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Fossils, Evolution, and Mutations Test Review

Total questions: 81

Worksheet time: 20hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

​ (a)   was a naturist, who studied​ (b)   on the Galapogos island.

Choose from the below words
Charles Darwin
plants and animals
Robert hooke
Watson and Crick
airplanes
HMS Beagel
2.

​ (a)   selection is when humans choose traits of an organism like breeding dogs

Choose from the below words
Artificial
Natural
Analogous traits
3.

Match the following pictures with the words they represent

a)
1.

Analogous Structure

b)
2.

Homologous Structure

c)
3.

Adaptation

d)
4.

Artificial selection

e)
5.

Natural selection

4.

vestigial structures, like the tail bone, are

a)

No longer used

b)

Serve an important role in our body

c)

allow us to connect with animals

d)

serve multi-purposes

5.

When Darwin was studying the finches and noticed the different types of beaks, this was an example of ​ (a)  

Choose from the below words
genetic variation
genetic compounds
Nucleotides
Thiamine
6.
Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
7.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
8.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
9.
Change over time
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Selective Breeding
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Evolution
10.
Which best describes mutations?
a)
Always helpful
b)
Always harmful
c)
Can be helpful or harmful
d)
Always neutral
11.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
12.
Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
13.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
14.
Which of these best represents a time period in which an organism could evolve?
a)
5 days
b)
100 years
c)
10,000 years
d)
2 decades
15.

Whales are aquatic mammals that contain a pelvis (hip) bone. Even though it does not aid in its movement, the function must have been used by a common ancestor of the whale. Thus, the pelvis is referred to as a(n)

a)

vestigial structure

b)

analogous structure

c)

homologous structure

16.
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment 
a)
diversity.
b)
evolution
c)
adaptation
d)
 fitness
17.
Where humans have bred organisms together based on traits we like.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction 
d)
Artificial Selection
18.
Genetic differences between organisms of the same species
a)
Variation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Behavior
d)
Environment
19.
An error in DNA copying that results in a new trait
a)
Homeostasis
b)
Mutation
c)
Natural Selection
d)
Selective Breeding
20.

The fossils found closer to the surface of the ground are generally -


(a)  
Choose from the below words
Younger & more complex
Older & simpler
Younger & simpler
Older & more complex
21.

A bat wing and a butterfly wing are both used for flying but they are made differently. What type of structure is this?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

Fossil structure

22.

The moth wing and the bat wing are example of structures.


(a)  
Choose from the below words
Analogous
Homologous
Vestigial
Fossil
23.

What type of evidence is shown with the diagram above?

a)

Molecular

b)

Anatomical

c)

Embryological

d)

Fossil

24.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
c)
To protect itself against predators.
d)
To protect itself against prey.
25.
Mutations are a change in what?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
genotype
d)
phenotype
26.
A fossil of an extinct dinosaur is found and the anatomy of the fossil shows similarities to that of a bird. What could this mean?
a)
This is purely by chance and isn't significant
b)
The extinct dinosaur and modern bird share a common ancestor
c)
All dinosaurs evolved into birds and that's why there aren't any dinosaurs alive today
d)
Dinosaurs choose to fly, and evolved into birds to escape predation and capture food
27.

Which mutation would be more harmful for an organism?

a)

Point mutation (substitution)

b)

Frameshift (insertion/Deletion)

28.

Why would a frameshift be more harmful?

a)

It changes all the code downstream

b)

Only one nucleotide is changing

c)

All mutations are harmful

d)

It can't correct iself

29.

Mutations are always bad

a)

true

b)

false

30.

Three Nucleotides in a row of DNA or mRNA are called a...

(a)  

Choose from the below words
Codon
Sugar
Ribosome
acid
Protein
31.

What types of living organisms have no genetic material at all?

a)

Insects

b)

Bacteria

c)

Plants

d)

All living organisms have genetic material

32.

Which of the following is an example of a beneficial mutation?

a)

When an organism's lifespan becomes shorter.

b)

When an organism becomes unable to reproduce.

c)

When an organism's body becomes deformed.

d)

When an organism develops immunity to a disease.

33.

A parent that has a mutation to their skin cells can pass this mutation to their offspring

a)

True

b)

False

34.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

35.

Original: ATC CAT

Mutation: ATC GCAT

What mutation occurred?

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

silent

d)

transverse

36.

DNA molecule segment is : TTA-CGC-AAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTC-GCA-AG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

37.

Mutations can be...

a)

Harmful

b)

Beneficial

c)

Neutral

d)

All of the Above

38.

Mutations are...

a)

Changes in the sequence of DNA

b)

Broken chromosomes

c)

Bad genes

39.

What is a type of Mutation?

a)

Deletions

b)

Insertions

c)

Substitutions

d)

All of the Above

40.

Mutations are SOMETIMES helpful to the organism.

a)

true

b)

false

41.

True or false, mutations create genetic diversity?

a)

True

b)

False

42.

Transcribe the following DNA sequence into RNA: 

GTAGTCA

a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
43.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)

Phe

b)

Tyr

c)

Leu

d)
Stop codon
44.

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUA

a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
45.

In DNA, adenine base pairs (bonds with) ______________.

a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
46.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
47.

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUU?

a)

phe - Phenylalanine

b)

tyr - Tyrosine

c)

leu - Leucine

d)

Stop codon

48.

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUG CCA GUA UGA

a)

Met-Val-Val

b)

Met-Pro-Val

c)

Tyr-Gly-Val

d)

Tyr-Gly-Val

49.

A characteristic or trait that helps an organism survive in its environment is a/an ​ ​ (a)  

Choose from the below words
adaptation
skill
variation
natural instinct
50.

