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Evolution

Total questions: 159

Worksheet time: 2hrs 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following are the result of artificial selection

a)

dog breeds

b)

sharp canine teeth of wolves

c)

the wide variety of apples at the store

d)

bird's mating calls

2.

Places on a phylogenetic tree where organisms share a common ancestor are called...

a)

Nodes

b)

Branches

c)

Taxa

d)

Species

3.

The field of biology that classifies organisms is called...

a)

Taxonomy

b)

Phylogeny

c)

Paleontology

d)

Embryology

4.

What is a fossil

a)

a rock or mineral

b)

a living organism

c)

a DNA specimen

d)

the preserved remains of a once living organism

5.

Cladogram

a)

the branch of biology that studies the relationship between organisms in order to classify them into related groups based on shared characteristics

b)

a specific type of phylogenetic tree in which all evolutionary relationships are linked back to a common ancestor shared by all species in the tree

c)

a real or theoretical species from which two or more recent species evolved

d)

None of these are correct

6.

Two organisms that are closely related would have

a)

very similar DNA sequences

b)

identical DNA sequences

c)

very few DNA sequences

d)

completely different DNA sequence

7.

The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?

a)

Fossils A and C are the same age

b)

Fossil B is older than fossil C

c)

Fossils A is older than fossil B

d)

Fossil D is older than fossil C

8.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
9.

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known as

a)

vestigial structures

b)

unknown structures

c)

homologous structures

d)

fossilized structures

10.

At which stage of scientific thinking are scientists most likely to consider the data and conclusions of other scientists to propose new experiments?

a)

observing

b)

testing hypotheses

c)

analyzing data

d)

forming hypotheses

11.

Which of the following is NOT a domain of life?

a)

Prokarya

b)

Eukarya

c)

Eubacteria

d)

Archaebacteria

12.

This scientist believed that organisms changed over time from simple to complex, passing acquired traits to offspring.

a)

Darwin

b)

Cuvier

c)

Wallace

d)

Lamark

13.

Phylogenetic trees show...

a)

Homologous structures through divergent evolution

b)

Homologous structures through convergent evolution

c)

Analogous structures through divergent evolution

d)

Analogous structures through convergent evolution

14.

unborn or unhatched animal with a backbone

a)

invertebrate embryo

b)

vertebrate embryo

15.

The illustration below shows the morphological change of two species. Which statement explains why species 1 and species 2 are different?

a)

An individual changed itself to suit the environment

b)

Natural selection can cause gradual speciation changes

c)

Interbreeding of species 2 results in no genetic mutations

d)

Extinction of ancestor species occurs as a result of interbreeding

16.

Evolution is considered a Theory because

a)

is has not been proven yet

b)

scientists are still not sure if it is true

c)

there is a lot of evidence, BUT scientists are not 100% certain

d)

it is supported by evidence AND the scientific community has accepted it

17.
Giraffes evolve by stretching their necks to reach higher leaves.
a)
True
b)
False
18.

Natural selection and Artificial selection refer to the same process.

a)

True

b)

False

19.

a technique that uses radioactive decay to determine the age of objects, such as rocks, fossils, etc.

a)

vestigial structure

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

radiometric dating

d)

none of these are correct

20.

Gene

a)

a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein or nucleic acid, like RNA

b)

a tree like diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship of two or more species

c)

a real or theoretical species from which two or more species evolved

d)

none of these are correct

21.
Which feature helps an animal hide from other animals?
a)
looking like a dangerous animal
b)
being the same color as the place it lives (camoflauge)
c)
having sharp claws or a strong shel
d)
having only a few young and caring for them
22.

According to maximum parsimony...

a)

The simpler your phylogenetic tree, the better

b)

Phylogenetic trees should have many branches

c)

All organisms in a phylogenetic tree must descend from a common ancestor

d)

Phylogenetic trees must show all traits

23.

