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Geologic Time

Total questions: 48

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which type of rocks are associated with the Law of Superposition?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Fossils

d)

Metamorphic

2.

How old do Paleontologists believe the Earth is?

a)

2019 years old

b)

3.6 billion years old

c)

4.6 billion years old

d)

4.6 million years old

3.
The Geologic Time Scale is a record of what?
a)
old geologists
b)
sweet geology music
c)
the known history of rocks and fossils
d)
a list of every living thing ever
4.
Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true?
a)
all organisms become fossils
b)
organisms having soft body parts make up most of the fossils
c)
all organisms that have shells become fossils
d)
the fossil record is incomplete
5.
The Law of Superposition helps scientists to determine what?
a)
The absolute age of rock layers
b)
The age of fossils
c)
The relative age of rock layers
d)
the super powers of rocks
6.
What type of rock do fossils form in?
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Metamorphic
d)
Classic
7.
Why is the fossil record incomplete?
a)
fossils get eroded away over time
b)
most organisms never became fossils
c)
scavengers and decomposers eat them too quickly
d)
all of the above
8.

Analyze the layers of undisturbed sedimentary rock. Which layer of sedimentary rock is oldest?

a)

Q

b)

R

c)

S

d)

T

e)

U

9.

What is the oldest organism on the geologic time scale?

a)

primitive horses

b)

sea scorpions

c)

giant insects

d)

trilobites

10.

Which of the following orders the rock layers accurately from oldest to youngest?

a)

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

b)

5, 4, 3, 2, 1

c)

2, 3, 4, 5, 1

d)

1, 2, 3, 5, 4

11.

Which of the following occurred relatively most recently?

a)

Fault A

b)

Intrusion B

c)

Folding

d)

Intrusion D

12.
Which fossil is relatively the oldest?
a)
Trilobite
b)
Ammonite
c)
Crinoid
d)
Gastropod
13.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
14.
Which rock layer in the diagram seems to be the oldest?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
A
15.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
16.

Which of the following offers a possible list of the layers in order from oldest to youngest?

a)

A, B, C, D, E

b)

E, C, B, D, A

c)

E, D, C, B, A

d)

C, B, A, D, E

17.

Which rock layer was deposited first, and is the oldest rock, in this diagram?

a)

B

b)

C

c)

D

d)

E

18.

What is the youngest layer in the diagram?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

19.

Which of the following answer choices happened most recently?

a)

Deposition of Units E and F

b)

Deposition of Units A and B

c)

Tilting of Units C, D, E, and F

d)

Deposition of Units C and D

20.

Look at the diagram, what layer did animal E first show up in?

a)

Layer #4

b)

Layer #5

c)

Layer #6

d)

Layer #8

21.

The number of years that have passed since the rock formed is the rock's ____ age, or its actual age.

a)

relative

b)

law of superposition

c)

absolute

d)

index fossil

22.

The age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks is the rock's

a)

absolute age

b)

geologic age

c)

sedimentary age

d)

relative age

23.

A break or a gap in the geologic record when rock layers are eroded over a long period of time, "losing" those rocks

a)

fault

b)

fold

c)

unconformity

d)

cross-cutting

24.

Layer B on Site #1 (left) is a match to which layer on Site #2 (right)?

a)

z

b)

y

c)

w

d)

there is no match

25.
Letter "F" is a....
a)
inclusion
b)
intrusion
c)
fault
d)
unconformity 
26.

Most geologists rejected Wegener's idea of Continental Drift because _________.

a)

He used too many pieces of evidence to support the idea.

b)

He wanted to know what Earth looked like millions of years ago, which is impossible.

c)

He couldn't identify what would cause continents to move around.

d)

They were afraid of the new idea.

27.

Who first proposed the idea of Continental Drift?

a)

Harry Hess

b)

Alfred Wegener

c)

Albert Einstein

d)

Galileo Galilee

28.

What did Wegener name the large supercontinent where all the continents were joined together?

a)

Wegenerland

b)

Gondwanaland

c)

Laurasia

d)

Pangaea

29.

Wegener used matching matching fossils of the same organisms on different continents as evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift.

a)

true

b)

false

30.

Which of the following were peices of evidence used by Alfred Wegener to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift? (choose ALL that apply)

a)

fit of the continents

b)

matching rocks and mountains across continents

c)

matching fossils across continents

d)

evidence of glaciers in places now too warm

e)

magnetic striping on the seafloor showing seafloor spreading

31.

