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WorksheetsEOC Biology Final Practice Test-1 ***
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 3hrs 0mins
Which amino acids are coded for by an mRNA segment that reads GUA-CAC?
lysine and alanine
valine and histidine
valine and glycine
glycine and serine
How does crossing-over during meiosis lead to genetic variation?
It increases the number of gametes produced
It adds additional genes to the parent chromosome
It doubles the number of chromosomes in the gametes
It increases the number of possible genetic combinations in the offspring
Which of the following is evidence that the environment influences the expression of genetic traits?
A child with two recessive genes for cystic fibrosis will have the disease
The son of hemophiliac parents will also have hemophilia
A child needs only one gene for Huntington disease to develop the disease
A healthful diet can help a person with a genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes avoid the disease
In which of these ways are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar?
They both contain DNA
They both contain a nuclues
They are both highly complex
They are both enclosed by a cell wall
Which phrase best summarizes the function of structure D ?
storing food
maintaining water balance
moving and capturing food
detecting light sources
A single muscle cell is isolated and observed. Which organelle would you expect to be abundant in the cell?
ribosomes
mitochondria
Golgi bodies
lysosomes
How do buffers help maintain homeostasis within a cell?
by regulating pH levels
by regulating water levels
by regulating temperature
by regulating glucose levels
Which effect is mostly likely after an area experiences a tsunami?
The ratio of prey animals to predators in the area will increase
The population density of the area will increase
Competition in the area will decrease
The carrying capacity of the area will decrease
Which type of behavior is demonstrated when mature salmon travel long distances from the ocean to find the stream of their birth?
estivation
migration
hibernation
trial and error
One of the gases released by burning fossil fuels is CO2. Burning fossil fuels also produces compounds of sulfur and nitrogen. Since the Industrial Revolution, the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased significantly. In the future, if all new businesses used energy instead of fossil fuels, which of the following would be the most likely result?
Polar ice caps would be replenished with fresh ice
Average temperature around the world would decrease
The rate of global warming would decrease
The pH of lakes and rivers would go down
Which best summarizes the purpose of mitosis in multicellular eukaryotes?
enabling growth
increasing variation
producing gametes
encouraging mutations
A father with blood type AB and a mother with blood type O give birth to a son with type B and a daughter with blood type A. Which term best describes this scenario?
incomplete dominance
codominance
polygenic traits
multiple alleles
Which of these describes mutations that cause skin cancer and lung cancer?
They are somatic mutations and are passed from parent to offspring
They are somatic mutations and are not passed from parent to offspring
They are germ mutations and are passed from parent to offspring
They are germ mutations and are not passed from parent to offspring
Cells use the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA molecule as a set of instructions for making proteins. What parts make up a single nucleotide?
a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate molecule
a phospholipid chain and a nitrogenous base
a phosphate molecule and three glucose molecule
a sugar molecule, an amino acid, and a variable group
Which three of the four main kinds of molecules are used by living things for energy?
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
Which is an example of how cells use active transport to maintain homeostasis?
Energy from ATP is used to move sodium and potassium ions against a concentration gradient
Water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane
Particles move passively across the cell membrane in response to a concentration gradient
Protein channels embedded in the cell membrane help specific molecules move across the cell membrane
Which of the following groups of terms is associated with engineering transgenic organisms?
meiosis, zygotes, fertilization
crossing-over, genetic variation, haploid cells
recombinant DNA, plasmids, restriction enzymes
incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, mutations
Which of these is one way that growing and buying organic food affects our environment?
Competition between native species is reduced
The level of pollution in groundwater is reduced
The demand for fossil fuels is reduced
The risk of oil spills is reduced
Giant sequoia trees are some of the largest living organisms. These massive trees can reach a height of more than 76 meters. Which structural adaptation makes it possible for leaf cells at the top of a giant sequoia tree to receive water from the ground?
xylem
stomata
phloem
guard cells
Which of the following is an adaptation associated with asexual reproduction in certain fungi, animals, and plants?
spore
budding
guard cell
gametophyte
Which of the following actions can contribute to sustainable development?
building homes farther away from schools
removing organic matter from farmland
adding solar panels to new buildings
removing cover crops from farmland
In the process of DNA replication, the DNA molecule is unzipped down the middle, forming two complementary halves. During which phase of the cell cycle does this occur?
S phase
G1 phase
anaphase
metaphase
In pea plants, the allele for purple flowers (P) is dominant over the allele for white flowers (p). The punnett square shown below represents a cross between two pea plants with purple flowers.
