preserved in rock

A _____ forms when a shell leaves its shape in the mud

A ______ is a scientist who studies fossils

Coal, oil and gas are _____ fossils

The preserved remains or traces of a once living organism is a _____

A fossil leaf that is made up of carbon preserved between two rock layers is called a ____ fuel

A cast forms when _____ fills a mold and hardens

A ______ forms when minerals replace the plant material in a piece of wood.

Organisms die and settle on the bottom of a lake or ocean then sediment buries the organisms and the soft parts decay and the hard parts are preserved

Kinds of fossils

How cool forms: plants die, settle to the bottom of a lake or pond and are buried then

How oil and natural gas form

The _____ age of a layer of rock is the age of that layer when you compare it to other layers, older, younger or the same.

Scientists use _____ they find in rocks to help figure out the relative age of rock layers

So the fossil record does not contain information about Earth’s history and the history of life on Earth

The Mesozoic Era is known as the Age of ______

Large tree ferns were common during the late Paleozoic Era. Trilobites were so common that the earliest part of the Paleozoic was called the Age of _____

all the rocks on earth are a record of earth’s long history. Scientists developed the ______ time scale to divide Earth’s history into manageable units.

Some fossils are more help than others. _____ fossils help to identify a very short period of Earth’s history.

index fossil must meet 4 requirements: the organisms from which they formed, the organism must have had a large population, fossils must be widespread and fossils must be easily recognized

______ are fossils of a small lizard like reptile

The PRESENCE of a single landmass explains why _______ is found in so many places.

With the continents all in one piece, Mesosaurus could move across the land.

Long ago, all of Earth’s land formed one giant ______, Pangea.

Fossils of the same kind and age that are found in different places support the idea that the continents were once ____.

The climate in La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles California has not changed much in over the last _______ years.

In the Falls of Ohio in Indiana, the rocks are filled with ______ of coral, clams and other organisms that lived in shallow, warm and tropical seas.

The fossils in the Falls of Ohio show that the climate in this are has ____ a lot over the last 380 million years.

Which of these can cause mass extinctions?

Changes in climate occurred that were similar to those causes by large volcanic eruptions. These changes may have caused the _____ of many animals, including the last of the dinosaurs.

can be used to help identify the relative age of a rock layer

unit of time that contains the Age of Dinosaurs

Occurs when many species die out at the same time

a geologic chart divides Earth’s history into units

Common fossil animal from the Paleozoic

Used to describe if a fossil is older or younger than another fossil

All of the fossils in earth’s rock layers

Giant continent that existed in Earth’s past

The units of the geologic time scale are defined by the fossils that are in the rocks.

The relative age of a fossil DOES NOT tell whether it is younger or older than another fossil

Rocks that contain fossils of brachiopods, crinoids and jawless fish formed in _____ environment

The Ice Age is known for the large number of animals such as saber toothed cat that were able to live in cold environments.

The 4 requirements of Index fossils are: must be found over a large area, be easily recognized, lived during a geologically _____ period of time and have large populations

Support for continental drift includes _____ fossils on the ____ continents.

Fossils of the reptile Mesosaurus are used to explain the movement of continents because this reptile lived in fresh water and could not swim across the salt water

When volcanic eruptions send dust and ash into the air, ______ can occur