Font size
S
M
L
XL
WorksheetsCardio Exam 2 - Andrews - Part 1 MC Detailed
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 28mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Heart failure is connected with a lot of morbidity and mortality
a)
True
b)
False
2.
What are characteristics of heart failure
a)
a clinical syndrome
b)
results from any functional or structural cardiac disorder that impairs the ventricle's ability to fill with or eject blood
c)
is when the heart is unable to meet the metabolic needs of the body
d)
results when there is only structural disorders that impairs with the ventricle's ability to eject
e)
when the heart is not able to meet only the brain's need of the body
3.
What are the different types of heart failure
a)
low-output
b)
high-output
c)
systolic
d)
diastolic
4.
What type of heart failure is occuring when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet normal metabolic needs of the body
a)
low-output
b)
high-output
c)
systolic
d)
diastolic
5.
What type of heart failure is occuring when the metabolic demand of the body is greater than the heart can supply
a)
low-output
b)
high-output
c)
systolic
d)
diastolic
6.
What is a type of high-output heart failure
a)
acute myocardial infarction
b)
cardiac tamponade
c)
pulmonary embolism
d)
acute valve failure
e)
thyrotoxicosis
7.
What type of heart failure is occuring when the heart cannot create enough force to eject adequate amount of blood from the left ventricle
a)
low-output
b)
high-output
c)
systolic
d)
diastolic
8.
What type of heart failure is occuring when the heart cannot relax enough for adequate filling of the ventricle
a)
low-output
b)
high-output
c)
systolic
d)
diastolic
9.
What type of heart failure cannot eject enough blood and it backs up into the venous circulation causing fluid to back up into the abd, legs, and feet leading to swelling
a)
right sided
b)
left sided
c)
systolic
d)
diastolic
10.
What type of heart failure cannot eject enough blood and it backs up into the pulmonary circulation causing shortness of breath
a)
right sided
b)
left sided
c)
systolic
d)
diastolic
11.
What are some characteristics of acute heart failure
a)
develops rapidly (hours/days)
b)
can be immediately life threatening
c)
sudden drop in cardiac output
d)
may be new or an exacerbation of chronic disease
e)
associated with the heart undergoing adaptive responses to a precipitating cause
12.
What are some characteristics of chronic heart failure
a)
more insidious
b)
long-term condition (months/years)
c)
sudden drop in cardiac output
d)
may be new or an exacerbation of chronic disease
e)
associated with the heart undergoing adaptive responses to a precipitating cause
13.
Low-output heart failure is uncommon and refers to heart that is not able to meet the increased demand of the body
a)
True
b)
False
14.
With a decrease in LV function, what system or hormone effects the Na+ Water retention
a)
sympathetic nervous system
b)
renin angiotensin system
c)
aldosterone
15.
With a decrease in LV function, what system or hormone effects vasoconstriction
a)
sympathetic nervous system
b)
renin angiotensin system
c)
aldosterone
16.
With a decrease in LV function, what system or hormone effects the myocardial stimulation
a)
sympathetic nervous system
b)
renin angiotensin system
c)
aldosterone
17.
Neurohormonal activation during a drop in cardiac output is initially compensatory and beneficial but eventually detrimental to the body
a)
True
b)
False
18.
What are the major players of the neurohormonal activation compensatory mechanism for heart failure
a)
sypathetic nervous system
b)
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
c)
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
d)
parasympathetic nervous system
19.
What are some characteristics of the sympathetic nervous system's compensatory mechanism for heart failure
a)
one of the first responses to a decreased CO
b)
increases circulation of catecholamines
c)
augments ventricular contractility and HR
d)
stimulates secretion of renin from juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney
e)
catecholamines aggravate ischemia, potentiate arrhythmias, promote cardiac remodeling and are directly toxic to myocytes
20.
What are some characteristics of Renin in the RAAS system
a)
released by the kidney
b)
stimulates formation of angiotensin
c)
potent vasoconstrictor
d)
secreted by the adrenal gland
e)
potent mineralcorticoid
21.
What are some characteristics of Angiotensin in the RAAS system
a)
stimulates sodium reabsorption and release of NE
b)
promotes synthesis and secretion of aldosterone
c)
potent vasoconstrictor
d)
secreted by the adrenal gland
e)
potent mineralcorticoid
22.
What are some characteristics of Aldosterone in the RAAS system
a)
enhances fluid retention by increasing sodium reuptake
b)
increased level leads to organ fibrosis
c)
potentiates vasoconstriction
d)
secreted by the adrenal gland
e)
potent mineralcorticoid
23.
What are some characteristics of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
a)
also known as vasopressin
b)
also known as angiotensin
c)
released from the hypothalamus
d)
triggered by low cardiac output
e)
released from the pituitary gland
24.
Increased levels of ADH can lead to
a)
increased thirst
b)
enhances water reabsorption by kidney and water retention
c)
fall in serum sodium concentration
d)
decreased thirst
e)
increase in serum sodium concentration
25.
