Creativity

Wisdom

„The evidence makes clear that gifted children show __________________________________ before practice, but they are motivated to practice a great deal to master their talent and so environmental factors contribute to the growth of their giftedness

_____________________ used factor analysis; he examined the pattern of correlation among a large number of different types of ability tests given to a large sample of people. He then found a single underlying factor of general intelligence or ‘g’

_________________________ used a wider range of tests and a different method, couldn’t find ‘g’ but found a set of seven independent factors which he called the primary mental abilities-

„Renzulli (1986) defined giftedness in his three-ring model as involving:

„Little ‘c’ creativity—relatively common small departures from daily routines—

„and big ‘C’ creativity—relatively rare major innovations which affect our culture.

„Small ‘c’ creativity can be enhanced (Nickerson, 1999).

_____________________ has argued that creativity is most usefully conceptualized as a systemic rather than an individualistic process that involves the dynamic interaction of three distinct systems:

•1. The person with his or her talents, personality traits and motivations

•2. The domain which consists of the symbol-system, rules, techniques, practices and guiding paradigm

•3. The field which consists of people working within the same domain (artists, scientists, critics, journal editors) whose activity is governed by the same domain-specific rules and practices

„According to __________________________ investment theory of creativity, individuals make creative contributions to a field when they ‘buy low and sell high’ in a field of ideas. That is, they ‘buy’ or adopt poorly developed ideas which are unpopular or unfamiliar but which have growth potential, invest creatively in these and develop them into ‘creative products’ before moving on to ‘new’ unpopular ideas with growth potential.

„A unique characteristic of the creative individual is persistence in developing a set of ideas despite resistance from the field to these new developments and a lack of acceptance.

„

______________________ at the University of Michigan extended the idea that positive emotions lead to non-zero-sum games. She has developed the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions to explain how positive affective experiences not only signal personal well-being but also contribute to personal growth and development.

„Negative emotions prepare us for _____________________ (eg, fear).

Positive emotions prepare us for _________________________ (eg, how civilizations come together, support each other, and progress)

There are 6 factors they gave that require creativity:

relatively common small departures from daily routines

relatively rare major innovations which affect our culture.

___________________ creativity can be enhanced

•Synthetic, analytical and practical ability.

•The balance theory defines wisdom as the use of one’s intelligence, creativity, common sense, and knowledge and as mediated by positive ethical values toward the achievement of a common good through a balance among

•(a) Intrapersonal i.e. personal wishes

•(b) Interpersonal i.e. things that would be good for relationship with others involved in a problem situation

•(c) Extrapersonal interests i.e. things that would be good for everyone affected by the problem situation within the society.

The model suggests that wisdom always works towards the optimal solution for the group, not the individual agent. It’s about doing the right thing. This is the ‘should’ element of wisdom, beyond the ‘could’ element of intelligence.

(a) Intrapersonal – competing interests within an individual. e.g., wanting to read a good book and wanting to watch the news.

(b) Interpersonal – competing interests amongst a group of individuals e.g. You want to go for another drink, but your friend wants to go home

(c) Extrapersonal – competing interests imposed not by a person but by something else entirely e.g., helping in the local community, serving one’s country

(a)An adaptation to existing environments – changing yourself or your behavior for a more optimal outcome in each environment

(b) shaping of existing environments – acting where possible to change our environment for a more optimal outcome

(c) selection of new environments – leaving an environment and choosing a new one when adaptation and shaping are not good options

(a)Short-term interests – what we want for our present self

(b) Long-term interests – what we want for our future self

_______________________________ affect only the individual. They have to do with one’s own sense of identity and may include such things as the desire for self-actualization, popularity, prestige, power, prosperity, or pleasure.

_______________________________ involve other people. They relate not only to one’s sense of self but also to desirable relationships with others.

_______________________________ are those that affect a wider organization, community, country, or environment.