The groups in a phylogenetic tree are called...

a)

Taxa

b)

Nodes

c)

Roots

d)

Branches

24.

Who created a classification system based on similarities between organisms?

a)

Linnaeus

b)

LaMarck

c)

Darwin

d)

Wallace

25.

Which of the following statements about endosymbiotic theory is FALSE?

a)

Two (2) prokaryotes coevolved the form the first eukaryote

b)

One prokaryote absorbed another prokaryote

c)

Explains the evolution of the mitochondria and chloroplast

d)

Prokaryotes evolved from the first eukaryotes

26.

The remains, imprints, or traces of living things from a previous geological age

a)

sedimentary rock

b)

fossils

c)

radioactive decay

d)

radioactive dating

27.

This scientist believed that organisms changed over time from simple to complex, due to natural selection

a)

Wallace

b)

Cuvier

c)

Lyell

d)

Lamark

28.

Phylogeny is...

a)

The study of classification of different species

b)

The study of the evolutionary history of a species

c)

The study of prehistoric life

d)

The study of the distribution of different species

29.

Phylogenetic trees show...

a)

Evolutionary relationships between different species

b)

How one species has evolved through time

c)

Which species has evolved the most

d)

Which species have evolved from other species

30.

Adaptation refers to

a)

a beneficial trait

b)

how species change

c)

being able to adapt

d)

differences between individuals

31.

In which way are these embryos similar?

a)

They are genetically identical

b)

They contain the same number of cells

c)

They are beginning to form a head and backbone

d)

They will mature at the same rate

32.

The purpose of cladograms is to show

-CHOOSE BEST ANSWER-

a)

how many traits a species has

b)

the traits that two species share

c)

how closely related species are

d)

which traits are considered adaptations

33.

Selective breeding and Artificial selection refer to the SAME process.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

Humans breeding certain animals with desirable traits is called

a)

adaptation

b)

fitness

c)

artificial selection

d)

natural selection

35.

Species evolve because

a)

if they didn't, they would go extinct

b)

some individuals have more successful traits than others

c)

they need to

d)

some individuals are able to change their traits as needed

36.

The picture shows the change in the fur of an arctic hare from summer to winter. Which of the following statements best describes how this change helps arctic hares?

a)

It lowers their body temperature

b)

It protects their eyes from sunlight

c)

It helps them move on slippery ice

d)

It makes them less visible to predators

37.

Common ancestor

a)

A sequence of DNA that codes for proteins

b)

A collection of 20 molecules that link together to form proteins

c)

large molecules that are encoded by DNA

d)

a real or theoretical species from which two or more recent species evolved

38.

Which two species are more closely related

a)

C & F

b)

B & F

c)

D & F

d)

G & F

39.

How do fossils demonstrate common ancestry?

a)

By evaluating their position in the fossil record

b)

By evaluating their functions

c)

By being their purpose in being

d)

By possessing similar anatomical structures

40.

This scientist believed that organisms changed over time from simple to complex, due to natural selection

a)

Darwin

b)

Cuvier

c)

Lyell

d)

Lamark

41.

Amino acids

a)

a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein or nucleic acid, like RNA

b)

a collection of 20 molecules that link together to form proteins

c)

large molecules that are encoded by RNA and perform plant cell functions

d)

None of the above are correct

42.

What word do we use to describe the process of biological change in organisms over time?

a)

Fossilization

b)

Evolution

c)

Mutation

d)

Amorphism

43.

A fossil of an extinct dinosaur is found and the anatomy of the fossil is similar to that of modern birds. What could this mean?

a)

This is purely by chance and isn't significant

b)

The extinct dinosaur and modern bird share a common ancestor

c)

All dinosaurs evolved into birds and that's why there aren't any dinosaurs alive today

d)

Dinosaurs choose to fly, and evolved into birds to escape predators and to capture food

44.

What do the similarities of these structures suggest?

a)

that these species share a common ancestor

b)

that these species grow at different rates

c)

that these species evolved slowly

d)

that these species lived a long time

45.