Variation in​ (a)   would best help bison survive a harsh winter

Choose from the below words
fur thickness
Leg length
Hearing quality
Hoof size
51.

An inherited trait that helps those organisms that have it to survive

a)

niche

b)

structure

c)

characteristic

d)

adaptation

52.

A giraffe has a long neck in order to better reach leaves to eat. This is an example of _____.

a)

an adaptation

b)

environment

c)

response

d)

stimulus

53.
Which feature helps an animal hide from other animals?
a)
looking like a dangerous animal
b)
being the same color as the place it lives (camoflauge)
c)
having sharp claws or a strong shel
d)
having only a few young and caring for them
54.

Which of the following is an inherited trait?

a)

swimming

b)

eye color

c)

skateboarding

d)

callused fingers

55.
The source of all genetic material is...
a)
Protein
b)
cells
c)
DNA
d)
The brain
56.

Bullfrogs are Florida’s largest frog. Frogs spend part of their life cycles in water and part on land. Which physical characteristic is most useful for a water environment?

a)

Thin skin

b)

Large eyes

c)

Webbed feet

d)

Long, strong legs

57.

Water lilies live in lakes and ponds. The lilies have very long stems. The picture shows a water lily in a pond. How do long stems help water lilies live in ponds?

a)

  They absorb food for the plant.

b)

They absorb water from the pond.

c)

They enable the pads and flower to reach sunlight.

d)

  They prevent the plant from floating away.

58.

It is estimated that fewer than 100 Florida panthers are still living. Florida now has a protected habitat for the panther. How will the  protected habitat affect the panthers?

a)

The panthers will probably become extinct.

b)

Panthers will no longer be adapted to living in Florida.

c)

  The Florida panther population will decrease in the near future.

d)

The panther population may increase now that they are being conserved in a protected habitat.

59.
All of these finches have different shaped beaks, they are an adaptation to gain access of 
a)
Water
b)
Food
c)
Shelter
60.
The ears of this fox are an example of...
a)
A behavioral adaptation
b)
Poor breeding
c)
A physical adaptation
d)
Plastic surgery gone horribly wrong
61.

Which of these is the best indication of the relative age of a rock layer?

a)

The chemical make-up of the layer

b)

The thickness of the layer

c)

The position of the layer compared to another layer

d)

The distance of the layer extending over Earth

62.

Summarize the Law of Superposition

a)

The youngest rocks are located at the bottom of the rock layers

b)

The oldest rocks are located at the bottom of the rock layers

c)

The ages of the rocks are mixed between the layers of the rock

d)

The ages of all the rocks are the same throughout all the layers

63.

What does the Law of Original Horizontality mean?

a)

Sedimentary Rocks nautrally form vertical layers and then they fall horizontally

b)

Sedimentary Rocks form in horizontal layers

c)

Sedimentary Rocks form vertical and horizontal layers

d)

Sedimentary Rocks cannot change direction once formed

64.

Using the information from the previous slides. Which Rock layer is the oldest?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

65.

Using the information from the prevous slides. Which rock layer is the youngest?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

66.

The fossil record shows that horseshoe crabs have existed with very little change for about 1 billion years. Would horseshoe crabs be useful as an index fossil?

a)

Yes, because they were around for a very long time

b)

No, because horseshoe crabs can never be used as index fossils

c)

No, because they were around for TOO LARGE of an amount of time

d)

Yes, because horseshoe crabs can always be used as index fossils

67.
The Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships states that an igneous intrusion is 
a)
always younger than the layers it cuts across
b)
always older than the layers it cuts across
c)
the same age as the rock it melted
d)
none of the answers are correct
68.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
69.

How old is the Earth estimated to be?

a)

4.6 billion years

b)

1.4 billion years

c)

4.6 million years

d)

6000 years

70.
Traces or remains of organisms that lived long ago
a)
Fossil
b)
Unconformity
c)
Superposition
d)
Column
71.
How does the law of crosscutting explain the age of a fault?
a)
The fault is younger than the rocks above it.
b)
The fault is younger than the rocks it cuts through.
c)
The fault is older than the rocks above it.
d)
The fault is older than the rocks it cuts through.
72.
What are the relative ages of the features in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
Limestone, Basalt, Fault, Siltstone
b)
Siltstone, Fault, Basalt, Limestone
c)
Limestone, Fault, Basalt, Siltstone
d)
Limestone, Siltstone, Fault, Basalt
73.
How does sedimentary rock usually form?
a)
Vertically
b)
Diagonally
c)
Folding
d)
Horizontally
74.
In which kind of rock do we usually find a fossil?
a)
sedimentary  rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
igneous rock
75.

A fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found is called:

a)

absolute fossil

b)

radiometric dating

c)

index fossil

d)

reference fossil

76.

Fossils such as footprints, burrows or droppings.

a)

Index Fossils

b)

Unconformities

c)

Petrified Wood

d)

Trace fossils

77.

Fossils made from organisms that were fairly common and existed only during a certain span of time, used to determine the age of rock layers.

a)

Index Fossils

b)

Unconformities

c)

Inclusions

d)

Trace Fossils

78.

This type of fossil forms when a mold is filled with sand or mud that hardens into the shape of the organism.

a)

Mold

b)

Cast

c)

Trace

d)

Petrified

79.

This type of fossil forms when sediments bury an organism and then sediments change into rock; the organism decays leaving a cavity in the shape of the organism.

a)

Mold

b)

Cast

c)

Trace

d)

Petrified

80.

This type of fossil forms when minerals soak into the buried remains, replacing the remains, and changing them into rock.

a)

Cast

b)

Mold

c)

Petrified

d)

Trace

81.

The type of fossil shown here, where only the carbon from an organism is preserved

a)

Carbonized

b)

preserved remains

c)

Trace Fossil

d)

Cast

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