In contrast to the American Revolution, the French Revolution

The 1st Industrial Revolution focused on factories and steam power. The 2nd Industrial Revolution focused on all of the following except:

Which one of the following was NOT one of the basic ideals of the Enlightenment thinkers?

“Americans today . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products which are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity, and the barriers between American provinces, designed to prevent all exchange of trade, traffic, and understanding.”

Simón Bolívar, Jamaica Letter, 1815

The quotation above best supports which of the following conclusions about the author’s motives for resistance to Spanish colonial rule in Latin America?

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750–1900 ?

Which of the following developments in the period 1878–1922 best explains the change in Japanese trade patterns shown in the graphs above?

A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700's and spread to the colonies. It emphasized reason and the scientific method.

An Enlightenment concept; an agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed;

sense of commonality based on language, religion, ideas, and territory; sometimes harnessed by governments to foster a sense of unity

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women; wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women, a famous feminist document in 1792

the right to vote in political elections

Adopted August 26, 1789, statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.

The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

Was an important leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti; in a long struggle against the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797

practical politics, ends justified the means, power more important than principles; utilized by Otto von Bismarck to unify Germany

Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) in order to create a sense of national unity; assisted German unification in 1871

Descendents of Spanish-born but born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status.

A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in England c. 1750

Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution; work was highly skilled and valued

(1871-1914) Involved development of chemical, electrical, oil, and steel industries. Mass production of consumer goods also developed at this time through the mechanization of the manufacture of food and clothing.

A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in the 1830s and 1840s.

Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952.

In 1868, a Japanese state-sponsored industrialization and Westernization effort that also involved the elimination of the Shogunate and power being handed over to the Japanese Emperor,

Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations in 1776, a precursor to modern capitalism/laissez-faire

hands off approach to economic development; the government should limit its interference in the economy

A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers; rose to wealth and prominence during the Industrial Revolution: Marx called it the Bourgeosie

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in cities as opposed to the countryside.

1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Believed in a classless society.

Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style universities, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876

A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution.

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

Marx's term for the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

The IR had what impact on wages, long-term?

Nationalism led to the unification of which two states?

Japan's new era of industrialization and partial Westernization is the

The IR began in

The industrial revolution at first limited factories to

New forms of energy during the IR:

the IR is the transition from ___ labor to ____ labor.

The railroads helped all EXCEPT?

Which states answered socialist theories with more social welfare programs?

Balkan nationalism resulted in loss of land for ____.

Which class of women faced a decline of freedom in the Industrial Era?

social changes: The average age of marriage