Taxonomy

a)

the branch of biology that studies the relationship between organisms in order to classify them into related groups based on shared characteristics

b)

a specific type of phylogenetic tree in which all evolutionary relationships are linked back to a common ancestor shared by all species in the tree

c)

a hypothesis presented by Charles Darwin that states that all life on Earth evolved from a single common ancestor billions of years ago

d)

The study of taxes related to economics

46.
These moths are all the same species. The differences between their wings is an example of ________________
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Variation
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Extinction
47.

a group of organisms that share a common ancetor

a)

clade

b)

metamorphosis

c)

physiology

48.

Which level of biological classification is the LEAST specific?

a)

Domain

b)

Kingdom

c)

Genus

d)

Family

49.

tetrapod

a)

a three legged animal

b)

a two legged animal

c)

a four legged animal

d)

none of these

50.

Proteins

a)

a tree like diagram that shows the relationships between species

b)

a hypothesis presented by charles darwin

c)

species from which two or more species recently evolved from

d)

large molecules that are encoded by DNA and perform most functions for the cell

51.
Wrasse fish feed on the parasites found on the black sea bass's body (usually in the mouth). This is like dental floss for the fish and both species benefit.
This is an example of which type of symbiosis?
a)
Commensalism
b)
Mutualism
c)
Parasitism
d)
Predation
52.

According to the diagram, which bird has the most similar DNA to a large tree finch?

a)

small tree finch

b)

medium tree finch

c)

large ground finch

d)

green warbler finch

53.

Which level of biological classification is the MOST specific?

a)

Phylum

b)

Kingdom

c)

Order

d)

Species

54.

This scientist believed that changes in the fossil record were due to the fact that catastrophic events were wiping out species from the beginning of time.

a)

Wallace

b)

Cuvier

c)

Lyell

d)

Lamark

55.
Bacteria in the intestines of cows gain nutrients and aid in the cow's'  digestion
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
competition
56.

The fossilized jawbones in the diagram above show the changes in organisms over time. According to the diagrams, which of the following is a likely conclusion?

a)

These fossils provide evidence that evolution occurs over long periods of time

b)

These fossils belonged to organisms that were large and slow moving

c)

These fossils lack similar characteristics in their structural design

d)

These fossils provide evidence that evolution occurs rapidly.

57.

The factors that affect an organism's fitness and causes species to evolve are called

a)

adaptation

b)

artificial selection

c)

fitness

d)

selection pressures

58.

a field of study that compares and contrasts the body structures of organisms to gain a better understanding of how life on Earth evolved

a)

comparative anatomy

b)

vertebrate embryos

c)

radiometric dating

d)

radioactive decay

59.

In binomial nomenclatures, in which order are the names listed?

a)

Genus, Species

b)

Species, Genus

c)

Phylum, Order

d)

Order, Phylum

60.

If an organism is unsuccessful in finding mates, but has a very long life, their fitness is

a)

unaffected

b)

high

c)

low

d)

zero

61.

Two species who are close on a cladogram means that they...

a)

Live in the same environment

b)

Are less related than species further apart

c)

Share a recent common ancestor

d)

Are actually the same species

62.

relationship between organism in which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed or benefited

a)

parasitism

b)

mutualism

c)

commensalism

d)

symbolism

63.

A trait that comes from an organism's behavior

a)

inherited trait

b)

acquired trait

c)

descent with modification

d)

modern synthesis

64.

The stable ecosystem that develops due to succession is called ____.

a)

niche

b)

habitat

c)

forest

d)

climax community

65.

Before plants can reuse many organic materials, the materials must be broken down by _______.

a)

parasites

b)

viruses

c)

decomposers

d)

scavengers

66.

