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Cells Part II Review

Total questions: 101

Worksheet time: 2hrs 28mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is DNA and RNA made up of?

a)

Nucleotides

b)

Monosaccharides

c)

Polysaccharides

d)

Sugars

2.

Which of the following are nucleotides NOT made up of?

a)

A carbon compound

b)

A sugar

c)

A phosphate group

d)

A nitrogen-containing base

3.

What shape is DNA?

a)

A double helix

b)

A single strand

c)

A pleated sheet

d)

An omega helix

4.

What does DNA stand for?

a)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

b)

Ribonucleic acid

c)

Deoxynucleic acid

d)

Nucleic acid

5.

What does RNA stand for?

a)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

b)

Ribonucleic acid

c)

Deoxynucleic acid

d)

Nucleic acid

6.

How many polynucleotide chains make up RNA?

a)

2

b)

1

c)

3

d)

4

7.

What four nitrogen base pairs make up DNA?

a)

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

b)

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

c)

Adenine, Thymine, Glucose, Cytosine

d)

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Fructose

8.

What four nitrogen base pairs make up RNA?

a)

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

b)

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

c)

Adenine, Thymine, Glucose, Cytosine

d)

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Fructose

9.

What base pair does Adenine (A) bind with in DNA?

a)

Guanine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Thymine

d)

Uracil

10.

What base pair does Guanine (G) bind with in both DNA and RNA?

a)

Guanine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Thymine

d)

Uracil

11.

What base pair does Adenine (A) bind with in RNA?

a)

Guanine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Thymine

d)

Uracil

12.

How would you read the second strand to this first strand? 5'-ATTGACC-3’

a)

3’-TAACTGG-5’

b)

5’-TAACTGG-3’

c)

3'-CGGTCAA-5'

d)

5'-CGGTCAA-3'

13.

Where in the cell can DNA be found?

a)

In the ribosomes

b)

In the nucleus

c)

In the cytoplasm

d)

All of the above

14.

For the given DNA sequence, what would the complementary RNA sequence be?


A-G-G-C-T-A

a)

T-G-C-A-A-G

b)

U-C-C-G-A-U

c)

U-C-G-C-A-U

d)

T-C-C-G-A-T

15.

DNA codes for which of the following?

a)

Monosaccharides

b)

Traits

c)

Proteins

d)

Ribosomes

16.

RNA codes for which of the following?

a)

Monosaccharides

b)

Traits

c)

Proteins

d)

Ribosomes

17.

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

a)

Phosphate group

b)

Nitrogenous base

c)

Thymine

d)

Sugar

e)

Hydrogen

18.

If cytosine accounts for 32% of a DNA molecule's total bases, what percentage will guanine account for?

a)

68%

b)

32%

c)

64%

d)

18%

19.

The process of DNA replication is called semi conservative because it results in

a)

none of these

b)

Two DNA molecules.  One original molecule and one with two new strands

c)

two exact copies with new strands

d)

two DNA molecules, each with 1 original strand and one new.

20.

Why does DNA replicate?

a)

To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged

b)

New cells will have a copy of the DNA

c)

To create a new copy to replace the damaged original

21.

Nitrogen bases are joined by which type of bond?

a)

polar bonds

b)

hydrogen bonds

c)

phosphate bonds

d)

deoxyribose bonds

22.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

23.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

24.

Which is the first step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

25.

Which is the second step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

26.

Which is the third step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

27.

Which is the fourth step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

28.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

29.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

30.

DNA replication runs from ______' to _____' and is said to be ______________________

a)

5, 3, antiparallel

b)

3, 5, antiparallel

c)

5, 3, parallel

d)

3, 5, parallel

31.

Okazaki fragments appear on which strand of DNA during DNA replication?

a)

lagging

b)

leading

32.

The directionality of DNA is said to be ___________, because it is side by side by goes in opposite directions.

a)

Anti-directional

b)

Parallel

c)

Anti-parallel

d)

Anti-uniform

33.

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

dRNA

34.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

35.

These building blocks consist of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.

a)

Ribose

b)

Nucleotide

c)

Gene

d)

Protein

36.

