WorksheetsAP Unit 4: Test Review
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 50mins
What type of signaling is shown here?
autocrine
synaptic
endocrine
paracrine
Long distance signals involving hormones are ________ signals.
paracrine
synaptic
endocrine
An example of LOCAL cell communication is:
White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info
Neurons communicating across a synapse
Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
hormone
local regulator
endocrine cell
plasmodesmata
Choose the correct order of communication.
reception, response, transduction
transduction, reception, response
response, transduction, reception
reception, transduction, response
What does protein phosphatase do?
Removes phosphates to shut off pathways through dephosphorylation.
Adds phosphates from ATP to proteins to relay signals.
A cell converting a chemical signal into a cellular response is known as __.
reception
transduction
response
What do secondary messengers, like cAMP, do?
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
relay & amplify a message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm
reduce the signal of a ligand
What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?
Ligand Gated Ion Channel
G-protein Coupled Receptor
A protein called Sonic Hedgehog plays a key role in vertebrate embryonic development. When this protein is released by secretory cells, it travels through the extracellular fluid and signals adjacent cells to go through the process of cell differentiation (process of cells becoming specialized). Sonic hedgehog is thought to be especially important for the development of the brain and limbs. What type of signaling is this an example of?
Synaptic Signaling (Local)
Paracrine Signaling (Local)
Endocrine Signaling (Long Distance)
Adjacent plant cells have narrow channels called plasmodesmata that pass through the cell walls of the connected cells and allow a cytoplasmic connection between the cells.
Which of the following statements best describes a primary function of plasmodesmata?
They allow the movement of molecules from one cell to another, enabling communication between cells.
They prevent the cell membrane from pulling away from the cell wall during periods of drought.
They increase the surface area available for attachment of ribosomes and thus increase protein synthesis.
Which of the following represents a signaling molecule that is used in long-distance signaling?
hormone
second messengers
neurotransmitter
Steroid hormones (non-polar/hydrophobic molecules) can passively diffuse across membranes,
True
False
What is it called when energy is added to a molecule via the addition of a phosphate group?
phosphorylation
dephosphorlation
Largest category of cell surface receptors important to animal sensory systems.
G Protein Coupled Receptors
Ligand Gated Ion Channels
Receptors located in the plasma membrane that are important to the nervous system.
G Protein Coupled Receptors
Ligand Gated Ion Channels
Phosphorylation cascades are often used for
reception
responses
amplification
termination
If ATP were unavailable, what would be the effect on this pathway?
Protein kinase A would not be produced
GDP would not bind to the transmembrane protein
The hormone would not bind to the transmembrane protein
The secondary messenger would not be produced
Classify the image by their type of communication.
Direct Contact (Animal Cell)
Direct Contact (Plant Cell)
Long Distance / Endocrine Signaling
Local Signaling / Paracrine
Local Signaling / Synaptic Signaling
Classify the image by their type of communication.
Direct Contact (Animal Cell)
Direct Contact (Plant Cell)
Long Distance / Endocrine Signaling
Local Signaling / Paracrine
Local Signaling / Synaptic Signaling
What is direct contact communication in animal cells called?
Gap Junctions
Plasmodesmata
What is the stage of signal transduction labeled A?
Transduction
Response
Reception
Endocrine
How do bacteria sense local population density?
quorum sensing
bacteria sensing
signal sensing
population sensing
When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets will rush to the site of damage and adhere to the vessel beginning the formation of a blood clot. These platelets will then release a chemical into the bloodstream, which recruits even more platelets to rush to the site of damage. As more platelets accumulate, more of the signaling chemical is released into the blood. This process will end when the blood has been sufficiently clotted and active bleeding is no longer occurring. What type of feedback loop is blood clotting an example of?
Negative Feedback Loop
Positive Feedback Loop
When we are dehydrated, ADH is released which causes more water to be absorbed into our bloodstream. What type of feedback does this represent?
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
How is negative feedback different from positive feedback?
Negative feedback harms the body
Negative feedback works to reverse a change in a system
Negative feedback is rarer than positive
Negative feedback is slower than positive feedback
A process in which an initial change will bring about more change in the same direction.
negative feedback
positive feedback
Which of the following is NOT an example of a negative feedback loop?
body maintaining a temperature of about 37°C
a ripe apple releasing ethylene, which causes more ripening
heart rate increasing when exercising to deliver more O2 to cells
Which type of feedback loop would mammals use to maintain a constant body temperature?
Postive
Negative
Mitosis results in...
2 identical diploid cells
4 unique diploid cells
2 unique haploid cells
4 identical haploid cells
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?
G1
S
G2
M Phase
The amount of DNA in a cell is measured right after mitosis and found to be 8 picograms. How many picograms of DNA would be found in a nucleus in the G2 phase?
4
8
16
24
Name the phase:
prophase
anaphase
metaphase
telophase
interphase
Which of the following best describes anaphase?
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear membrane is broken down
Sister chromatids are separated and kinetochores begin pulling chromosomes to opposite poles
Spindle fibers attach to centromeres and begin moving sister chromatids towards the cell's equator
Chromosomes decondense and two nuclei form within the cell
Which sequence puts the images in the correct order of the cell cycle?
If a cell has 20 chromosomes and under goes mitosis twelve times how many chromosomes will the daughter cell have?I
20
40
240
10
When a plant cell goes undergoes cytokinesis, _____________.
a cleavage furrow is formed
a cell plate is formed
a contractile ring is formed
Which of the following helps to regulate the cell cycle?
Internal regulators only
External regulators only
Both internal and external regulators
What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle regulation?
Cyclins regulate the process of apoptosis in the cell cycle.
Cyclins inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) at specific points in the cell cycle.
Cyclins have no role in the cell cycle regulation.
Cyclins activate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) at specific points in the cell cycle.
What is the significance of apoptosis in the cell cycle?
It helps in removing unwanted or damaged cells from the cell cycle.
It helps in repairing damaged DNA in the cell cycle
It causes the cell to divide rapidly
It has no significance in the cell cycle
Which of the following is the stage where the cell no longer divides?
G0
G1
G2
S
Which cell cycle checkpoint is the MOST IMPORTANT that verifies cell size and checks the DNA for damage?
G1 checkpoint
S checkpoint
G2 checkpoint
M checkpoint
Which cell cycle checkpoint makes sure that chromosomes are duplicated and checks for damage of the replicated DNA?
G1 checkpoint
S checkpoint
G2 checkpoint
M checkpoint
Which cell cycle checkpoint makes sure that the chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle fibers?
G1 checkpoint
S checkpoint
G2 checkpoint
M checkpoint
What is the purpose of density-dependent inhibition?
To stop cell division when there is no room
To stimulate cell growth during injury
To ensure DNA replication occurs without problems
To separate sister chromatids during mitosis
Mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle will most likely lead to what disease?
Cancer
Apoptosis
Meiosis
Diabetes
Which of the following is a true statement?
Benign tumors have cells that have broken away from the main tumor.
Malignant tumors have cells that have broken away from the main tumor.
Malignant tumors consist of cells that have stayed together.
Benign tumors spread through the blood and lymph to other organs
What can be a risk factor for cells to become cancerous?
Genetic factors
Exposure to toxins
Excessive UV light exposure
All of the above
