WorksheetsMontana History Semester 1 Review
Total questions: 123
Worksheet time: 1hrs 2mins
Most mining towns needed a/an _________ to determine the value of the gold.
panning
played out
assayer
stamp mill
What was an area called when it no longer yielded gold?
played out
assayer
quartz mining
stamp mill
What does recovering gold or silver embedded in rock require?
assayer
quartz mining
stamp mill
panning
________ separates gold from gravel in a shallow wooden pan.
assayer
quartz mining
stamp mill
panning
Large rocks were crushed into sand at a/an _________.
quartz mining
stamp mill
panning
played out
Which mining site did Benetsee discover it's mining potential?
Alder Gulch
Grasshopper Creek
Last Chance Gulch
Deer Lodge Valley
Which mining site did Charles McClure discover it's mining potential?
Grasshopper Creek
Granite Mountain
Last Chance Gulch
Deer Lodge Valley
Which mining site did the four Georgians discover it's mining potential?
Grasshopper Creek
Granite Mountain
Last Chance Gulch
Deer Lodge Valley
Which mining site did John White discover it's mining potential?
Grasshopper Creek
Granite Mountain
Alder Gulch
Deer Lodge Valley
Which mining site did Bill Fairweather discover it's mining potential?
Grasshopper Creek
Granite Mountain
Alder Gulch
Last Chance Gulch
What does the expression "boom and bust" explain?
an economic cycle
a method of hard-rock mining
a slogan for settlers heading west
an agricultural technique
Why did merchants and farmers follow prospectors?
They wanted to get rich quickly by mining.
They knew that they could get their goods to the West quickly.
They knew the miners would need supplies like food and equipment.
They had too much competition in the East.
Why did the town of Bannack grow?
you could pull up plants and shake gold dust from the roots
it was the first major gold strike in Montana
the Bannock Indians, after whom it was named, were friendly
it had a mild climate
What was the "Fourteen-mile City"?
a string of small towns along Alder Gulch
a city high in the mountains
a town 14 miles from Helena
the name of the first store in Virginia City
What is a "Georgian method"?
a way to learn to read
a slang term for claim-jumping
a method for building cabins in mining towns
a gold-panning technique
All of the following was true for the typical miner EXCEPT
they were under thirty
they worked long days
they quickly struck it rich
very few struck it rich
What was the critical difference between Indian and non-Indian settlers' attitudes about land?
non-Indian settlers believed in private ownership of land
the Indians did not want to build farms
the Indians wanted to keep the gold for themselves
the non-Indian settlers did not want bison on their farmland
The early settlers built homes
just like the ones they had come from
mostly of brick
from whatever materials were available
to make them feel safe against Indians
The only racial or ethnic group to have a law specifically excluding them from Montana were the
African Americans
Native Americans
Mexicans
Chinese
Why were Miners' courts established?
the miners did not trust the U.S. government
they needed protection from native people
the miners were too far away from established governments
they liked to have entertainment on Sunday by watching criminal cases
Sidney Edgerton, the first governor of Montana Territory, persuaded Congress to make Montana a territory by convincing them of what?
the gold fields were valuable
the native population needed to be controlled
the railroads would build only where there was a government
the Spanish were about to take over the land
How is a territory different from a state?
it has a smaller population
territorial representatives could not vote in the U.S. Congress
the federal government appointed leaders
all of the above
The new Montana Territory create major problems for the Indians because
they did not speak English
they were not protected under any laws
they wanted to keep hunting bison on the farmland
they did not have any money to buy land
Quartz mining differed from placer mining for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that it
took many more workers
required large equipment
was more expensive to operate
used more water
What did the discovery of silver in Butte lead to?
the U.S. government changing the gold standard
people outside of Montana wanting to move here
the decline of quartz mining
the death of many mining towns
The grasslands of Montana provided wonderful __________ for cattle
forage
grass
greenhorns
water supply
_______ frequently had jokes played on them by the older cowboys
cooks
greenhorns
trail masters
Indians
An artist known for good storytelling and drawing?