The variety of life across the biosphere is called

a)

biodiversity

b)

genomic

c)

homeostasis

d)

ecology

67.
Magda is a tall, 11 year old drummer. She has a scar on her right cheek. She is good at swimming. Which of her traits did Magda most likely inherit?
a)
height
b)
the scar
c)
ability to swim
d)
ability to play drums
68.
A scientist puts 100 houseflies in a sealed container; then sprays an insecticide into the container.  Ninety-six of the flies die.  Four survive.  The scientist lets the survivors mate and produce offspring, then repeats the experiment with 100 offspring.  Fifty-six of them survive the spray.  This experimental result is evidence of – 
a)
adaptive radiation 
b)
speciation
c)
natural selection
d)
extinction
69.

How is natural selection in the evolution of long necks in giraffes best explained?

a)

Long-necked giraffes mated with other long-necked giraffes.

b)

Giraffes with longer necks survived because they were better suited to the environment

c)

Giraffe necks grew longer because of the bone structure of the animals

d)

Shorter-necked giraffes were killed by long-necked giraffes

70.

relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other

a)

mutualism

b)

parasitism

c)

commensalism

d)

symbolism

71.

Natural selection means

a)

Only organisms with the best traits for their environment survive

b)

Only organisms with the best traits for their environment survive and reproduce

c)

Only fast organisms survive and reproduce

d)

Organisms' traits change over time due to predators

72.
How do adaptations help animals?
a)
To escape animals
b)
to hunt for food
c)
to survive in their habitats
d)
All of these are correct
73.
Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin’s observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galápagos Islands? 
a)
artificial selection
b)
adaptation
c)
acquired characteristics
d)
tendency towards perfection
74.
This is a process in which organisms gradually change over time.
a)
Environment
b)
Competition
c)
Evolution
d)
Fossils
75.

Finch species in the Galapagos Islands have a wide variety of beak shapes. The theory of natural selection suggests that these differences arose because:

a)

changes occurred over a short period of time

b)

finches with certain beak shapes survived in greater numbers

c)

conscious decisions allowed certain finches to survive

d)

individual finches adapted to their environment

76.

What is a fossil?

a)

The remains/traces of a once living organisms

b)

Something that is old/ancient

c)

A bone of a living organism

77.

A physical environment with different species that interact with one another and with nonliving things is called a(n)

a)

biosphere

b)

ecosystem

c)

habitat

d)

adaptation

78.

A random change in a small population's allele frequency is known as

a)

Gene pool

b)

Genetic drift

c)

Variation

d)

Fitness

79.
Which of the following explains adaptation.
a)
An individual organism changes to meet its needs in the environment. These changes pass down to their offspring.
b)
The species as a whole changes their characteristics.
c)
Beneficial traits allow organism to survive and pass on those traits
d)
New characteristics arise in a species as needed.  If these traits are helpful, they are passed down.
80.

cougars are predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. this is a description of the ___ of cougars.

a)

habitat

b)

community

c)

niche

d)

none of these

81.
Who was the first naturalist to study evolution?
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Gregor Mendal
c)
Carolus Linneaus
d)
Thomas Edison
82.

A theory is like an educated guess that could be right or wrong.

a)

true

b)

false

83.

study of how living things relate to each other and their environment

a)

evolution

b)

ecology

c)

parasitology

d)

ethology

84.
Which statement does not accurately describe natural selection?
a)
Individual organisms change their genes to adapt to their environment
b)
The genetic composition of a population changes from one generation to the next
c)
More advantageous traits become more common in population
d)
Beneficial and useful traits are inheritable
85.
This is a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area.
a)
Environment
b)
Evolution
c)
Biological diversity
d)
Populations
86.

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through _____.

a)

burning of forests

b)

photosynthesis

c)

combustion of fossil fuels

d)

all of these

87.
Individuals with favorable traits survive, reproduce, and pass their traits onto their offspring.  This is called
a)
Mutation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Evolution
d)
Natural Selection
88.

During an experiment, which factors are observed and measured?

a)

dependent variables

b)

independent variables

c)

constants

d)

hypotheses

89.

