Define the Research Question

Search for Relevant Literature

Read and Summarize the Literature

Analyze and Synthesize the Literature

are original sources of data or information that is directly related to the research topic.

are sources that analyze, interpret, or synthesize primary sources.

help identify the main ideas and concepts in the RRL and provide a quick overview of the research topic.

involve quickly reviewing the RRL to identify key points, concepts, or ideas.

the act of browsing a text to gather a basic idea about that text.

the act of searching for specific information in a text format.

visualizing the key concepts and relationships among the literature reviewed.

creating a hierarchical structure of the main topics and subtopics discussed in the RRL.

uses short phrases or single words to summarize each topic and subtopic.

uses complete sentences to summarize each topic and subtopic.

formats utilize Arabic numerals to list main points.

the most common type of outline and usually instantly recognizable to most people.

the most obvious form of plagiarism, where a person copies a passage or an entire document and presents it as their own work.

when someone takes someone else's idea and rewords it, but the content remains the same. It is still plagiarism even if the words are different.

someone reuses their own work without acknowledging that they have done so. For example, submitting the same paper for two different classes without permission from both instructors

when a person unintentionally uses someone else's work without proper citation. It could be because they are not aware of the correct citation format or they forget to include a citation.

when a person includes a citation in their work, but the citation is incorrect, incomplete, or the source is misrepresented.

also known as patchwork plagiarism, where a person takes pieces of information from different sources and combines them without proper citation, making it appear as their own work.

when a person knowingly and deliberately presents someone else's work or ideas as their own without proper citation or attribution. This could be done to save time, get a better grade, or avoid doing the work

when a person inadvertently uses someone else's work or ideas without proper citation or attribution. This could be due to a lack of knowledge about citation rules, careless notetaking, or confusion about what constitutes plagiarism.

the process of restating someone else's ideas or information in your own words, while still maintaining the original meaning.

the process of reducing a longer text into a shorter version, while still maintaining the main ideas and important details.

involves combining ideas from multiple sources to create a new understanding or interpretation.

a direct quotation is when you use the exact words of someone else in your own writing.

numbers, percentages, and facts that have been collected by an exclusive source (such as during an experiment or poll)

any original idea or thought that you find during your research and present in your writing

always follow copyright rules when using images, including those you find online

- the act of referencing or acknowledging a source of information used in a research or academic paper.

CITATION is... a brief notation within the text of a paper or article that refers the reader to a complete reference at the end of the paper or article.

CITATION is... a method for giving credit to sources used in a paper by listing them on a Works Cited page at the end of the paper.

CITATION is... the practice of providing bibliographic information (author, publisher, date, etc.) about a source used in a paper or other publication.

CITATION is... the process of acknowledging sources of information and ideas used in a research paper or other written work.

CITATION is... identifies the original source for the reader for an idea, information, or image referred to in the work.

provides enough sources of information for the reader to be able to identify and, if necessary, obtain the original resource

works the same way but it provides all the information to find the original source.

commonly used in social sciences, such as psychology, sociology, and education

emphasizes the author's name in in-text citations and includes detailed publication information in the Works Cited list.

commonly used in history, art history, and business.

emphasizes the author's name and year of publication in in-text citations and includes detailed publication information in the reference list.

a numerical system for in-text citations that includes detailed publication information in the reference list.

commonly used in engineering and computer science

These do not require citation

overall strategy or plan that outlines the steps to be taken to address a research problem or question

the process of selecting participants or cases to be included in the study.

the tools or techniques used to collect data in qualitative research.

the process of collecting data using the selected instrumentation

the process of examining the data collected in qualitative research to identify patterns, themes, and relationships.

study of a cultural group or community, with a focus on understanding the culture from an insider's perspective.

the development of a theory or explanation based on the analysis of data.

the study of personal stories narratives, with a focus on understanding the meaning and significance of the stories.

to understand how language uses shapes and reflects social reality, and how it is used to construct and communicate meanings and identities

This design involves the in-depth study of a particular phenomenon or situation, such as an individual, group, organization, or program.

This design involves the study of a particular phenomenon or experience, with a focus on understanding the subjective experiences of individuals.

- This design involves the systematic analysis of written or visual material, with a focus on identifying patterns or themes in the data.

a word that refers to your method or process of selecting respondents to answer questions meant to yield data for a research study.

pertains to the totality of all the people, objects, elements, and characteristics under consideration.

A sampling frame is a term used to mean the list of the members of such a population from where you will get the sample

involves random selection, allowing you to make strong statistical inferences about the whole group.

involves non-random selection based on convenience or other criteria, allowing you to easily collect data

is a random and automated method to select a sample.

a method in which a large population is divided into two smaller groups, which usually do not overlap but represent the entire population.

A method that randomly selects participants when they are geographically dispersed.

A comprehensive implementation of the same probability technique in which each group member is selected at regular periods to form a sample

deliberately selecting participants who meet specific criteria

identifying individuals who are particularly knowledgeable or experienced in the area being studied and recruiting them as participants

This strategy involves recruiting participants through referrals from other participants.

can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured, depending on the research question and purpose. Interviews can be conducted in person, over the phone, or online.

the researcher observes and records participants' behaviors and actions in their natural environment.

the researcher analyzes existing documents to gain insight into a particular phenomenon