Evelyn Cameron
Robert Hamiliton
Charlie Russell
Joseph Toole
The Montana gold rush contributed to the expansion of the ranching industry because
raising cattle was an easier job than mining
the population boomed and local wild game decreased
miners had no time for hunting
it was to far to transport beef from the East
The federal government took reservation land from the Indians and made it available for grazing
because they believed ranchers would make better use of it
when indians started raising horses
after the gold-mining industry decreased
so that ranchers could fence the land
The roundup was needed on the open range because
it was a time for the people to gather together
brands were often changed by rustlers in the winter
cattle strayed and got mixed up with other herds
maverick calves could be claimed by anyone
Ranching was important to reservation economies because it allowed them to
maintain traditional cultures
gain independence from the U.S. government
develop a new way to make a living
all of the above
Despite the hard work, many young men came to the west to be cowboys
for relatively good wages and adventure
to avoid military work
because they had lost their farm jobs in the East
because the fur trade was finished
Although there were not many woman on the ranches, they
were not lonely because of the musical gatherings
usually worked as hard as the men
visited their neighbors frequently
usually stayed because they enjoyed the landscape
Cattlemen and sheepherders usually did not have much conflict over land in Montana because
there was always plenty of grazing land to share
the sheepherders made more profit selling wool
many ranchers raised both sheep and cattle
they stayed in different parts of the region
Which of the following was NOT a problem connected with the open range
rustling
overgrazing
broken fences
predatory animals
To deal with problems of the open range, cattlemen did all of the following EXCEPT
band together to create vigilante groups
hire stock detectives
organize asscoiations to lobby legislature
keep cattle and sheep separated by fences
The Hard Winter of 1886-87 was preceded by
months of range fires and little rain
an especially hot, dry summer
a great increase in the number of cattle
all of the above
All of the following were changes made after the Hard Winter of 1886-87 EXCEPT
smaller herds and planting food for winter feed
installing fences and corrals so cattle could not stray
breeding cattle with heavier winter coats
the addition of sheep and cropland to cattle ranchers
Which of the following are concerns shared by both modern and open range ranchers?
1. Unpredictable weather
2. Changing market prices
3. Land and animal conservation
4. Fuel costs
1 and 3
2, 3, and 4
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 4
The increasing demand by ranchers for grazing land forced Indians to ______ their land.
greenhorns
forage
cede
mavericks
Hereford and Angus cattle were run by most Montana _______
forage
cede
mavericks
outfits
Lost and unidentified ______ often became the property of whoever found them.
cede
mavericks
outfits
greenhorns
Land that had not yet been surveyed for sale to homesteaders
Board of Stock Commissioners
open range
roundup
reservations
A cooperative process in which cattle were gathered for branding and sorting
open range
roundup
surveying
forage
Group formed to enforce laws of the open range
Board of Stock Commissioners
roundup
Evelyn Cameron
rustlers
British-born immigrant to Montana who photographed ranching life
Evelyn Cameron
Charlie Russell
cowboys
Board of Stock Commissioners
Montana grasslands were valued for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that
the native species were nutritious
they were free and plentiful
there were plenty of streams for water
the sheepherders were already successful
Why was the open range so important for grazing cattle?
All of the ranchers wanted to raise big herds
The grassland was so arid that cattle needed a lot of range to survive
People were spread out and needed to have cattle near their homes
Barbed wire fencing was difficult to find
The jobs of the sheepherder and the cowboy were different mainly because
the sheepherder worked alone with his dog
sheep did not have to be branded
cattle were not sheared for wool
sheep herds were much smaller than cattle herds
Who was the first European to reach the Pacific traveling overland in the Northwest?
Wolf Calf
Sacagawea
David Thompson
Alexander Mackenzie
Who was the geographer of almost 2 million square miles of the northwest region?
John Colter
David Thompson
Sacajawea
Alexander Mackenzie
Who was an eyewitness to Lewis's encounter with the Blackfeet on the Marias River?
John Colter
David Thompson
Sacajawea
Wolf Calf
Who was the Shoshone Indian who helped the Corps of Discovery acquire horses?
Wolf Calf
John Colter
Alexander Mackenzie
Sacajawea
Who was the first European visitor to present-day Yellowstone National Park?
