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Bioteknologi Bagian 1

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Muatan total dari DNA pada pH fisiologis adalah

a)

Negatif karena adanya gugus fosfat yang terprotonasi

b)

Negatif karena adanya basa nitrogen

c)

Negatif karena adanya gugus fosfat yang terdeprotonasi

d)

Netral karena adanya

2.

In preparation for an electrophoresis procedure, enzymes are added to DNA in order to

a)

convert the DNA into gel

b)

cut the DNA into fragments

c)

change the color of the DNA

d)

produce longer sections of DNA

3.

A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram

below. Compared to the fragments at the top of the gel, the fragments at the lower end are

a)

larger, and move slower

b)

larger, and move faster

c)

smaller, and move faster

d)

smaller, and move slower

4.
DNA fingerprinting works because
a)
Most genes are dominant
b)
All organisms contain RNA
c)
The most important genes are different among most people
d)
No two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA 
5.
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?
a)
helps cut DNA
b)
count the genes in DNA
c)
separates DNA based on size
d)
allows for an exact replicated organism
6.
Why do the fragments of DNA in gel electrophoresis travel away from the negative electrode?
a)
DNA is negatively charged so attracted to the positive end of the unit
b)
DNA is positively charged to attracted to the negative end of the unit
c)
the agarose gel in negatively charged
d)
the agarose gel is positively charged
7.
In gel electrophoresis, the largest DNA fragment will appear
a)
closest to the starting wells
b)
farthest from the starting wells
c)
three quarters away from the starting wells
d)
it depends on how many fragments there are
8.
What are the components of a nucleotide?
a)
nitrogen base, phosphate group, and pentose sugar
b)
pentose sugar, purine, and pyrimidine
c)
nitrogen base and a phosphate group
d)
DNA, phosphate group, monosaccharide
9.
RNA contains the sugar...
a)
Deoxyribose
b)
Glucose
c)
Ribose
d)
Lipids
10.
Which of the following elements does a Nucleic Acid have that a Carbohydrate and Lipid do not?
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Hydrogen
d)
Nitrogen
11.
Guanine is complementary to what other nitrogenous base?
a)
Cytosine
b)
Adenine
c)
Thymine
d)
Uracil
12.
Complementary Bases are held together by what type of bond?
a)
Covalent
b)
Hydrogen
c)
Ionic
d)
Mettalic
13.
If one series of bases reads: TTGACTAGG, then the complementary set of bases would read:
a)
TTGACTAGG
b)
AACTGATCC
c)
AATCGAACTT
d)
AAGTCATCC
14.
The backbone of DNA is made up of _______ & ________ units. 
a)
sugar & base
b)
sugar & phosphate
c)
base & phosphate
d)
phosphate & phosphate
15.

What nucleotide base does RNA contain that DNA does not?

a)

adenine (A)

b)

cytosine (C)

c)

uracil (U)

d)

thymine (T)

16.
Which nucleic acid only exists in the nucleus?
a)
mRNA
b)
DNA
c)
tRNA
d)
rRNA
17.
The "central dogma" states that genetic information flows from 
a)
Protein-->mRNA-->DNA
b)
Protein-->DNA-->mRNA
c)
mRNA-->DNA-->Protein
d)
DNA-->mRNA-->Protein
18.
Assembles RNA during transcription
a)
RNA Polymerase 
b)
Mutations
c)
Gene Expression
d)
Point Mutation
19.

Enzim yang berperan dalam memisahkan 2 utas DNA dalam proses replikasi adalah ....

a)

DNA polimerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Primase

d)

Primer

20.
What is the purpose of PCR?
a)
To produce millions of copies of DNA.
b)
To produce millions of copies of a specific region of DNA
c)
To add nucleotides to a DNA sequence
d)
To watch polymerase work.
21.
At what temperature does the Denature step of PCR occur?
a)
94-96° C
b)
50-65° C
c)
72° C
d)
Any temperature
22.
Why does PCR require a specific type of polymerase?
a)
Taq polymerase can withstand the range of temperatures in PCR without denaturing.
b)
Taq polymerase is the most inexpensive type of polymerase.
c)
Taq polymerase is the most common type of polymerase.
d)
A specific type of polymerase is unnecessary.
23.

The first step in PCR is

a)

Primer annealing

b)

Denaturation

c)

Primer extension

d)

None of these

24.
What happens during the Anneal step of PCR?
a)
Primers are created.
b)
The primers attach to the target DNA region.
c)
Primers copy the new DNA strand.
d)
Primers sequence DNA
25.