A string of nucleotides that contain the information to make a specific protein

a)

Ribose

b)

Amino Acids

c)

tRNA

d)

Gene

37.

During translation, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for delivering amino acids to help make a protein.

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

dRNA

38.

mRNA occurs during this process

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Delivery

39.

How many amino acids are found on one tRNA?

a)

20

b)

4

c)

1

d)

3

40.
This is the triplet of bases on the end of a tRNA molecule
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
41.
The process where DNA is transcribed to mRNA happens in what part of the cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
42.
The function of ______ is to combine with proteins to form ribosomes.
a)
rRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
mRNA
d)
DNA
43.
The process where mRNA is read and made into an amino acid chain.
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Transportation
d)
Transient
44.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
45.
What is the mRNA strand that would result from the DNA template strand CCTA?
a)
GGAT
b)
CCAT
c)
GGAU
d)
CCAU
46.
The process where mRNA is translated into amino acids happens in what part of the cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
47.
The principle shown in the image is called what?
a)
Transcription
b)
The Central Dogma
c)
Translation
d)
The Principle of Proteins
48.
Which of these nitrogenous bases is NOT in RNA?
a)
Uracil
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Guanine
49.
DNA holds the code for
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
protein
d)
sugar
50.
The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.
a)
cell
b)
nucleotide
c)
nucleus
51.

Why must transcription occur in the nucleus?

a)

because DNA can't leave the nucleus

b)

because ribosomes are in the nucleus

c)

because DNA polymerase is found there

d)

because helicase unzips the DNA

52.

How are DNA and RNA different? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

a)

Only DNA can leave the nucleus

b)

RNA contains Thymine; DNA contains Uracil

c)

DNA is double stranded, RNA is a single stranded

d)

DNA contains Thymine, RNA contains Uracil

53.

Which organelle contains rRNA and reads the mRNA to synthesize a protein?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

54.

What brings the amino acids to the ribosome to assemble a protein?

a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)

DNA

55.

Which anticodon would be placed in spot #2

a)

GGC

b)

CCA

c)

GGA

d)

GGT

56.

Which process does this diagram illustrate?

a)

transcription

b)

DNA replication

c)

translation

57.

What determines the shape and function of a protein?

a)

The sequence of amino acids

b)

The type of ribosome that assembles the protein

c)

The cell that manufactures the protein

58.

True or False: mRNA contains anticodons and tRNA contains codons.

a)

True

b)

False

59.

Mutations can be negative because

a)

They can cause cancer

b)

They can cause birth defects

c)

They can help an organism thrive in its environment.

d)

They can affect offspring.

60.

Mutations can benefit humans because they can:

a)

Cause illness

b)

Make an organism more suited to live in its environment.

c)

Make organisms live shorter lives

d)

Cause organisms to grow extra limbs.

61.
What causes mutations?
a)
Mistakes in replication or environmental substances
b)
The amino acids
c)
Passed down by genetics
d)
It's how your born
62.

Another name for a point mutation is:

a)

Substitution

b)

Frameshift

c)

Insertion

d)

Deletion

63.

ATTTGAGCC- Original

ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion

b)

Point mutation

c)

Deletion

d)

Substitution

64.

Mutations are SOMETIMES helpful to the organism.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

A mutation in which only one nucleotide is altered is called a:

a)

Frameshift Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Point Mutation

d)

Insertion Mutation

66.

Another name for a point mutation is:

a)

Substitution

b)

Frameshift

c)

Insertion

d)

Deletion

67.
Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
68.
A chromosome is found to be shorter than it's homologous match.  Which type of mutation would this most likely be?
a)
insertion
b)
deletion
c)
translocation
d)
inversion
69.

A piece of a chromosome is copied and remains within the chromosome

a)

deletion

b)

duplication

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

70.

A piece of the chromosome detches, turns 180 degrees, and reattaches

a)

deletion

b)

duplication

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

71.

Genetic mutations can be...

a)

beneficial, harmful, or neutral

b)

beneficial only

c)

harmful only

d)

neutral only

72.

