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Marine Bio: Food Webs/Ecology

Total questions: 66

Worksheet time: 2hrs 12mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

This dissolved gas is critical for respiration. It makes up 21% of the atmosphere but only 4-6ppm in the ocean.

a)

oxygen

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

nitrogen

2.

This dissolved gas is only about 0.39% of atmospheric gases and is also very low in the ocean, but is critical to photosynthesis.

a)

oxygen

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

nitrogen

3.

This dissolved gas is 78% of the atmosphere but because it is not very soluble in seawater, ocean concentrations are very low.

a)

oxygen

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

nitrogen

4.

How long ago was the great oxygenation event?

a)

2.4 bya

b)

3.8 bya

c)

4.2 bya

d)

2.7 bya

5.

Which of the following are true? These are not total values, they are the amount of energy at any moment.

a)

Sun energy: 174,000 kW

b)

Human consumption: 9.6 tW

c)

Sun energy: 52,000 kW

d)

Human consumption: 100 tW

6.

What is the projected energy use increase by 2040?

a)

30%

b)

100%

c)

70%

d)

150%

7.

True or False. Terrestrial plants cycle more CO2 than marine algae.

a)

False, they cycle about the same amount.

b)

True

c)

False, marine algae cycles more.

8.

Which of the following is not a building block of life?

a)

Carbon

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Oxygen

e)

Helium

9.

Carbon fixation is...

a)

the process of turning carbon into organic compounds

b)

the process of breaking down organic compounds into carbon

c)

the process of turning carbon14 into carbon12 for plant use

d)

the process of turning CO2 into carbon molecules

10.

Primary producers use this to create proteins and nucleic acids.

a)

nitrogen

b)

phosphorus

c)

silica

d)

iron

11.

This substance is used for ATP production.

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Phosphorus

c)

Silica

d)

Iron

12.

Diatoms, radiolarians, and some flagellates use this to make their shells.

a)

nitrogen

b)

phosphorus

c)

silica

d)

iron

13.

The efficiency of energy transfar in herbivores is about...

a)

20%

b)

10-15%

c)

80-90%

14.

The energy efficiency of carnivores is about...

a)

20%

b)

10-15%

c)

80-90%

15.

The amount of energy lost to cellular respiration is about...

a)

20%

b)

10-15%

c)

80-90%

16.

We assume that the energy transfer between trophic levels is...

a)

10%

b)

20%

c)

15%

d)

25%

17.

Which of the following are autotrophs?

a)

Radiolarians

b)

Foraminifera

c)

Diatoms

d)

Dinoflagellates

18.

A dolphin is an example of...

a)

nekton

b)

benthos

c)

net zooplankton

d)

macroplankton

19.

What is true of all plankton (zoo or phyto)?

a)

cannot swim under power, drift in currents

b)

can oppose currents

c)

microscopic organisms

d)

use photosynthesis

20.

Planktonic for entire life cycle

a)

Holoplankton

b)

Meroplankton

21.

Planktonic for only part of the life cycle.

a)

Holoplankton

b)

Meroplankton

22.

Carotenoids and flavenoids produce which color pigment?

a)

green

b)

yellow

c)

orange

d)

red

23.

Carotenoids produce which color?

a)

green

b)

yellow

c)

red

d)

orange

24.

Anthocyanins and carotenoids produce what color?

a)

green

b)

yellow

c)

orange

d)

red

25.

Which of the following can fix nitrogen?

a)

cyanobacteria

b)

diatoms

c)

foraminifera

d)

dinoflagellates

26.

True or False. Prokaryotes can be photosynths or decomposers.

a)

True

b)

False, only photosynths

c)

False, only decomposers

27.

Which of the following is true of cyanobacteria?

a)

Most abundant picoplankton

b)

50% of total primary production

c)

Includes prochlorochoccus and synechococcus

d)

Most abundant microplankton

e)

Includes diatoms and dinoflagellates

28.

Which of the following is true of procholococcus?

a)

Discovered in 1986 because the energy balance did not add up.

b)

1/5 breaths is the result of their photosynthesis.

c)

More common in nutrient poor areas

d)

More common in nutrient rich areas

e)

Discovered in 1979

29.

Which cyanobacteria would you be more likely to find off of the coast of Newfoundland?

a)

Procholorcoccus

b)

Synechococcus

30.

What are the most active areas of the ocean?

a)

Mid-latitudes

b)

High latitudes, near poles

c)

Off of coasts

d)

Mid-Oceans

31.

Which of the following make stromatalites?

a)

cyanobacteria

b)

diatoms

c)

silicaflagellates

d)

dinoflagellates

32.

Which of the following are the primary net plankton?

a)

Diatoms

b)

Dinoflagellates

c)

Radiolarians

d)

Cyanobacteria

33.

Which of the following is true of both diatoms and dinoflagellates?

a)

unicellular

b)

producers

c)

2 flagella

d)

predominant net plankton

e)

zooplankton

34.

Which of the following is true of diatoms?

a)

silica cell walls called frustules

b)

2 flagella

c)

1,200 species

d)

12,000 species

e)

contain carotenoid pigments

35.

