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Earth Science Review

Total questions: 88

Worksheet time: 1hrs 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
How do metamorphic rocks form? 
a)
Heat and Pressure
b)
Compaction & Cementation
c)
Cooling of Magma
d)
Sediments & Glue
2.
Metamorphic rocks form from ___.
a)
igneous rocks
b)
other metamorphic rocks
c)
sedimentary rocks
d)
all types of rocks
3.
The deeper a rock is buried, the greater the pressure is on it
a)
True 
b)
False
4.
What are the two main types of metamorphic rocks and how are they different?
a)
intrusive and extrusive; intrusive rocks are formed inside the earth and extrusive rocks are formed on the surface
b)
foliated and nonfoliated; foliated rocks do not have visible bands/layers and nonfoliated rocks do have visible bands/layers
c)
intrusive and extrusive; intrusive rocks are formed on the earth's surface and extrusive rocks are formed in the Earth
d)
foliated and nonfoliated; foliated rocks have visible bands/layers and nonfoliated rocks do not have visible bands/layers
5.
When metamorphic rocks are formed, the extreme heat is usually caused by the _______.
a)

gravity in the atmosphere

b)

collision of tectonic plates

c)

the fiery hot magma in the Earth's mantle

d)

weight of the mountains

6.
True / False: Metamorphic rocks can be metamorphosed more than once.
a)
True
b)
False
7.
Which of the following best describes the type of environment a metamorphic rock forms in
a)
High heat, low pressure
b)
Low heat, high pressure
c)
High heat, high pressure
d)
Low heat, low pressure
8.
Morph means what?
a)
change
b)
alter
c)
switch
d)
rearrange
9.

Two plates come together or collide at what boundary?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

10.

Two plates spread or move apart at what boundary?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

11.

Two plates slide past each other at what boundary?

a)

Covergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

12.

New oceanic crust (sea floor) is created at this boundary.

a)

Divergent Oceanic

b)

Divergent Continental

c)

Convergent Oceanic

d)

Transform

13.

Oceanic crust (sea floor) is destroyed at this boundary.

a)

Convergent Oceanic

b)

Divergent Oceanic

c)

Convergent Continental-Continental

d)

Divergent Continental

14.

The process where oceanic crust slides under another plate and is melted is called ___________.

a)

seafloor spreading

b)

subduction

c)

continental drift

d)

recycling

15.

What two crustal features occur near every subduction zone?

a)

Volcanoes and Trenches

b)

Rift Valleys and Mid Ocean Ridges

c)

Volcanoes and Rift Valleys

d)

Mid Ocean Ridges and Trenches

16.

A divergent boundary on land creates what feature?

a)

Mid Ocean Ridge

b)

Rift Valley

c)

Subduction Zone

d)

Deep Ocean Trench

17.

A divergent boundary in the ocean creates what feature?

a)

Mid Ocean Ridge

b)

Rift Valley

c)

Deep Ocean Trench

d)

Subduction Zone

18.

When two continental plates converge (collide) what type of crustal feature is formed?

a)

Mid Ocean Ridge

b)

Subduction Zone

c)

Rift Valley

d)

Folded Mountains

19.

The process that occurs at a divergent oceanic boundary that creates new crust (sea floor) is called?

a)

Subduction

b)

Seafloor Spreading

c)

Continental Drift

d)

Volcanism

20.

If an earthquake occurs at the bottom of the ocean floor what could form as result?

a)

Volcano

b)

Tsumani

c)

Tidal Wave

d)

Hurricane

21.

Aside from Earthquakes, what is the only thing you will find at transform boundaries?

a)

Volcanoes

b)

Subduction Zones

c)

Folded Mountains

d)

Fault lines

22.

What is the only event associated with ALL plate boundaries?

a)

Volcanoes

b)

Earthquakes

c)

Subduction

d)

Deep Trenches

23.

The only type of crust that will subduct if two plates converge is...

a)

Oceanic

b)

Continental

24.