Does PCR require a primer?

a)

Yes

b)

No

26.

What is the denaturation step?

a)

mutating RNA polymerase

b)

Cooling DNA to allow primers to form

c)

separating DNA helix in a cold environment

d)

separating DNA helix with using heat

27.

What is the Extension step?

a)

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 5' end

b)

RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 5' end

c)

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end

d)

RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end

28.
What is the purpose of the Extension step of PCR?
a)
To create the primers.
b)
To extend the time it takes to produce DNA.
c)
To allow polymerase to create the complementary strands of DNA.
d)
To allow substrates to copy DNA sequences.
29.

Other term for quantitative PCR (qPCR)

a)

Legit-time PCR

b)

Quarter-time PCR

c)

Real-time PCR

d)

Reel-time PCR

30.

1. Berikut merupakan kekurangan dari real time PCR kecuali?

a)

Memerlukan pemahaman untuk hasil yang akteknik yang benar urat

b)

Memerlukan peralatan dan reagen yang mahal

c)

Kerja Real Time PCR dapat mengalami penghambatan oleh senyawa yang terkandung dalam sampel biologi yang digunakan

d)

Reaksi pada PCR yang memerlukan RNA pada tahap enzimatis dapat menimbulkan beberapa masalah karena RNA lebih labil dibandingkan DNA

e)

Kemampuan aplikasi penggunaannya untuk pengujian lebih banyak

31.

Berikut ini merupakan tahapan-tahapan dari Real Time PCR yang benar adalah?

a)

Denaturasi-Elongasi-Annealing

b)

Annealing- Denaturasi-Elongasi

c)

Extension-Annealing-Denaturasi

d)

Denaturasi-Annealing-Extension

e)

Elongasi-Extension-Denaturasi

32.

Sinyal fluorescence yang terdeteksi diatas thresold adalah sinyal yang digunakan dalam menentukan nilai?

a)

Plateau

b)

Baseline

c)

Thresold Cycle (Ct)

d)

Eksponensial

e)

DNA Copy

33.

BR in pBR322 stands for

a)

Baskin & Robbins

b)

Bolivar & Rogers

c)

Boliva & Rodriguez

d)

Bolivar & Rodriguez

34.

Some restriction enzymes produce "sticky ends". Sticky ends are . . .

a)

single-stranded DNA "overhangs" that can bind to complementary DNA

b)

double stranded DNA aligned with each other

c)

single-stranded DNA aligned with host DNA

d)

ends of a double stranded DNA strand

35.

How do we name restriction Enzymes ?

a)

First letter in Cap for Genus, next two letter in small for species, next one letter for strain and roman numeral for order of discovery

b)

First two letter in Cap for Genus, next one letter in small for species, next one letter for strain and English numeral for order of discovery

c)

First two letter in Cap for Genus, next one letter in capital for species, next one letter for strain and roman numeral for order of discovery

d)

First two letter in Cap for Genus, next one letter in small for species, next one letter for strain and roman numeral for order of discovery

36.

Which RE's from above make blunt cuts? (More than one answer)

a)

Alul

b)

HaeIII

c)

BamHI

d)

HindIII

e)

EcoRI

37.

Which RE's from above make sticky cuts? (More than one answer)

a)

Alul

b)

HaeIII

c)

BamHI

d)

HindIII

e)

EcoRI

38.

Restriction Enzymes were primarily used as....

a)

defense by protozoa against antibiotics

b)

tools by viruses to cleave bacterial genome

c)

defense by bacteria against bacteriophages viruses

d)

tools to cleave DNA during replication

39.

What is a palindrome?

a)

A sticky end resulting from a restriction enzyme

b)

A blunt end resulting from a restriction enzyme

c)

A sequence that reads the same forwards and backwards

d)

A sequence that is complementary to the other

40.

What is the origin of replication ?

a)

place of origin

b)

sequence of genome where replication starts

c)

where DNA are formed

d)

where RNA are formed

41.

What is transformation?

a)

Procedure though which a piece of protein incorporated into bacterium

b)

Procedure though which a piece of lipid incorporated into bacterium

c)

Procedure though which a piece of DNA incorporated into bacterium

d)

Procedure though which a piece of carbohydrate incorporated into bacterium

42.

In order to insert a human gene into plasmid, both must

a)

code for the same gene product.

b)

be cut by the same restriction enzyme.

c)

originate from the same type of cell.

d)

have identical sequences.

