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Review for Matter and Energy Flow through Ecosystems

Total questions: 63

Worksheet time: 41mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The diagram shows an energy pyramid.

Which pair of organisms contain the highest and lowest amounts of available energy, in that order?

a)

hawk and snake

b)

cactus and mice

c)

hawk and cactus

d)

cactus and hawk

2.

A caterpillar eats a leaf, and a bird eats the caterpillar. In this interaction, the bird is a:

a)

producer

b)

herbivore

c)

primary consumer

d)

secondary consumer

3.
In an energy pyramid, energy_______ as you move up the pyramid.
a)
Increases
b)
Decreases
c)
Stays the same
d)
Changes up and down
4.
What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
sublimation
d)
transpiration
5.

The diagram shows a food web from a forest ecosystem.

Based on the food web, which is a true statement?

a)

A decrease in the population of owls may eventually decrease the population of lizards.

b)

A decrease in the population of beetles may eventually decrease the population of snakes.

c)

An increase in the population of beetles may eventually decrease the population of snakes and lizards.

d)

An increase in the owl population may eventually increase the population of snakes and lizards.

6.

What are always on the first level in a food chain?

a)

heterotrophs

b)

autotrophs

c)

consumers

d)

herbivores

7.

On average, how much of the available energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level in a food chain?

a)

10%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

90%

8.

Which of the following statements is correct about ecosystems?

a)

In ecosystems, energy can be recycled, but matter can not.

b)

In ecosystems, food can be recycled, but waste can not.

c)

In ecosystems, matter can be recycled, but energy can not.

d)

In ecosystems, air can be recycled, but water can not.

9.

According to the carbon cycle, in which direction does carbon typically travel through respiration and decomposition?

a)

b)

c)

d)

10.

The food web is missing the direction of energy flow between organisms.

Which of the following correctly shows a flow of energy through the food web?

a)

Rabbit → Mountain lion → Deer

b)

Grass → Mouse → Snake

c)

Owl → Frog → Cricket

d)

Mountain lion → Deer → Tree

11.
An organism that needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy is known as a:
a)
Autotroph
b)
Producer
c)
Consumer
d)
Mutualist
12.
What does every food chain start with?
a)
producers
b)
sun
c)
consumer
d)
decomposers
13.
What is another name for producer?
a)
consumer
b)
herbivore
c)
autotroph
d)
lichen
14.
The rabbit in this food web would be considered a:
a)
Decomposer
b)
Producer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Primary Consumer
15.
In this Food Web Pyramid Which type of consumer gets only 10% of the energy stored in plants?
a)
Herbivore
b)
Carnivore
c)
Omnivore
d)
Secondary Consumer
16.
What does a Secondary Consumer eat?
a)
Tertiary Consumers
b)
Primary Consumers
c)
Producers
d)
Secondary Consumers
17.
Combustion is another word for _______________.
a)
a train
b)
a bus
c)
a dog
d)
burning
18.
What does not produce carbon dioxide?
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Burning Fossil Fuels
c)
Animal respiration
d)
Plants decaying
19.
How does the carbon in grass become part of a lion?
a)
The lion eats the grass
b)
Carbon from grass doesn't end up in a lion. 
c)
The carbon ends up in the lion's food chain. 
d)
The lion breathes in carbon given out by the plant
20.
How nitrogen is "fixed" into useable form for plants
a)
through action of bacteria
b)
through lightning
c)
through action of bacteria & lightning
d)
through photosynthesis
21.
Organism that breaks down dead plants & animals and releases nitrogen back into atmosphere
a)
bacteria
b)
plants
c)
animals
d)
producers
22.

Which consumer eats BOTH plants and animals?

a)

Herbivores

b)

Carnivores

c)

Omnivores

d)

Detritivores

23.

Which type of consumer eats dead/decaying organisms?

a)

Herbivores

b)

Carnivores

c)

Omnivores

d)

Detritivores

24.

Why does energy decrease as you move up a food chain?

a)

Organisms get larger, so energy decreases

b)

Energy is lost as heat as you move up a food chain

c)

There are more organisms as you move up a food chain

d)

There are more resources as you move up a food chain

25.

Which trophic level would be at the top of a food pyramid?

a)

Producers

b)

Primary Consumers

c)

Secondary Consumers

d)

Tertiary Consumers

26.

Food webs are made of...

a)

Food Chains

b)

Trophic Levels

c)

Trophic Pyramids

d)

Biomass Pyramids

27.

The total mass of living organic matter at each trophic level can be represented in a...

a)

Numbers Pyramid

b)

Biomass Pyramid

c)

Trophic Pyramid

d)

Energy Pyramid

28.

If producers get 100% of the energy, secondary consumers get _______ of the energy

a)

100%

b)

10%

c)

1%

d)

0.1%

29.

Chemosynthesis relies on which source of energy?

a)

Nuclear

b)

Thermal

c)

Light

d)

Chemical

30.

How much energy will be available to the tertiary consumer in the food pyramid?

a)

10 kJ

b)

1000 kJ

c)

100 kJ

d)

10000 kJ

31.

The movement of chemicals on a global scale from abiotic through biotic parts of the environment is a

a)

Lithospheric process

b)

Oxygen cycle

c)

Denitrification

d)

Biogeochemical cycle

32.

Where is the largest concentration of nitrogen found?

a)

Animals

b)

Atmosphere

c)

Bacteria

d)

Plants

33.

