understanding of basic psychological phenomenon

shedding light on solutions to real-world problems

- greater control

- participants are studied easier

- mostly BASIC res

- outside of lab

- ecologically valid

- researcher has less control

- mostly APPLIED res

discover ideas, observe/interpret data

test hypothesis, measure, and test

defines how construct operates in an experiment

how does using different operational defs for the same concept strengthen conclusions about a phenomenon? (converging operations)

good theory is ...

attempt to replicate using the same procedure

changing some aspects of a procedure and getting the same results

how a study mirrors real-life

how well a study immerses participants into a study

data presented as analytical narratives

data presented in the form of numbers

which of the following are defining characteristics of a theory?

hypothetical/not directly observed phenomenon

according to aronson, it is generally true that an experiment with __________ realism has more value to science than a study with __________ realism.

skinner produced his first extinction curves when the food magazine accidentally broke; this event illustrates the phenomenon of ____________.

used to test aspects of a procedure to make sure everything runs smoothly

making sure intended manipulations in a study have the desired affect

logical process of reasoning from specific events

discovering something entirely new when looking for something else

hypotheses are derived from theory through the logical process of ________.

a dog’s escape behavior could be the result of trial-and-error learning or it could be an example of sophisticated reasoning and planning by the dog. the first explanation is more ___________ than the second.

a researcher is trying to design a study to rule out the possibility that a rat needs its sense of smell to learn a maze. this is an example of what popper called a ___________ strategy.

the perception of inconsistency leads to a state of “cognitive dissonance,” according to festinger. the term “cognitive dissonance” is an example of a _________.

the theory of cognitive dissonance, proposed in the 1950s, is still leading to predictions that result in research. that is, on the criterion of _________ the theory has been a very good one.

a general category of research that de-emphasizes the importance of statistical analysis is known as ___________ research.

   ___________ thinking occurs in science when a researcher sees a connection between two seemingly unrelated ideas.

jack has developed an elaborate procedure for a study on cognitive mapping. before starting the experiment, he collects data on a few people to determine if his procedure is appropriate and understandable to participants. that is, Jack has conducted a _____________.

after reading about a study on language development that compared two- and three-year olds, a researcher decides to repeat the study, but add a third group—four-year olds. That is, the study includes both replication and _________.

a good ___________ will describe a construct in terms of a specific and easily measurable behavior.

someone who appears to be part of the normal environment but is actually part of the study

the researcher defines how the concepts to be studied operate in an experiment

used to show that Clever Hans couldn’t do math

milgram's study had plenty of this

adequate explanation given with the fewest assumptions

summarizes existing knowledge

inferred from behavior

designed for problem solving

move from specific findings to broad conclusions

increases confidence in the validity of a study