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DNA to Proteins (and Mutations)

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

—There are a number of enzymes that work to help DNA become replicated. Which one unwinds and unzips the DNA molecule?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

DNA helicase

c)

RNA primase

d)

DNA ligase

2.

Which term means that one strand of DNA serves as the template and is an old strand while one strand of DNA is the new strand?

a)

antiparallel construction

b)

semiconservative replication

c)

semidiscontinous replication

d)

continuos replication

3.

—The twisted ladder shape of DNA is called what?

a)

single helix

b)

double helix

c)

lagging strand

d)

semiconservative replication

4.

—The DNA molecule belongs to which of the 4 major organic molecules we learned about earlier in the year?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

5.

—In eukaryotic cells, the DNA can be found on structures called ________ that are found in the cell’s ___________.

a)

histones, cytoplasm

b)

histones, nucleus

c)

chromosomes, cytoplasm

d)

chromosomes, nucleus

6.

—DNA is made of smaller structures called monomers. The monomers of DNA are called _________.

a)

nitrogenous bases

b)

nucleotides

c)

deoxyribose

d)

phosphate groups

7.

The sides of the DNA are made of a sugar ________ and a __________

a)

deoxyribose, phosphate group

b)

ribose, phosphate group

c)

deoxyribose, nitrogenous base

d)

ribose, nitrogenous base

8.

The rungs of the ladder are made of ____________ .

a)

deoxyribose sugars

b)

nucleotides

c)

nitrogenous bases

d)

phosphate groups

9.

—The four nitrogenous bases of DNA are _____, _____, ________, _________.

a)

thymine, adenine, guanine, and uracil

b)

thymine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine

c)

adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine

d)

adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

10.

Who used x-ray diffraction to discover that DNA is a double helix?

a)

Watson and Crick

b)

Griffith

c)

Wilkins and Franklin

d)

Avery, McCarty, and McLeod

11.

—Who was ultimately given credit for figuring out DNA’s structure?

a)

Avery, McCarty, and MacCleod

b)

Watson and Crick

c)

Griffith

d)

Wilkins and Franklin

12.

Which scientist discovered that the number of adenine bases equals the number of thymine and the number of guanine bases equals the number of cytosine bases?

a)

Chargaff

b)

Griffith

c)

Watson and Crick

d)

Wilkins and Franklin

13.

Looking at the diagram above, the X, Y, an Z together make a(n) _____.

a)

deoxyribose

b)

nitrogenous base

c)

nucleotide

d)

phosphate group

14.

Looking a the diagram, what do the letters W and X represent?

a)

nucleotids

b)

deoxyribose sugars

c)

phosphate groups

d)

nitrogenous bases

15.

Looking at the following diagram, letter Y must represent a(n) _____.

a)

phosphate group

b)

nitrogenous base

c)

deoxyribose sugar

d)

hydrogen bond

16.

In the diagram above, which letter represents the phosphate group?

a)

W

b)

X

c)

Y

d)

Z

17.

In the following diagram, the bond that holds together letters W and X are called _______.

a)

covalent bonds

b)

ionic bonds

c)

hydrogen bonds

d)

all of the options listed

18.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
19.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
20.

What is the correct order to make a protein?

a)

Protein, DNA, RNA

b)

RNA, DNA, Protein

c)

DNA, RNA, Protein

d)

Protein, RNA, DNA

21.

RNA contains which sugar?

a)

deoxyribose

b)

Ribose

c)

glucose

d)

fructose

22.

RNA has what base that is instead of thymine?

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

23.

What enzyme does transcription use?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

ligase

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

helicase

24.

Which RNA brings amino acids?

a)

rRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

mRNA

25.

Which RNA forms part of the ribosomes?

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

26.

Which RNA carries the message?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

27.
What is occurring in this picture?
a)
Translation
b)
Replication
c)
Translocation
d)
Transcription
28.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
29.
Which of these bases does not exist in RNA?
a)
C
b)
T
c)
U
d)
A
30.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
31.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
32.
Amino acids are the building blocks of... 
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Atoms
d)
Proteins
33.

How many nucleotides make up a codon?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

34.

Which organelle makes proteins?

a)

ribosome

b)

nucleus

c)

mitochondria

d)

chloroplast

35.

The triplets of mRNA read by a ribosome are called _____.

a)

anticodons

b)

coded gene

c)

codons

d)

rRNA

36.

What is translation?

a)

the process in which DNA is copied to make another molecule of DNA

b)

the process in which DNA is coded into mRNA

c)

the process in which mRNA is decoded into a protein

d)

the process in which enzymes break down mRNA

37.

What is the name of a chain of amino acids?

a)

hydrogen bonds

b)

polypeptide

c)

amino acid chain

d)

double helix

38.

Which amino acid matches with the following codon:

GAU

a)

GLU

b)

SER

c)

ASP

d)

ILE

39.

Which amino acid matches with the following codon:

CAC

a)

STOP

b)

HIS

c)

LYS

d)

ARG

40.