What animals did Charles Darwin Study?

a)

Cats.

b)

Cows.

c)

Dogs.

d)

Finches.

90.

All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up

a)

a community

b)

the water cycle

c)

a population

d)

the habitat

91.

The type of selection in which individuals at one end of a curve have the highest fitness is called?

a)

Directional selection

b)

Disruptive selection

c)

Diversifying selection

d)

Founder effect

92.
The term biodiversity means:
a)
a wide variety of plants and animals in an ecosystem
b)
only a few types of plants and animals in an ecosystem
c)
an ecosystem composed mostly of plants
d)
an ecosystem composed mostly of animals
93.
Why is edge effect bad
a)
Its different at the edge than it is a the center
b)
Many species lose their homes
94.

Which of the following examples could be considered an “invasive species?”

a)

An oxpecker eats the bugs and parasites off a zebra.

b)

Clownfish live amid the tentacles of the anemones which protects them from predators.

c)

A hearty kudzu vine overtakes competing plants, leaving only itself.

d)

Mites will attach to wasps, flies or beetles for transportation.

95.

An uncut lawn eventually becomes a meadow and then a forest. This process is an example of ______.

a)

aphotic zones

b)

primary succession

c)

secondary succession

d)

estuary

96.
This is a process in which organisms gradually change over time.
a)
Environment
b)
Competition
c)
Evolution
d)
Fossils
97.

The remains or impressions of organisms that lived in the past

a)

common descent

b)

acquired trait

c)

fossils

d)

natural selection

98.

The study and manipulation of DNA on a molecular level is known as

a)

biochemistry

b)

genomes

c)

molecular genetics

d)

evolution

99.
 The best definition for biological evolution is?
a)
A.  When Earth’s processes cause change overtime.
b)
B.  When rock’s change over time.
c)
C.  When a species changes      overtime.
100.

The range of all  conditions in which a species lives and how it gets what it needs to survive and reproduce.
a)
population
b)
ecosystem
c)
niche
d)
biology
101.

Theory stating the evolution involves changes in a population's gene pool over time

a)

descent with modification

b)

modern synthesis

c)

common descent

d)

genetics

102.

Joaquin recorded in his field journal that he had observed 18 blue birds feeding outside his classroom window. This is an example of what type of observation?

a)

hypothetical

b)

theoretical

c)

quantitative

d)

qualitative

103.

What are homologous structures?

a)

Structures that look similar

b)

Structures that have the same function

c)

Structures that are not used

d)

Old embryos

104.
Which is an example of intraspecific competition
a)
2 types of bacteria competing for food
b)
Big horn sheep competing for mates
c)
Trees in the rain forest competing for light
d)
Lions and leopards competing for food 
105.

How have computer models expanded biological research?

a)

they help scientists design better experiments

b)

they simulate complex biological systems that cannot be studied directly

c)

they give scientists the ability to observe molecules directly

d)

they allow the use of human experimental subjects

106.
Why is genetic diversity important?
a)
A population with less species  diversity is more likely to survive an outbreak of disease since less species means less chance of disease spread.
b)
A population with less species  diversity is more likely to survive the competition among species.
c)
A population with more genetic diversity is more likely to survive environmental changes, a disease outbreak, or the disappearance of a food source.
d)
A population with less genetic diversity is more likely to survive changes food supply and demand.
107.
These are natural differences within a species.
a)
Evolution
b)
Genetic variation
c)
Biological diversity
d)
Populations
108.

Organisms rely on both negative feedback processes and behavior to maintain

a)

homeostasis

b)

adaptations

c)

ecosystems

d)

evolution

109.

Parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism are examples of _______.

a)

food chains

b)

food webs

c)

symbiosis

d)

trophic levels

110.

The various parts of Earth's biosphere are connected and

a)

similar

b)

nonliving

c)

diverse

d)

aquatic

111.