What will be the phenotypic ratios for this cross?
one-half Pp, one half pp
one-fourth PP, one-half Pp, one-fourth pp
one-half purple, one-half white
three-fourths purple, one-fourth white
Which statement best describes mutations?
all mutations are caused by radiation
all mutations change a cell's DNA
all mutations are harmful
all mutations can be reversed
Which function would an algal cell not be able to perform if its chloroplasts were removed?
cellular respiration
protein synthesis
storage and transport
photosynthesis
Which description best describes the response of a unicellular organism to a harmful acid?
negative phototaxis
positive phototaxis
negative chemotaxis
positive chemotaxis
Following a bone fracture, the body must repair bone tissue by producing new bone cells. What is the source of these new cells?
adult stem cells in bone marrow
embryonic stem cells in bone marrow
adult stem cells produced in the glands
embryonic stem cells produced in the glands
The picture shows four different beak shapes in finches. A comparison of these four beak shapes would most likely be the focus of what type of study in finches?
a study of digestive adaptations
a study of feeding adaptations
a study of camouflage strategies
study of reproductive strategies
What is the meaning of the phrase "a gene is turned on"?
The protein the gene codes for is produced
mRNA releases the gene into the cytoplasm
The corresponding section of DNA is replicated
DNA transcription and replication are complete
This diagram shows DNA fingerprints made from hair found at a crime scene and from hairs from suspects, labeled Suspect 1 through 3. Which suspect is most likely the source of the hair at the crime scene?
Suspect #1
Suspect #3
Suspect #2
None of the suspects
Which phrase best summarizes the end result of meiosis?
diploid cells, each with unique set of chromosomes
haploid cells, each with a unique set of chromosomes
haploid cells, each identical to the parent cell
diploid cells, each identical to the parent
Which would be the best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move a substance across its cell membrane?
Glucose molecules are moving through channels in the cell membrane
Calcium ions are moving from high to low concentrations across the cell membrane
ATP is being consumed at a high rate near the cell membrane
Water molecules are moving across the cell membrane at a rapid rate
Which of the following compounds are proteins?
DNA and RNA
glucose and cellulose
waxes and cholesterol
hemoglobin and collagen
In biological reactions, the reactants and enzyme fit together like a lock and key. This complementary attachment speeds up the reaction. What is the attachment site of the enzyme called?
substrate site
catalytic site
active site
reactant site
How did the research of Miller and Urey and of Oro contribute to hypotheses about the origins of life on Earth?
This experiments produced the transformation of DNA into RNA
Their experiments successfully created the first prokaryotic cell in a lab setting
Their experiments showed that amino acids could form from chemicals present in Earth's early environment
Their experiment demostrated the transition from anaerobic prokaryotic cells to photosynthetic prokaryotic cells
The graph shows the activation energy required for a biochemical reaction under two different conditions. What does the peak of line X most likely represent?
the activation energy required for cellular respiration
the activation energy required for photosynthesis
the activation energy required without the enzyme
the activation energy required within an enzyme
The diagram shows a cladogram of ten vertebrates. According to the cladogram, which of the following pairs are the most closely related?
shark and dimetrodon
dimetrodon and human
tyrannosaurus and bird
tyrannosaurus and triceratops
Pesticides are used to kill Aedes aegypti, the mosquito that carries yellow fever. Over time, the type of pesticide used becomes ineffective and has to be replaced. Which is the best explanation for this?
The mosquitoes that are not killed by the pesticide continue to reproduce, passing their resistance to the offspring. Over time, the mosquito population becomes resistant
The mosquitoes that are not killed by the pesticide migrate from the area. Over time, new strains of mosquito replace them.
The mosquitoes become weakened by the pesticide, but they develop an ability to survive. Over time, their offspring learn the same ability
The mosquitoes become weakened by the pesticide, but they produce antibodies against it. Over time, the entire population develops these antibodies.
Almost all cells in the human body contain the same genes. However, the body is made up of different kinds of cells that perform different functions. Which statement best explains this?
Genes do not always determine the structure and function of cells
Genes appear in the nucleus after a cell develops
Different amino acids are available in different parts of the body
Different genes are turned on, or expressed, in different kinds of cells
Which sequence shows the stages of interphase in the correct order?
G1 stage -> G2 stage -> S stage
G1 stage -> S stage -> G2 stage
S stage -> G1 stage -> G2 stage
G2 stage -> S stage -> G1 stage
An unknown cell is observed by using a microscope. the presence of which structure/s would suggest that the cell is most likely prokaryotic?
chloroplast
mitochondria
a nucleus
plasmids
A lizard crawls out of the cool shade to a sunny spot to increase its body temperature. Which best explains how this behavior helps the lizard survive?