What are the two major life processes that involve carbon and oxygen?

a)

Coal formation and photosynthesis

b)

Photosynthesis and respiration

c)

Fuel combustion and open burning

d)

Death and decay

34.
Why is nitrogen important to organisms?
a)
All plants and animals need nitrogen to make amino acids, proteins and DNA.
b)
All plants and animals need nitrogen to make fatty acids and carbohydrates. 
c)
All plants and animals need nitrogen to make sugar.
d)
None of the above. 
35.
Carbon is found in the atmosphere in the form of 
a)
carbohydrates
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
calcium carbonate
d)
ammonia
36.
Biologists describe nutrients as moving through cycles because the substances
a)
start as simple organic forms that plants need. 
b)
provide “building blocks” and energy that organisms need.         
c)
are passed between organisms and the environment and then back to organisms.       
d)
are needed by organisms to carry out life processes.
37.
Which cycle is this?
a)
Carbon
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Water
38.
Which cycle is this?
a)
Carbon
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Water
39.

Analyze the image. Decomposers convert waste/dead organic material into

a)

Nitrate

b)

Nitrite

c)

Ammonia

d)

Nitrogen gas

40.

What percentage of the atmosphere is made up of nitrogen gas?

a)

50

b)

78

c)

20

d)

100

41.

According to the diagram, how is the nitrogen found in plants reintroduced into the cycle?

a)

Sunlight initiating the process of photosynthesis

b)

Runoff from rivers and streams

c)

The breakdown of waste and dead material by decomposers

d)

Farmers fertilizing their crops

42.

What process releases carbon based molecules into the atmosphere?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Respiration

c)

Evaporation

d)

Rock Cycle

43.

According to the diagram, humans have an impact on the carbon cycle. An example of where this occurs would be

a)

sediments accumulating on the ocean floor

b)

volcanoes erupting periodically

c)

factories burning fossil fuels

d)

weathering and erosion of soil

44.

What process is happening at location "2"?

a)

Evaporation

b)

Condensation

c)

Precipitation

d)

Runoff

45.

Which of the following is true about how carbon cycles between humans and plants?

a)

Humans exhale carbon dioxide, which plants use for photosynthesis to create carbohydrates

b)

Humans inhale carbon dioxide, which we use for cellular respiration

c)

Humans consume plants, which contain carbohydrates

d)

Plants give off oxygen, which humans use for photosynthesis

46.

What process is happening at location "2"?

a)

Evaporation

b)

Condensation

c)

Precipitation

d)

Runoff

47.

What process is happening at location "4"?

a)

Evaporation

b)

Condensation

c)

Precipitation

d)

Runoff

48.

What is happening at location "1"?

a)

Plants and animals are releasing CO2 through cellular respiration

b)

CO2 is being released into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels

c)

Carbon is returning to the ground through decomposition

d)

Plants are absorbing CO2 through photosynthesis

49.

What is happening at location "3"?

a)

Plants and animals are releasing CO2 through cellular respiration

b)

CO2 is being released into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels

c)

Carbon is returning to the ground through decomposition

d)

Plants are absorbing CO2 through photosynthesis

50.

Which of the following is a tertiary consumer?

a)

Rabbit

b)

Tree

c)

Deer

d)

Mountain lion

51.

Which of the following is both a secondary consumer and a tertiary consumer?

a)

Rabbit

b)

Mountain Lion

c)

Shrew

d)

Hawk

52.

Which of the following contains the most energy in this food web?

a)

Rabbit

b)

Mountain Lion

c)

Shrew

d)

Hawk

53.

Which organisms break down dead organic matter into soil so that plants can use it to grow?

a)

Producers

b)

Carnivores

c)

Scavengers

d)

Decomposers

54.

What is happening at location "2"?

a)

Plants and animals are releasing CO2 through cellular respiration

b)

CO2 is being released into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels

c)

Carbon is returning to the ground through decomposition

d)

Plants are absorbing CO2 through photosynthesis

55.

Secondary consumers receive what percentage of the ecosystem's total energy?

a)

100%

b)

10%

c)

1%

d)

0.1%

56.

What is happening at location "7"?

a)

Plants and animals are releasing CO2 through cellular respiration

b)

CO2 is being released into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels

c)

Carbon is returning to the ground through decomposition

d)

Plants are absorbing CO2 through photosynthesis

57.
During which phase of the nitrogen cycle do bacteria and lightning strikes convert  atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form?
a)
Ammonification
b)
Assimilation
c)
Nitrogen Fixation
d)
Nitrification
58.
During which phase of the nitrogen cycle is nitrogen gas returned to the atmosphere?
a)
Ammonification
b)
Nitrogen fixation
c)
Nitrification
d)
Denitrification
59.
During which phase of the nitrogen cycle are nitrates taken up into plant roots?
a)
Ammonification
b)
Assimilation
c)
Nitrificaiton
d)
Denitrification
60.
Which phase of the water cycle occurs through the stomata of plant leaves?
a)
Precipitation
b)
Evaporation
c)
Condensation
d)
Transpiration
61.
Which nutrient does not cycle through the atmosphere in the form of a gas?
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Nitrogen
d)
Phosphorus
62.
Which of the following causes harmful algal blooms that result in dead zones in the ocean?
a)
Runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus-rich fertilizers
b)
Burning of fossil fuels
c)
Increased amounts of acidic precipitation
d)
Increased levels of greenhouse gases 
63.
By what process do toxins increase in concentration as you move up the trophic levels in a food chain?
a)
Energy transfer
b)
Biomagnification
c)
Bioremediation
d)
Pollutant transfer

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