Sacajawea
John Colter
Alexander Mackenzie
David Thompson
A place where rivers of equal size come together
indigenous
confluence
sextant
chronometer
A tool to find the angle between the sun or North Star and the horizon
confluence
headwaters
sextant
chronometer
Where a river begins
indigenous
headwaters
chronometer
confluence
People who are native to a particular land
indigenous
confluence
headwaters
chronometer
A clock used for navigational purposes
sextant
confluence
headwaters
chronometer
The first European explorers searched for a Northwest Passage because they
came from ship-building countries, which favored waterways
knew that was where they could find the most gold
wanted to find out how big the North American continent was
didn't have enough horses to go overland
The last part of North America to be mapped by explorers was
southwest of the Hudson Bay
north up the Mississippi River
the Pacific Coast
Montana to the Pacific Ocean
As he helped Meriwether Lewis prepare for his western expedition, Thomas Jefferson read the
adventures of Christopher Columbus
story of the La Vérendrye brothers
exploration account of Alexander Mackenzie
history of the Plains Indians
One of the main reasons Thomas Jefferson wanted more land was because
of the gold that was found in the West
he thought the Louisiana Purchase was a good bargain
he didn't want the Russians near the Mississippi River
he wanted to create a nation of small farmers
The Shoshone helped the Corps of Discovery mainly because
the leader of their band was Sacajawea's brother
they had plenty of horses
they had never seen white people before
they had finished hunting for the season
The Salish who met Clark and his party of seven thought they
were in mourning because they had short hair
had been in battle with an enemy
were poor becaue of their ragged clothing
all of the above
According to Wolf Calf, the Blackfeet did not pursue Lewis on the Marias because
they were just as frightened as Lewis and his men
the Blackfeet did not have any guns
Lewis had faster horses
they did not want to anger President Jefferson
The Corps of Discovery's experiences in present-day Montana are important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that
they spent more time here than anywhere else
they made more discoveries here than anywhere else
they spent their first winter here
they gained the help and goodwill of most of the Indian tribes they met
The Corps of Discovery accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
finding a Northwest Passage
mapping the land they crossed
meeting with native people
cataloging animals and plants
Lewis did not allow the French Canadian Larocque to come with them because
he did not trust Larocque's map skills
Larocque wanted too much money
he didn't want to include anyone representing other countries
Larocque wanted to go south toward Wyoming
David Thompson was different from other explorers because he
lived in the region and mapped it over a long period
was part of a military expedition
owned a fur trading company
did not write a book about his adventures
The fur trading companies of the time mainly wanted
bison fur
beaver pelts
wolf fur
deer skin
The desire for fur changed the West because
it increased Indians' dependence on trade goods
it was no longer just an obstacle to the Pacific
it brought settlers to the region
all of the above
Before John Colter became a fur trapper, he was
a friend of the Blackfeet
a member of the Corps of Discovery
an explorer for the fur companies
a geographer for David Thompson
The new people arriving in the West had different ideas than Indians about all of the following EXCEPT
how land should be used
an economic system
the importance of trade
their religious practices
What was the disease that bison caught from settlers' cattle?
free trappers
monopoly
Métis
brucellosis
The summer _____________ where fur traders, mountain men, and Indians met.
free trappers
rendezvous
brucellosis
monopoly
What were people called who did not work directly for fur company brigades?
free trappers
Métis
monopoly
rendezvous
What did the American Fur Company have on the Upper Missouri fur trade?
free trappers
a monopoly
brucellosis
a rendezvous
The fur trade might never have flourished without the help of who?
the free trappers
rendezvous
brucellosis
the Métis
Who built the first trading fort in Montana?
Hudson's Bay Company
Pierre-Jean de Smet
Manuel Lisa
Fort Union
What was the British-owned corporation operating in North America?
Hudson's Bay Company
John Jacob Astor
Fort Union
Manuel Lisa
Who was the founder of the American Fur Company?
Pierre-Jean de Smet
Fort Union
John Jacob Astor
Hudson's Bay Company
What was the trading center, located at the confluence of the Missouri and Yellowstone Rivers, called?
Hudson's Bay Company
Manuel Lisa
Pierre-Jean de Smet
Fort Union
Who built St. Mary's Mission?
Pierre-Jean de Smet
Fort Union
Manuel Lisa
Hudson's Bay Company
Why did Europeans want American beaver fur for their hats?
it could be used as currency
there were not many beaver left in Europe
it was more fashionable to have clothes from far away
they needed to have a reason to explore North America
The Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company
were fierce competitors for many years
merged into one company in the early 1800s
were both British trade companies operating in North America
all of the above
Why were the Métis vital to the success of the fur trade?
They were the most skilled at finding beaver homes.
They could communicate with both Indians and non-Indians.
They were the most knowledgeable about preparing hides.
They came from many different tribes.
What was the St. Louis Missouri Fur Company?
an organization of free trappers
part of the British fur trading groups
owned by John Jacob Astor
the first American-owned fur company in the region
Why did Manuel Lisa's fort at Three Forks fail?
there were not enough beaver in the area
too many other companies had forts there
the Blackfeet resisted the establishment of a fort in their territory
the confluence of the three rivers made for dangerous water
How did free trappers differ from the fur company brigades?
They were paid with pelts rather than money.
They avoided relationships with Indians.
They trapped only one kind of animal for trading with the companies.
They trapped and lived in one area rather than traveling through the region.