This behavior is necessary for photosynthesis
This behavior slows metabolism
This behavior helps maintain homeostasis
This behavior causes mutations
Which of the following inventions and discoveries led to the inclusion of microorganisms in the taxonomy of living things?
microscopes
X-rays
antibiotics
the structure of DNA
Gene therapy involves replacing a defective or missing gene in a person's genome. Which of the following aspects of gene therapy would most likely spark an ethical debate over this area of DNA technology?
finding the genetic defect that causes a disease
developing the replacement gene
identifying the defective gene in a person's genome
use weakened viruses to transport replacement genes
In which scenario would natural selection most likely lead to the evolution of a new species?
A canyon separates two populations of a lizard species, so they cannot interbreed
A population of foxes lives in a forest that remains stable over a long period of time
A small population of corn plants with few variations is infected with a new type of fungus
Two populations of a finch species move into the same area and mate with each other
Read the following statements.
1. Glucose and Oxygen are the reactants
2. Glucose and Oxygen are the products
3. Carbon Dioxide and Water are the reactants
4. Carbon Dioxide and Water are the products
Which statements summarize the process of cellular respiration?
2 and 4
1 and 3
2 and 3
1 and 4
In all cells, how is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA used?
as instructions for making antibodies
as instructions for making proteins
as instructions for making a new nucleus
as instructions for making glucose chains
Which best describes the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis requires oxygen; cellular respiration requires carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis traps sunlight; cellular respiration traps ATP
Photosynthesis uses energy from sunlight to make food; cellular respiration uses food to release energy
Photosynthesis is used by plants to get energy from food; cellular respiration is used by animals to get energy from food
Which of the following describes part of the process of protein synthesis in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms?
DNA unzips, and each strand is replicated
tRNA transcribes the DNA nucleotide sequence
Nucleotide codons are used to construct amino acids
mRNA carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Ultimately, all organisms have a common ancestor. According to the fossil record, approximately how long ago did the common ancestral species for all organisms on Earth live?
350,000 years ago
3.5 million years ago
350,000 million years ago
3.5 billion years ago
Which best describes the fossil record?
The fossil record contains evidence of all species that have ever lived on Earth
The fossil record is incomplete but contains evidence of species changing over time
Because the fossil record is incomplete, it cannot show that species have changed over time
The fossil record shows that species changed in the past but are no longer evolving
Which of the following is a way transgenic organisms are used to benefit society?
Modified goats produce a protein that is used to treat people whose blood clots too easily
Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA into individual fragments
A defective gene in an organism's genome is replaced
DNA fingerprints are used to match DNA from skin sample to a crime suspect
Which of these is an example of passive immunity?
A child who is given a vaccine for polio becomes immune to the disease
A person who becomes ill with the flu produces antibodies to the flu virus
A person who becomes ill with tuberculosis is cured with an antibiotic
A newborn baby receives antibodies from mother's milk
An energy pyramid is a model used to show the flow of energy between trophic levels in an ecosystem. Which statement describes the relationship between biomass and energy pyramids?
Biomass is lowest at the producer level
Biomass is lowest at the highest trophic level
Biomass is actually distributed among the trophic levels
Biomass continuously cycles between the trophic levels
A group of population biologists are studying the predator-prey relationship between ground squirrel and coyote populations in a particular study area over a three year period. In year 4, drought destroys much of the grasses in the area. How will this most likely affect the squirrel and coyote populations?
The squirrel population will decrease, followed by a decrease in the coyote population
The squirrel population will increase, followed by a decrease in the coyote population
The squirrel population will decrease, and the coyote population will remain unchanged
The squirrel population will decrease, followed by an increase in the coyote population
Which group of organisms is responsible for nitrogen and denitrification?
fungi
plants
bacteria
humans
Barnacles are small crustaceans that attach themselves to the bodies of whales without harming or benefiting them. The barnacles travel with the whales. Which term best describes the relationship between the whales and the barnacles?
predation
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
What is one way natural selection affects some populations of bacteria and viruses?
They generate fewer mutations
They reproduce at a slower rate
They develop resistance to drugs and vaccines
They produce offspring with unfavorable adaptations
The diagram shows the modern organization of domains and kingdoms. Archaea are now classified in their own domain. With which organisms were Archea classified prior to creation of this domain?
Bacteria
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Which of the following is an ethical concern associated using genetically engineered crop varieties?
Genetically engineered varieties are unable to reproduce
The use of genetically engineered seeds might reduce genetic variation.
Genetically engineered crops require more water than regular crops
The short term effects of eating genetically engineered foods are unknown