43.

The colonies of recombinant bacteria appear white in contrast to blue colonies of non-recombinant bacteria because of

a)

Insertional inactivation of β-galactosidase gene in recombinant bacteria

b)

Inactivation of glycosidase gene in recombinant bacteria

c)

Incompetence of recombinant bacteria containing β-galactosidase

d)

insertional inactivation of α-galactosidase gene in non-recombinant bacteria

44.
Plasmids are found in bacteria. Scientists use plasmids to 
a)
Insert eukaryotic  genes into bacteria
b)
insert eukaryotic genes into humans
c)
insert clones into the parent organism
45.

Which of the following is chemical nucleotide sequencing method

a)

Sanger method

b)

Maxam Gilbert method

c)

Edmans method

d)

Automated sequencing method

46.

Guanine specific cleavage in Maxam-Gilbert method is done by using

a)

formic acid

b)

hydrazine

c)

dimethyl sulphate

d)

Piperidine

47.

The principle of Sanger's method relies on

a)

use of chemicals for base specific cleavage

b)

use of dNTPs for chain termination

c)

use of ddNTPs for chain termination

d)

Use of p32 for chain termination

48.

Automated DNA sequencing is an improvement of Sanger's method where

a)

ddNTPs are used for chain termination

b)

PCR is used for making sequencing

c)

Fluorescently labelled dNTPs are used for chain termination

d)

Fluorescently labelled ddNTPs are used for chain termination

49.

Double stranded DNA fragements can be converted to single strands by

a)

high temperature

b)

high pH

c)

high temperature or pH

d)

None of the above

50.
Which enzyme seals the fragments of DNA into a continuous strand?
a)
DNA Ligase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Helicase
d)
Exonuclease
51.
Which enzyme begins DNA replication with a small strand of RNA?
a)
Helicase
b)
Primase
c)
DNA Ligase
d)
DNA Polymerase
52.
Based on these results whose blood was found in the blood stain at the crime scene?
a)
Bob
b)
Sue
c)
John
d)
Lisa
53.
Which of the following is a molecule labeled with a radioactive isotope, dye, or enzyme that is used to locate a particular sequence or gene on a DNA molecule?
a)
Restriction Enzyme
b)
DNA Fingerprint
c)
DNA probe
d)
Genome
54.
Pattern of DNA fragments obtained by examining a person's unique sequence of DNA base pairs is?
a)
PCR
b)
Chromosome
c)
Electrophoresis
d)
DNA Fingerprinting
55.

Manakah di bawah ini yang bukan merupakan aplikasi PCR?

a)

Deteksi penyakit infeksi

b)

DNA sequencing

c)

Genetic modification

d)

DNA hibriditation

56.

Berikut ini yang bukan termasuk bioteknologi adalah....

a)

pemanfaatan jamur untuk membuat tape

b)

pemanfaatan jamur untuk membuat kecap

c)

menggabungkan dua sifat tanaman dengan cara okulasi

d)

pemanfaatan bakteri untuk membuat asam cuka

57.
In eukaryotes, functional messenger RNA molecules are made from
a)
exons spliced together after introns are removed
b)
introns spliced together after eons are removed
c)
exons spliced together with introns
d)
long pieces of RNA shortened by the Dicer enzyme
58.
Which of the following describes RNA?
a)
RNA is usually double-stranded and contains the base thymine
b)
RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base uracil
c)
RNA is longer than DNA and uses five bases to encode information
d)
RNA is made in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and stays there to carry out its functions
59.

Manakah urutan yang benar dalam deteksi infeksi Covid19

a)

Isolasi RNA-transkripsi balik-real time PCR

b)

Isolasi DNA-transkripsi balik-real time PCR

c)

Isolasi RNA-real time PCR-transkripsi balik

d)

Isolasi DNA-real time PCR-transkripsi balik

60.

Dalam analisis infeksi Covid 19, ditentukan tresholdnya adalat 37, apa makna angka tersebut

a)

Pasien dinyatakan positif apabila real time PCR menghasilkan sinyal lebih rendah atau sama dengan CT=37

b)

Pasien dinyatakan positif apabila real time PCR menghasilkan sinyal lebih rendah dari CT=37

c)

Pasien dinyatakan positif apabila real time PCR menghasilkan sinyal lebih pada CT=37

d)

Pasien dinyatakan positif apabila real time PCR menghasilkan sinyal lebih tinggi atau sama dengan CT=37

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