Use the mRNA below to select the correct amino acid sequence:

AUG-UCA-AAA-UAG

a)

MET-SER-LYS-STOP

b)

MET-THR-LYS-TYR

c)

LEU-SER-CYS-STOP

d)

ILE-LYS-SER-STOP

41.
Which phase of which process does this picture show?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
42.
The job of tRNA is to
a)
carry amino acids to the ribisomes
b)
carry ribisomes to the ER
c)
carry glucose to mitochondria
d)
carry mRNA out of the nucleus
43.
The codon is located on the 
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
rRNA
44.
What type of chromosomal mutation has occurred?
a)
substitution
b)
insertion
c)
deletion
d)
nondisjunction
45.
A chromosome is found to be shorter than it's homologous match.  Which type of mutation would this most likely be?
a)
insertion
b)
deletion
c)
translocation
d)
inversion
46.
Identify the mutation in the picture.
a)
Inversion
b)
Deletion
c)
Duplication
d)
Translocation
47.
Identify the mutation in the picture.
a)
Inversion
b)
Duplication
c)
Deletion
d)
Translocation
48.
Identify the mutation in the picture.
a)
Deletion
b)
Inversion
c)
Duplication
d)
Translocation
49.
When can a mutation be passed on to offspring?
a)
only when the mutation is present during or occurs during mitosis
b)
only when the mutation is present during or occurs during meiosis
c)
when the mutation occurs during mitosis or meiosis
d)
when the mutation occurs in somatic cells
50.
What process occurs during meiosis that can result in chromosomal disorders?
a)
crossing over
b)
non-disjunction
c)
anaphase I
d)
prophase II
51.
A chromosome is found to be shorter than it's homologous match.  Which type of mutation would this most likely be?
a)
insertion
b)
deletion
c)
translocation
d)
inversion
52.
An example of a mutation where a piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome is called ___.
a)
trisomy
b)
translocation
c)
inversion
d)
deletion
53.

Notice the abnormal 23rd chromosome. This individual has an extra X chromosome. What type of mutation is this?

a)

Translocation

b)

Nondisjunction

c)

Dublication

d)

Inversion

e)

Deletion

54.
ATTTGAGCC- Original
ATTGAGCC - Mutated
The example above is an example of a 
a)
Insertion- Frameshift
b)
Deletion- Substitution
c)
Deletion -Frameshift
d)
All of the above
55.
In a point mutation, this would have the worst effect on the function of the protein 
a)
an insertion or deletion near the end of a gene
b)
an insertion or deletion at the beginning of the gene
c)
an insertion at the middle of the gene
d)
a base substitution
56.
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
a)
Insertions only
b)
Substitution only
c)
Deletion only
d)
Insertions and Deletions
57.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
58.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
59.
Set of nitrogen bases that are complementary to one codon
a)
peptide bond
b)
polypeptide
c)
anti-codon
d)
amino acid
60.

The addition, removal, or replacement of a single nucleotide nitrogen base

a)

Cell Mutation

b)

Chromosome Mutation

c)

Point Mutation

d)

Other Outcome

61.

A change in the DNA sequence that doesn't change protein made.

a)

Nonsense

b)

Silent

c)

Missense

d)

Substitution

62.

A change in the DNA sequence that results in a premature stop codon

a)

Nonsense

b)

Silent

c)

Missense

d)

Substitution

63.

A particular DNA sequence is made up of 46 codons, if a frameshift mutation were to occur at the 12th codon how many codons would be affected?

a)

35

b)

all of them

c)

just the 12th codon

d)

none of them this is a silent mutation

64.

Identify the outcome of the following mutation:

Normal gene - UUU ACA AAG GCU UAG

Mutated Gene - UUU ACA UAG GCU UAG

a)

silent Mutation

b)

missense mutation

c)

nonsense mutation

65.

Identify the type of mutation that occurred and the outcome of it:

Normal Gene - CAU AUC GUA UUU UAA

Mutated Gene - CAA UAU CGU AUU UUAA

a)

Substitution

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

d)

Silent

e)

Missense

66.

Identify the type of mutation that occurred and the outcome of the mutation:

Normal Gene - TAC TTT GTC AAA

Mutated Gene - TAC TTC GTC AAA

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Missense mutation-the codon TTT has a mistake in it

d)

Silent mutation- the second codon still codes for the amino acid PHE after the mutation. The protein is not affected

e)

Silent mutation- the second codon still codes for the amino acid LYS after the mutation. The protein is not affected

67.

The portion or segment of the DNA strand that codes for a particular protein is called a _____________________.

a)

gene

b)

chromosome

c)

codon

d)

anticodon

68.

Which statement best defines a mutation?

a)

a physical trait that negatively impacts the organism

b)

an adaptive trait that allows the individual to be better fit for survival

c)

a change in the order, number, or type of bases in the genetic code

d)

an identical copy of the original DNA strand

69.

Mutations can be beneficial because they increase genetic _____________________ and can make the individual and species more likely to survive.

a)

diseases

b)

complications

c)

disorders

d)

diversity

70.

Mutations that change the amino acid specified by the codon, affecting the amino acid sequence, are called:

a)

nonsense mutations

b)

missense mutations

c)

silent mutations

d)

all of the above

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