When an offspring grows off from the body of a parent organism it is called __________________.

a)

budding

b)

fission

c)

fragmentation

d)

sporulation

73.

____________________ occurs when a male gamete (sperm) combines with a female gamete (egg).

a)

sporulation

b)

fertilization

c)

fission

d)

regeneration

74.

How many parents are required for sexual reproduction?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

75.
All of the offspring of an organism have the same genetic material, which is identical to the parent organism. From this, we can conclude that this organism -
a)
makes its own food
b)
is unicellular
c)
live in a marine habitat
d)
reproduces asexually
76.
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
Allows genetic variation
b)
Only needs one parent
c)
Happens very quickly
d)
Offspring are exact copies of parent
77.
What is one disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
a)
Only one parent needed
b)
Off spring are exact copies of parents
c)
Happens very quickly
d)
Needs two parents
78.
When a starfish grows a new body off a broken arm, what kind of reproduction is this?
a)
Sexual
b)
Differentiation
c)
Asexual 
d)
Specialization
79.

New PLANTS are reproduced from roots, stems, or leaves of the parent plant (Ex: Strawberries, Potatoes)

a)

Sexual Reproduction

b)

Vegetative Reproduction

c)

Budding

d)

Regeneration

80.

Which of the following is not a benefit of asexual reproduction?

a)

Offspring will be successful in an unchanged environment.

b)

Good at adapting to changing environments.

c)

Only requires one parent to produce offspring.

d)

Can reproduce rapidly.

81.

Asexual reproduction is associated with what type of cell division?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

82.

What is the type of cell division associated with sexual reproduction?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

83.

If a cow has 60 chromosomes in a somatic cell how many chromosomes would be in a cow's sex cell?

a)

60

b)

120

c)

30

d)

90

84.

95% of the cells life cycle

Stage where DNA is copied

a)

Interphase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Prophase

85.

Nuclear membrane disappears

Chromosomes can now be seen

Centrioles move to opposite sides

a)

Metaphase

b)

Interphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Prophase

86.

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

Spindle fibers extend from the centrioles to the middle of the chromosomes

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Interphase

87.

Chromatids separate

a)

Anaphase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Prophase

d)

Telophase

88.

Nuclear membrane reforms around the new daughter cells.

Cytoplasm begins to "pinch" in.

a)

Anaphase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Interphase

89.
Before cells can divide, what must be copied?
a)
mitochondria
b)
cytoplasm
c)
DNA
d)
Cell Wall
90.

During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

a)

G1 phase

b)

G2 phase

c)

S phase

d)

M phase

91.
In the G1 stage of the cell cycle, the cell
a)
Grows
b)
Matures
c)
Carries on normal activities
d)
All of the above
92.
The middle part that holds the two chromatids together is called the
a)
Chromatin
b)
Centriole
c)
Centromere
d)
Nucleus
93.
What is the name of the structure labeled X?
a)
Centriole
b)
Centrosome
c)
Chromatid
d)
Chromosome 
94.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
95.
The process of crossing over occurs in what meiotic phase?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
prophase 1
c)
prophase 2
d)
telophase 1
96.

Meiosis would occur in which of these cells?

a)

skin cells

b)

liver cells

c)

brain cells

d)

sperm cells

97.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
98.

In humans, sperm cell have ___________ chromosomes and are ___________________, while skin cells have _____________ chromosomes are are diploid.

a)

23. haploid. 46 diploid

b)

46. haploid. 23. diploid

c)

23 diploid. 46 haploid

d)

46. diploid. 23. haploid.

99.
Crossing over helps promote ?
a)
male genotype
b)
genetic variation
c)
DNA replication
d)
mitosis
100.
Diploid Cells are represented by
a)
2n
b)
n
c)
4n
d)
1/2 n
101.
When homologous chromosomes match up, they form a structure call a ___________.
a)
tetrad (pair of chromosomes, one from mom and one from dad)
b)
triad
c)
diploid
d)
quad (group of 4 replicated chromosomes, 2 from mom and 2 from dad)

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