Why did fur companies like the rendezvous system?
it required no permanent forts, which were often attacked
it was a social highlight of the year for many people in the region
it brought together Indians and non-Indians in a social atmosphere
it was a chance for company owners to meet with the trappers
The American Fur Company gained a monopoly on the fur trade for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that
they built Astoria, a shipping port in Oregon on the Pacific Ocean
the owner, John Jacob Astor, had his own transportation network
they employed only free trappers
the Blackfeet allowed them to build a fort in the heart of their territory
Why was the trade in bison hides different from the beaver trade?
bison were killed by marksmen, not trapped
traders used all parts of the bison
there were more bison than beaver
Europeans wanted coats, not hats
Why did Indians participate in the bison trade?
the U.S. Congress would not regulate hunting
their economy was linked to the trade industry
the white hunters were not as keen marksmen
they had acquired guns, making hunting easier
What did the long-term effects of Montana's fur trade include?
it increased reliance on trade goods by Indians
it increased interaction between people from different regions
it gave profiting from Montana's resources in far-off places
all of the above
How did thousands of Plains Indians die from 1837 to 1840?
from conflicts with fur traders
from the bison slaughter
from intertribal war
from the smallpox epidemic
What did fur companies use whiskey for?
to open new businesses
to clean wounds
for trading with other companies
as a way to control their Indian trading partners
Why did the Salish ask priests to come to their country?
to learn new farming methods
to fulfill an ancient prophecy
to build a new chapel
to learn how to read
Why did many Christian missionaries, who came to Montana, fail?
They did not encourage Indian culture.
They could not speak the languages.
They did not know how to trap.
They could not survive the cold winter.
Montana gave women what in 1914?
sufferage
monopoly
equality
money
The belief that common people deserve more power
apex law
Enabling Act
populism
suffrage
one way ordinary citizens could fight corporate control of politics was to
open their own business
join opposing political parties
keep the copper kings fighting each other
join labor unions
Although corporations were politically powerful, labor unions had a voice because they
wanted better wages and working conditions
kept Daly and Clark from becoming allies
helped members pay for funerals could control whether the work was done
could control whether the work was done
The Populist Party fought against corporate control for politics and the economy and supported the rights and issues of everyday people. Among the actions it supported was
laws governing mine safety
the right to elect the governor
electing a woman to the U.S Senate
increasing the number of small businesses
The Amalgamated Mining Company changed after Marcus Daly's death because
William Clark no longer had to have his company compete against Daly
Fredrick Heinze was able to buy control of all of his mines and companies
it was run by a corporation that had no sympathy for Montana laborers
it became known as the Boston and Montana Company
The copper mining industry was important to Montana because
other industries developed to help support it
it did not have to compete with Indians for control
demand for copper allowed Montana to become a state
it helped everyone become rich
Euro-Americans wanted statehood for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
voting privileges for their governor and federal reps
keeping money from natural resources in the state
giving Indians citizenship and reservations
getting land grants to fund education
The 1889 constitution created a special provision for the mining industry that
allowed it to build mines on ranches and reservations
kept taxes much lower for mines than for other industries
gave the industry equal representation in the state legislature
had the tycoons pay the same taxes on mansions as on small homes
Daly did not want Clark to become a territorial representative because Daly
was a Republican and Clark was a Democrat
wanted to run for the same office
needed protection for his business interest
wanted mining taxes in Montana to stay low
In 1889, Montana adopted the secret voting ballet
to keep employers from knowing how their workers voted
because all the other states had it
so that women could secretly vote
to make sure people only voted once
The mining unions in Montana lost strength in the early 1900s because
they did not ask for wage increases frequently enough
they went on strike and mines closed
Amalgamated treated its workers well and said unions were not necessary
Amalgamated's monopoly made it harder to fight
Montana's territorial representative could ______ Congress but could not vote.
suffrage
lobby
ratify
monopoly
Montana voters had to _________ the constitution before it could become law.
strike
lobby
ratify
monopoly
What did labor unions use to force companies to improve working conditions?
suffrage
monopoly
lobbies
strikes
Why did Amalgamated become powerful in Montana?
it's suffrage
it held strikes
it held a monopoly
it's lobbying
What bill allowed Montana to become a state?
populism
Apex Law
Enabling Act
suffrage
What was the right to follow a vein of ore from it's surface source?
Apex Law
Enabling Act
Joseph Toole
monopoly
The 1889 constitutional convention showed strong disagreement between
mining and agricultural interests
farming and ranching interests
women's and men's interests
Indian and non-Indian interests
Frederick Augustus Heinze was able to compete against the Standard Oil Company by
utilizing federal mining laws to tunnel underground to other mines
spending his money in Montana to support local businesses
convincing Montanans that Standard Oil wanted to control everything in the state
all of the above