What are characteristics of the Frank-Starling mechanism for heart failure
a)
fall in CO leads to activation of several neurohormonal pathways
b)
the ability of the heart to change its force of contraction to increase venous return causing a temporary increase in stroke volume
c)
the compensatory increase in venous return which is augmented by neurohormonal mechanisms
d)
the ability of the heart to change its force of contraction and decrease its venous return to temporarily increase stroke volume
26.
Which compensatory mechanism for heart failure changes the heart's size, shape, structure, and function
a)
neurohormonal activation
b)
Frank-Starling mechanism
c)
ventricular remodeling
d)
atrial remodeling
27.
What are some causes of systolic dysfunction chronic heart failure
a)
CAD, familial
b)
drug-induced (cyclophosphamide, anthracyclines, fluorouracil, trastuzumab)
c)
valvular heart disease, HTN
d)
idopathic dilated myopathy, myocarditis
e)
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
28.
What are some causes of diastolic dysfunction chronic heart failure
a)
aging, fibrosis
b)
HTN, valvular heart disease
c)
pericardial disease
d)
restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy
e)
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
29.
What characteristics of heart failure affects men and women equally
a)
heart failure affects men and women equally
b)
mortality
c)
diagnosis age
d)
history of HTN
e)
history of heart attack and/or blockages in the arteries
30.
Which gender tend to be older than the other when heart failure develops
a)
men
b)
women
31.
Which gender generally has a history of hypertension when heart failure develops
a)
men
b)
women
32.
Which gender more often has a history of heart attack and/or blockages in the arteries when heart failure develops
a)
men
b)
women
33.
What are some symptoms of heart failure
a)
SOB, lower extremity edema
b)
chronic lack of energy, swollen/tender abd with loss of appetite
c)
cough with frothy sputum, difficulty sleeping at night due to breathing problems
d)
increased urination at night
e)
confusion and/or impaired memory
34.
What diagnostic laboratory findings are run for heart failure
a)
chest x-ray
b)
EKG, Echo
c)
angiogram
d)
CBC, BNP
e)
CMP
35.
What is the key indicator for diagnosing systolic heart failure
a)
An EF of <40% is diagnostic of systolic HF
b)
An EF of <40% is diagnostic of diastolic HF
c)
An EF of <55% is diagnostic of systolic HF
d)
An EF of <55% is diagnostic of diastolic HF
36.
What is a normal ejection fraction (EF) and what percentage is it around
a)
percentage of blood that is pumped out the left ventricle with each contraction
b)
percentage of blood that is pumped out of the right ventricle with each contraction
c)
1
d)
55-75%
e)
65-95%
37.
What is the EF for systolic HF
a)
<40%
b)
> or equal to 50%
38.
What is the EF for diastolic HF
a)
<40%
b)
> or equal to 50%
39.
HF with Reduced Ejection Fraction is also known as
a)
systolic dysfunction
b)
diastolic dysfunction
40.
HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction is also known as
a)
systolic dysfunction
b)
diastolic dysfunction
41.
What are characteristics of HF with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
a)
clinical diagnosis of HF and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less
b)
dilated ventricle
c)
2/3 are attributable to CHD
d)
LVEF of > 40%
e)
normal wall motion
42.
What are characteristics of HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)
a)
accounts for about 30% of patients with HF
b)
impaired ventricular relaxation and filling
c)
most common cause of HTN
d)
LVEF of > 40%
e)
normal wall motion
43.
What are goals of therapy for HF
a)
alleviate HF symptoms
b)
improve exercise capacity and quality of life
c)
modify/control risk factors
d)
slow disease progression and wosening cardiac function
e)
reduce morbidity and mortality
44.
Systolic dysfunction refers to "squeezing problem"
a)
True
b)
False
45.
According to the ACC/AHA staging of heart failure classification, list the stages from most severe to least severe
a)
D, C, B, A
b)
A, B, C, D
c)
I, II, III, IV
d)
IV, III, II, I
46.
According to the NYHA functional classification, list the classifications from asymptomatic to symptomatic at rest
a)
D, C, B, A
b)
A, B, C, D
c)
I, II, III, IV
d)
IV, III, II, I
47.
Which ACC/AHA staging heart failure classification has no structural heart disease but has a high risk for developing heart failure (HTN, CAD, etc)
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
48.
Which ACC/AHA staging heart failure classification has structural heart disease but no symptoms of HF
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
49.
Which ACC/AHA staging heart failure classification has structural heart disease and symptomatic heart failure
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
50.
Which ACC/AHA staging heart failure classification has refractory heart failure requiring specialized interventions
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
51.
Which NYHA functional classification has the presence of cardiac disease without limitation on physical activity (asymptomatic)
a)
I
b)
II
c)
III
d)
IV
52.
Which NYHA functional classification is when the cardiac disease results in slight limitation of physical activity (symptomatic with moderate exertion)
a)
I
b)
II
c)
III
d)
IV
53.
Which NYHA functional classification is when the cardiac disease results in marked limitation of physical activity (symptomatic with minimal exertion)
a)
I
b)
II
c)
III
d)
IV
54.
Which NYHA functional classification is when cardiac disease results in the inability to carry out any phyiscal activity without discomfort (symptoms at rest)
a)
I
b)
II
c)
III
d)
IV
55.
Which classification system can move back and forth
a)
ACC/AHA
b)
NYHA
Reset
