Ex: You come home after duty, your mom said there are two dishes prepared for you as well as your brother and you can only pick one.

Once you pick an option, you can’t pick the others because the options in a dilemma are ________, not ___________.

When dilemmas involve human actions which have moral implications they are called ______________.

All dilemmas are considered ethical/moral dilemma.

These are situations where persons who are “moral agents” in ethics, are forced to choose between conflicting options neither of which resolves the situation in a morally acceptable manner.

[Ethical or Moral Dilemmas]

These are situations where persons who are “__________” in ethics, are forced to choose between conflicting options neither of which resolves the situation in a __________________.

An ethical dilemma arises when a person is forced to decide between two morally sound options, but it does not conflict with the established boundaries of a business, a governmental agency, or the law.

An ethical dilemma arises when a person is forced to decide between two ________________ options, but they may conflict with the _________________ of a business, a governmental agency, or the law.

What three conditions must be present in moral dilemmas?

What are the 3 levels of moral dilemma?

Are those experienced or resolved on a personal level. (Specific/Singular person)

Particular groups of people in an organization that solves a dilemma.

A part/portion of the whole will be involved/affected in an ethical dilemma.

[Organization]

Administrative decisions are characterized as not having routines and challenges.

Occur in the ordinary conditions of life.

It can be experienced by not only one person/certain group but almost everyone can experience it.

Ex: Code of Ethics for Professional Nurses/Teachers

Ex: The legalization of the RH Bill, wherein there are questions in regards to the constitutionality of certain previsions in the RH Law. (The whole Philippines are involved/affected)

Take place in a decision-making context where moral standards conflict and the agent cannot readily determine which ethical principle should take precedence over the other.

They don’t know which is the most ethically viable. They need more information and knowledge surrounding the two options before making an informed decision.

We need to identify thoroughly and have fuller knowledge with regards to the situation in able for an individual to determine which option is much better than the other. (e.g. check for the consequences)

Is one created by the agent’s own errors in judgment.

is caused by circumstances outside the agent’s control.

The one who imposed the dilemma is not himself but the circumstances/situations that he is facing or imposed by other people, whether it is a juridical or natural.

is one where an agent has multiple options and more than one of them is obligatory.

The moral agent needs to perform them all the obligatory options but he must pick one.

Occurs when all available options are prohibited.

What are the 7 Framework of Solving Ethical Dilemmas?

1-5. ??????????????

6. Consider options that would be ethically sound.

7. Consideration of the possible negative and positive outcomes of each possible option.

These are the pieces of information that are very useful to solve the ethical dilemma.

[Establish the facts surrounding the ethical dilemma]

In gathering facts, you must observe which among these facts can help you the most.

(Segregate the useful and non-useful information)

[Establish the facts surrounding the ethical dilemma]

To investigate, a person must not rely on facts to guard against misinformation and cognitive bias.

(A person must listen to gossips, rumors and hearsay)

You must not verify information through factual information and evidence.

If you don’t have legal obligations or duties to solve the dilemma, you should stop now. Else, proceed with solving it.

Professional and legal obligations will not help us in deciding on a course of action to take in an ethical dilemma.

It is important to know who will be impacted by the course of action that we decide upon.

[Establish the interested participants involved]

Often the secondary participants are easy to identify and it is the primary participants that are often not considered.

You understand each people involved in the dilemma.

Allows understanding of what is truly at stake.

[Consider normative ethical theories as an aide to determine a course of action]

You use different __________ to aid or support you to identify the _____________ you should pick to solve the ethical dilemma.

You identify all the available options and choose which among the options are ethically sound.

Among the remaining options, you list all the possible outcomes for each action, whether it is positive or negative.

You will pick the option with the most positive outcomes in contrast to its negative outcomes.

The importance of listing all the possible outcomes is to see what will be the outcome or the consequences if you use that option.

If you still haven’t solved the dilemma, go back to step 6 then step 7.

If the dilemma is still not solved, then this is the time to go to step 1.

(There is a tendency that the facts are wrong or lacking, or the options are bad)