Index fossils allow geologists to

a)

determine why some organisms became extinct.

b)

identify organisms that did not leave fossil evidence behind.

c)

determine the exact age of rocks.

d)

match rocks of the same age in different regions.

32.

A geologist finds an area of undisturbed sedimentary rock. The _________________ layer is the oldest.

a)

top layer

b)

bottom layer

c)

middle layer

d)

extrusion

33.

Scientists can determine the absolute age of rocks using

a)

the law of superposition

b)

radioactive dating

c)

fault lines

d)

index fossils

34.

What are fossils?

a)

The preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past.

b)

Footprints or burrows of small animals that are alive today.

c)

Molds and casts of organisms that are alive today.

d)

Drawings of ancient animals and other organisms.

35.

To determine Earth’s age, scientists used radioactive dating on rocks from

a)

Volcanoes

b)

Atlantic Ocean

c)

Grand Canyon

d)

The Moon and Meteorites

36.

The youngest rock layers at each location are:

a)

A and W

b)

Z and G

c)

D and Y

d)

E and Y

37.

According to the Law of Superposition, the oldest rock layers at each location are:

a)

A and W

b)

Z and G

c)

D and Y

d)

E and Y

38.

The process by which an unstable element naturally changes into another element that is stable is

a)

isotopes

b)

radioactive decay

c)

half-lives

d)

fossilizing

39.
In this rock layer diagram there are two unconformities, a fault at E and an intrusion at D. Which unconformity occurred first?  How do you know?
a)
Intrusion D occurred first because the instrusion has been moved by the fault.
b)
The fault occurred first because it has moved the intrusion D.
c)
Intrusion D occurred first because it can be seen in all of the rock layers.
d)
Fault E occurred first because it is a normal fault.
40.
Which best describes the fossil record?
a)
The fossil record cannot provide evidence of evolution. 
b)
The fossil record provides evidence of a common ancestor to many species.
c)
The fossil record provides evidence that disputes the theory of evolution.
d)
The fossil record is inaccurate because scientists are not able to date fossils.
41.
In rock layers, jellyfish fossils are found lower than trilobite fossils, and trilobite fossils are found lower than ammonite fossils. What can be determined from this information?
a)
Trilobites existed before jellyfish and ammonites.
b)
Jellyfish existed before trilobites and ammonites. 
c)
Ammonites existed before trilobites and jellyfish.
d)
Jellyfish, trilobites, and ammonites lived together.
42.

Review the diagram showing a fault located among layers of sedimentary rock. What is the relative age of the fault?

a)

The fault is older than layer B

b)

The fault is older than layer C..

c)

The fault is older than layer E.

d)

The fault is older than layer F.

43.

Trilobite fossils from different time periods show small changes in appearance. What might account for the changes?

a)

catastrophic geologic events

b)

weathering and erosion

c)

increase in greenhouse gases

d)

response to environmental changes

44.

Scientists know that trilobites lived in an era earlier than the one in which dinosaurs lived. What information helped the scientists infer this?

a)

There were rock layers that had fossils of both trilobites and dinosaurs.

b)

Fossils of dinosaurs were found below the layers of rock containing fossils of trilobites.

c)

There were more fossils of dinosaurs in the rock layers than fossils of trilobites.

d)

Fossils of trilobites were found below the layers of rock containing fossils of dinosaurs.

45.

Which explanation best describes why marine fossils have been discovered in rock layers in a desert environment?

a)

A catastrophic event occurred in the area in the past.

b)

Continental drift moved the rock layers from the coast to the desert.

c)

The area was once completely covered by water.

d)

Volcanic activity had once occurred in the area.

46.

A geologist studies two layers of sandstone that exist along opposite coasts of North America. Which characteristic of the layers provides the best evidence that they were deposited about the same time>

a)

particle sizes of the sand in the rock layer

b)

the rock layers' chemical composition

c)

the depth of the rock layers from the surface layer

d)

the fossils found in the rock layer

47.

The diagram represents fossils found in sedimentary rock in one location. Which was most likely the effect of the climate change on the environment.

a)

The environment most likely changed from cold to desert.

b)

The environment most likely changed from tropical to tundra.

c)

The environment most likely changed from arid or desert to cold (ice or snow).

d)

The environment most likely changed from arid or desert to tropical.

48.

The diagram represents fossils found in sedimentary rock in one location. Which statement most likely explains what happened to the archaeopteryx as a result of the change in climate.

a)

It adapted and is still a surviving species.

b)

It is now an endangered species.

c)

It became extinct.