Tsunamis are formed from what two types of convergent boundaries?

a)

Continental-Continental

b)

Oceanic-Continental

c)

Oceanic-Oceanic

25.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Transform
b)
Convergent
c)
Divergent
d)
Plate
26.

The long tube in the ground that connects the magma chamber to Earth's surface is called the _____________.

a)

Crater

b)

vent

c)

magma chamber

27.

Once magma reaches the Earth's surface it is called ____.

a)

magma

b)

lava

c)

pyroclastic material

d)

ash

28.

Explosive eruptions occur if a volcano's magma is:

a)

high in viscosity

b)

Low in viscosity

c)

Extremely hot

29.

What provides the force that causes a volcano to become explosive?

a)

Magma density

b)

Extreme heat

c)

Dissolved gases trapped in magma

30.

Volcanoes with steep sides made of layers of ash is called ____.

a)

Composite Volcano

b)

Cinder Cone

c)

Shield Volcano

31.

Tall, cone-shaped mountains made of both cooled lava layers and layers of ash are called

a)

Composite Volcano

b)

Cinder Cone

c)

Shield Volcano

32.

What do we call molten hot liquid rock while it is still below the Earth's surface?

a)

Igneous

b)

Lava

c)

Magma

33.

What volcanoes are described as having a wide base?

a)

Shield Volcanoes

b)

Cinder Cones

c)

Composite Volcanoes

34.

A dead volcano is called _____

a)

active

b)

extinct

c)

dormant

35.

A sleeping volcano is called ______

a)

active

b)

extinct

c)

dormant

36.

Approximately 70% of the world's composite volcanoes are located around the Pacific Ocean in a region called the ____________. 

a)

Ring of Fire

b)

Center of Fire

c)

Volcano Ring

37.

What energy can be tapped from a volcano?

a)

hydrothermal energy

b)

solar energy

c)

nuclear energy

d)

geothermal energy

38.

The following are the three stages of volcano life cycle except_________________.

a)

invasion of magma

b)

eruption

c)

crystallization

d)

building pressure

39.

Volcanoes are found:

a)

on land

b)

underwater

c)

on islands

d)

all of the above

40.

Where do volcanoes form?

a)

Places where plates are moving together

b)

Hot Spots

c)

Places where plates move apart

d)

All of these options

41.

Geothermal resources include all of the following except:

a)

hotspot

b)

volcanoes

c)

wind

d)

hot springs

42.

It refers to the energy produced from the internal heat of the Earth

a)

hydropower energy

b)

geothermal energy

c)

solar energy

43.

The top of the main vent where lava flows through is the ___

a)

crater

b)

vent

c)

conduit

44.

The source of all lava is _____

a)

vent

b)

crater

c)

magma chamber

45.
What type of volcano is shown on the model above? 
a)
Composite Volcano
b)
Shield Volcano
c)
Cinder Cone Volcano
46.
What type of volcano is shown on the model above? 
a)
Shield Volcano
b)
Composite Volcano
c)
Cinder Cone Volcano
47.
What type of volcano is shown on the model above? 
a)
Cinder Cone Volcano
b)
Composite Volcano
c)
Shield Volcano
48.
What type of volcano is this? It has been created with only pyroclastic materials. 
a)
Cinder cone
b)
Shield
c)
Composite
49.
What type of volcano is this? It has been created with layers of both lava and pyroclastic materials. 
a)
Shield
b)
Cinder cone
c)
Composite
50.
What type of volcano is this? It has been created with layers of cooled lava. 
a)
Shield
b)
Cinder cone
c)
Composite
51.
What is the difference between magma and lava? 
a)
Where it is found (above or below the surface)
b)
How hot the molten rock is (lava is hotter than magma)
c)
 The type of boundary where it forms
d)
The viscosity of the molten rock (lava has a lower viscosity)
52.
Which ingredient in magma determines whether an eruption is explosive or quiet?
a)
Amount of rock.
b)
Amount of magma.
c)
Amount of obsidian rock.
d)
Amount of silica.
53.
Which of the following is NOT a way to classify volcanoes? 
a)
Type of eruptions
b)
Age (dormant, extinct, active)
c)
Type (shield, cinder cone, composite)
d)
Death toll 
54.