Which of the following is true of dinoflagellates?

a)

have silica cell walls (frustules)

b)

have cellulose cell walls

c)

1,200 species

d)

contain HABs, which cause red tides

e)

include zooxanthellae, which can be symbiotic with corals

36.

90% of the energy in the epipelagic zone and 50% of ocean energy overall come from...

a)

picoplankton

b)

cyanobacteria

c)

net plankton

d)

diatoms and dinoflagellates

37.

Which of the following is true of coccolithophores?

a)

Have calcium carbonate coccoliths for structure

b)

nanoplankton

c)

zooplankton

d)

have chl a and flavenoids

e)

Have Chl a and c, as well as carotenoids

38.

Zooplankton can be which of the following?

a)

herbivores

b)

omnivores

c)

carnivores

d)

photosynths

39.

What is the dominant net zooplankton?

a)

foraminifera

b)

radiolarians

c)

copepods

d)

larval crustaceans

40.

Which of the following is true of copepods?

a)

331 genera and 2557 species

b)

85 species

c)

euphanasia is the largest genus

d)

dominant net zooplankton

41.

Which of the following is true of krill?

a)

331 genera and 2557 species

b)

85 species

c)

dominant net zooplankton

d)

euphanasia is the largest genus

42.

Which group has the largest biomass and the largest single taxon?

a)

cyanobacteria

b)

diatoms

c)

krill

d)

copepods

43.

Which group is the most abundant overall in the ocean?

a)

cyanobacteria

b)

krill

c)

copepods

d)

diatoms

44.

production = difference biomass/difference time

a)

secondary production

b)

primary production

c)

trophic cascade

d)

trophic efficiency

45.

Which of the following applies to viruses?

a)

protozoans

b)

bacteria

c)

cannot make own proteins

d)

acellular

e)

do not grow

46.

Which of the following is the most abundant entity in the ocean?

a)

virus

b)

cyanobacteria

c)

diatom

d)

krill

47.

94% of microbe abundance and 5% of the biomass is...

a)

viruses

b)

cyanobacteria

c)

diatoms

d)

krill

48.

DOM holds ____ times the amount of carbon as marine biomass.

a)

200

b)

20

c)

2000

d)

2

49.

This protozoan is benthic, has a calcium carbonate test, and is an important part of marine sediments.

a)

foraminiferan

b)

radiolarian

c)

ciliate

d)

coccolithophore

50.

This protozoan is a carnivorous zooplankton and has silica skeletons, but does not have cilia.

a)

radiolarians

b)

foraminiferans

c)

ciliates

d)

coccolithophores

51.

This protozoan is a carnivorous zooplankton, has cilia for locomotion and feeding, and plays an important role in the microbial loop.

a)

Foraminiferans

b)

Radiolarians

c)

Ciliates

d)

Coccolithophore

52.

Which of the following are protozoan zooplankton?

a)

foraminiferans

b)

copepods

c)

radiolarians

d)

ciliates

e)

coccolithophores

53.

Where is the oxygen minimum zone?

a)

just past 200 m

b)

meso

c)

just past 1000m

d)

bathy

54.

In the microbial loop, which of the following gets dead material back into the larger food web?

a)

Protozoan grazers

b)

Photosynths

c)

Zooplankton

d)

Net Plankton

55.

No upwellings would lead to...

a)

a drop in nutrients

b)

decreased photosynthesis

c)

depleted oxygen

d)

increased oxygen

e)

increased nutrients

56.

Upwellings occur best along...

a)

cold waters

b)

large continental shelves

c)

small continental shelves

d)

warm waters

57.

Which of the following is true of the biomass distribution in the ocean?

a)

Large increase at surface

b)

Small increase at benthic zone

c)

Large increase at benthic zone

d)

Constant all the way down

e)

Small increase in the mesopelagic zone

58.

Which of the following make up half of the total biomass in surface waters?

a)

Diatoms

b)

Copepods

c)

Viruses

d)

Protists

59.

Dissolved Organic Matter can come from...

a)

leaky phytoplankton

b)

zooplankton eating

c)

viruses exploding organisms

d)

bacterial breakdown of larger stuff

60.

Ciliates, foraminiferans, radiolarians, copepods, and krill are all examples of...

a)

nekton

b)

phytoplankton

c)

zooplankton

d)

cynobacteria

61.

Where are coccolithophores most commonly found?

a)

polar and temperate waters

b)

warm waters

c)

tropical waters

62.

Where are dinoflagellates most commonly found?

a)

temperate and polar waters

b)

tropical waters

c)

warm waters

63.

Where are diatoms most commonly found?

a)

tropical waters

b)

temperate and polar waters

c)

warm waters

64.

Diatoms and Dynoflagellates are examples of...

a)

net plankton

b)

cynobacteria

c)

picoplankton

d)

microplankton

e)

autotrophs

65.

Which of the following are true of stromatalites?

a)

They are extinct

b)

They are layers of calcium carbonate in mats of bacteria

c)

They are made of cyanobacteria

d)

They are made of diatoms

e)

They have layers of siliceous sediments from diatom shells.

66.

Hydrothermal vent communities get their energy from...

a)

pigment-driven light energy

b)

bateria-driven sulfide energy

c)

photosynthesis

d)

chemosynthesis

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