Evolution is a long process of change within an entire population of species over many generations.

a)

true

b)

false

112.

Carrying Capacity is defined as...

a)

The variation of species within an ecosystem.

b)

A living community of interacting organisms & their habitat.

c)

The number of organisms an ecosystem can sustain.

d)

All of the above.

113.

simple model for showing how matter and energy move through an ecosystem

a)

food web

b)

trophic levels

c)

food chain

d)

habitat

114.

network of interconnected food chains

a)

ecosystem

b)

food web

c)

trophic levels

d)

biological community

115.

A single organism can evolve on its own.

a)

true

b)

false

116.
what gave Charles Darwin the idea of evolution?
a)
google
b)
wikipedia
c)
mans attempt to destroy mankind
d)
finches in the Galapagos island
117.

In a population of lizards, the smallest and largest lizards are more easily prey upon than middle-size lizards. What kind of natural selection is most likely to occur in this situation?

a)

Genetic drift

b)

Stabilizing selection

c)

Directional selection

d)

Diversifying selection

118.

The changes in a population over time

a)

evolution

b)

common descent

c)

gene pool

d)

acquired trait

119.

place where an organism spends its life

a)

niche

b)

habitiat

c)

biolgical community

d)

ecosystem

120.

The process of new species arising in response to geographic isolation is known as...

a)

Sympatric speciation

b)

Locality speciation

c)

Behavioral speciation

d)

Allopatric speciation

121.

What is embryology?

a)

The study of the early developmental stages of different organisms

b)

The study of DNA evidence

c)

Comparing anatomy structures and functions of different organisms

d)

The study of fossils

122.
What genetic change allows organisms to survive natural selection in their environments? 
a)
learned behavior
b)
acquired traits
c)
analogies
d)
adaptations
123.

DNA sequences found in two different species are 95% the same, suggesting these species...

a)

Are evolving into the same species

b)

contain identical proteins

c)

May have similar evolutionary histories/a common ancestor

d)

Have the same number of mutations

124.

An ecologist who studies how several species in an area interact with one another and with the abiotic parts of the environment is interested in the biological organization level called a(n) _____.

a)

organism

b)

population

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

125.

The genes found within a population

a)

fossil

b)

mutation

c)

modern synthesis

d)

gene pool

126.

change in species over time is

a)

Natural selection

b)

adaptation

c)

Evolution

d)

Genetic Drift

127.
The surroundings and conditions in which an organism lives and operates.
a)
Evolution
b)
Population
c)
Environment
d)
Biological diversity
128.

Which statement about fossils could be used as evidence that evolution by natural selection has been in effect for millions of years?

a)

Fossils fond in higher layers of rock are older than those found in lower layers

b)

Fossils found in lower layers of rock are more complex than those found in higher layers.

c)

Fossils of current species have been throughout rock layers that are billions of years old

d)

Fossils of species that no longer exist but are ancestors of current species have been found in rock layers.

129.

obtains energy and nutrients from autotrophs

a)

chemotroph

b)

heterotroph

c)

anerobe

d)

parasite

130.

breaks down dead organisms

a)

autotroph

b)

scavenger

c)

decomposer

d)

parasite

131.

What are two ways scientists can describe the quality of measurements?

a)

accuracy and precision

b)

quality and quantity

c)

observation and experiment

d)

hypothesis and theory

132.

Individuals undergo evolution.

a)

True

b)

False

133.

To change genetically over generations to become more suited to the environment

a)

modern synthesis

b)

acquired trait

c)

descent with modification

d)

adapt

134.

Both the alga and the fungus are benefited from their relationship in a lichen. This relationship is one of ______.

a)

coomensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

symbolism

135.

Similar organisms that can reproduce by interbreeding belong to the same

a)

ecosystem

b)

environment

c)

habitat

d)

species

136.