How do you test a rock for calcite? What will happen if the rock does have calcite?

a)

Put water in the bottle; if there is calcite, the rock will dissolve

b)

Put salt water in the bottle; if there is calcite, the rock will turn a darker color

c)

Put acid in the bottle; if there is calcite, the rock will fizz

d)

Put liquid soap in the bottle; if there is calcite, the liquid will form a dome on the rock

55.

After the acid test, Rock A fizzed and Rock B did not. What could that mean?

a)

Rock A contains calcite and is probably shale

b)

Rock B is harder than rock A

c)

Rock A could be limestone, and rock B does not contain calcite

d)

Rock B could be limestone, and rock A contains calcite

56.

What rock will I find if I dig beneath Kimi sandstone at Paradise canyon?

a)

Sunshine Shale

b)

New York Limestone

c)

Purple Sandstone

d)

American Shale

57.

Surprise Canyon is halfway between Vacation Canyon and Paradise Canyon. What kind of rock do you think will be at the top of Surprise Canyon?

a)

Sunshine Shale

b)

New York Limestone

c)

Purple Sandstone

d)

American Shale

58.

Which two layers did the Colorado River erode away first when creating the Grand Canyon 6 million years ago?

a)

Kaibab Formation and Toroweap Formation

b)

Redwall Limestone and Supai Group

c)

Bright Angel Shale and Tapeats Sandstone

d)

All layers are eroded at the same time by the Colorado River

59.

If the Colorado river continues to erode away the Grand Canyon. What layer of rock might you observe at river level in 2 million years?

a)

Toroweap Formation

b)

Supai Group

c)

Redwall Limestone

d)

Muav Limestone

60.

What is the substance that makes the rock fizz with acid?

a)

potassium

b)

oxygen

c)

calcite

d)

carbon

61.

Why are there stripes in the Grand Canyon?

a)

It is from the way the sun has hit the rocks over time

b)

It shows the different layers of rock built up from past environments

c)

It is from the way the river has washed the rocks over time

d)

There are no horizontal stripes in the Grand Canyon

62.

Which of the rocks is a sedimentary rock?

a)

Limestone

b)

Basalt

c)

Granite

d)

All of the above

e)

None of the above

63.

You find a piece of shale on a hike. What substance is most likely to have formed that rock?

a)

Sand

b)

Silt

c)

Calcite

d)

Clay

64.

You find a piece of limestone on a hike. What substance(s) are likely to have formed that rock?

a)

Sand

b)

Silt

c)

Calcite

d)

Clay

65.

What are three examples of a descriptive group we used to organize our Mile 20 and Mile 52 rocks?

a)

Size

b)

Texture

c)

Number

d)

Color

e)

Name

66.

Why do Mile 20 and Mile 52 have different rock layers near the river?

a)

Mile 52 is at a higher elevation than Mile 20

b)

Mile 20 is at a higher elevation than Mile 52

c)

Each site at the Grand Canyon has different rocks

d)

Each site at the Grand Canyon has the same rocks

67.

At Mile 20, if I drilled into the bottom of the Colorado River, what rock would I find?

a)

Muav Limestone

b)

Redwall Limestone

c)

Supai Sandstone

d)

Hermit Shale

68.

How far apart are the sites at Mile 20 and Mile 52?

a)

72 miles

b)

36 miles

c)

32 miles

d)

76 miles

69.

What is the chemical formula of...limestone?

a)

limestone

b)

CaCO3

c)

MgCO3

d)

NAHCO3

70.

What type of rock is limestone?

a)

lime

b)

non-porous

c)

sedimentary

d)

physical

71.