Nitrogen is released to the abiotic parts of the of the biosphere from the processes of death and ____.

a)

decay by bacteria

b)

infiltration of the groundwater

c)

runoff

d)

lightning in the storm and clouds

137.
What does it mean to survive?
a)
To stay alive
b)
To grow
c)
To have energy
d)
To be born
138.
A giraffe has a long neck in order to better reach leaves to eat.  This is an example of _____. 
a)
an adaptation
b)
environment
c)
response
d)
stimulus
139.

Individuals with survival traits best suited to their environment are more likely than others to reproduce and pass their genes on to the next generation

a)

acquired trait

b)

common descent

c)

artificial selection

d)

natural selection

140.
Which is a factor in intraspecific competition but is not a factor in interspecific competition
a)
Food
b)
Water
c)
Shelter
d)
Mates
141.

A lizard species mostly eats fruit from one particular type of tree. If a virus kills most of these trees, which individual lizards will most likely survive?

a)

Lizards that can find other types of food

b)

Lizards that can climb higher in the fruit trees

c)

Lizards that have darker coloration

d)

Lizards that produce more offspring

142.

manufactures food using energy from the sun or from chemical compounds

a)

autotroph

b)

heterotroph

c)

scavenger

d)

decomposer

143.

What word describes a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment?

a)

natural selection

b)

mutation

c)

camouflage

d)

adaptation

144.
This is a process by which organisms inherited advantageous traits that tend to reproduce more successfully than the other organisms do. 
a)
Artificial selection
b)
Natural selection
c)
Populations
d)
Environment
145.

Water is lost to the abiotic parts of the biosphere from the biotic parts by _____.

a)

precipitation

b)

photosynthesis

c)

transpiration

d)

infiltration

146.

The wings of the bat and the fore-limb of the dog are said to be homologous structures. This indicates that

a)

They have the same function

b)

They are structures which are similar due to common ancestry

c)

Bats evolved from a lineage of dogs

d)

They limb bones of each are anatomically identical

147.

relationship between organisms in which both organisms benefit

a)

parasitism

b)

commensalism

c)

symbolism

d)

mutualism

148.

What is the name given for genetic changes in living things over time?

a)

adaptation

b)

homeostasis

c)

evolution

d)

negative feedback

149.
_______ believed that organisms develop traits needed for survival and that traits that were unused would become weaker and gradually disappear. 
a)
Darwin
b)
Lamarck
c)
Mendel
d)
Watson
150.

More recent species of organisms are changed descendants of earlier species

a)

descent with modification

b)

natural selection

c)

biological evolution

d)

fossil

151.

Which of the following is a source of variation within a species?

a)

Mutations

b)

Cloning

c)

Selective breeding

d)

Natural Selection

152.

What does survival of the fittest mean?

a)

Individuals that are physical strong will survive

b)

Individuals with favorable traits will survive and reproduce

c)

how things change over time

d)

Adapt to the environment

153.
Globally, the leading cause of biodiversity loss is 
a)
invasive species
b)
poaching and overharvesting
c)
pollution
d)
habitat change and loss 
154.

Which phrase best describes scientific theories?

a)

explain few observations

b)

serve as speculations

c)

are never proven

d)

cannot be replaced

155.
What is another name for natural selection?
a)
survival of the smartest
b)
survival of the fastest
c)
survival of the biggest
d)
survival of the fittest
156.
Which statement best describes the process of evolution?
a)
Populations can survive in different locations on earth
b)
Environmental conditions limit the number of species on Earth
c)
Populations grow when resources are abundant
d)
The traits of a species can change over time
157.
A keystone species has...
a)
big impact on ecosystem, big population
b)
small impact on ecosystem, small population
c)
big impact on ecosystem, small population
d)
None of these
158.

Scientists use observations and data to form and test

a)

constants

b)

hypotheses

c)

theories

d)

conclusions

159.

step in the passage of energy and matter through an ecosystem

a)

food chain

b)

trophic level

c)

habitat

d)

niche

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