What evidence is there that limestone is this type of rock?

a)

made of soil

b)

made of fossils/sediments

c)

made of salt

d)

made of carbon dioxide

72.

The three main types of sedimentary rocks are:

a)

Sandstone

b)

Basalt

c)

Shale

d)

Limestone

e)

Granite

73.

In a sequence of rock layers, how can you tell which layer is older than the other?

a)

The older rock layers can be found below the younger layers.

b)

The younger rock layers can be found below the older layers.

c)

The older rock layers are closest to the surface.

d)

The younger rock layers are deeper down.

74.

What information does radiometric dating give scientists about a rock?

a)

How much the rock costs

b)

How long it has been since the rock formed

c)

How much rock is layered on top of it

d)

How many fossils are stored in the rock

75.

How can finding marine (ocean) fossils at the top of mountains be used as evidence that evolution has occurred?

a)

Shows that this environment has stayed the same over time

b)

Shows that the mountain will become an ocean

c)

Shows that fish were able to swim to the top of the mountain

d)

Shows that an ocean once covered the mountain

76.

How could scientists use the fossil record to show how plants have changed over time?

a)

Scientists can compare fossils of plants from the same rock layer to see how they have changed.

b)

Scientists cannot use the fossil record, because plants cannot become fossils.

c)

Scientists can compare fossils of many plants from many different time periods to see how they have changed.

d)

Scientists can examine plant fossils to determine what kind of animals ate them.

77.

Law that states that rocks on the bottom are always the oldest and rocks on top are the youngest

a)

Law of Inclusions

b)

Law of Horizontality

c)

Law of Cross Cutting

d)

Law of Superposition

78.
Four sedimentary rock layers are cut by an igneous rock intrusion. Which best describes the relative age of the igneous rock intrusion in comparison to the ages of the four sedimentary rock layers?
a)
THe igneous rock intrusion is older than sedimentary rock layers W, X, Y and Z.
b)
The igneous rock intrusion is younger than sedimentary rock layers W, X, Y, and Z
c)
The igneous rock kintrusion is older than sedimentary rock layer W and younger than sedimentary rock layers X, Y, and Z
d)
The igneous rock intrusion is younger than sedimentary rock layer W and older than sedimentary rock layers X, Y, and Z.
79.

What is the fossils record?

a)

Fossils found in layers of sedimentary rock

b)

Collection of all fossils found on Earth

c)

List of fossils at the Museum of Natural History

d)

none of the above

80.

Which of the following would be an example of a fossil?

Choose all of the correct answers!

a)

Bones found in the woods outside your house

b)

Petrified egg shells found in Sedimentary rock

c)

Footprints preserved in a Shale outcropping

d)

Oyster Shells found at a beach.

81.

The fossil record documents _____________ of life forms throughout the history of Earth. Choose all of the answers that could correctly complete this statement.

a)

Change

b)

diversity

c)

entire number

d)

extinction

e)

Environment

82.

What types of organisms are more likely to form fossils?

a)

Vertebrates

b)

Invertebrates

c)

Snails/Arthropods

d)

Insects

83.

Who studies fossils?

a)

zoologist

b)

meteorologist

c)

paleontologist

d)

biologist

84.
Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true?
a)
all organisms become fossils
b)
organisms having soft body parts make up most of the fossils
c)
all organisms that have shells become fossils
d)
the fossil record is incomplete
85.
Lily sees a skeleton of a dinosaur at a museum. What is true about the bones that make up the skeleton?
a)
The bones are made up of minerals.
b)
The bones are those of the dinosaur itself.
c)
The bones were formed from mud that hardened.
d)
The bones are made up of amber.
86.
Where can the oldest layer be found?
a)
The top layer
b)
The middle layer
c)
They are all the same age
d)
The bottom layer
87.
Which layer formed first?
a)
Rock Layer W
b)
Rock Layer X
c)
Rock Layer Y
d)
Rock Layer Z
88.
Principle that states in a sequence of undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top 
a)
superposition 
b)
uniformitarianism
c)
half-life

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