WorksheetsGeneral Virology
Total questions: 28
Worksheet time: 42mins
A structural component that is found in ALL virions is:
Tail fibers
Capsid
DNA
envelope
A protein shell which surrounds and protects the viral genome is a
spike
capsid
nucleocapsid
virion
A lipid membrane which surrounds some virions is a(n)
envelope
capsid
nucleocapsid
glycoprotein spike
Which of the following infectious agents do not have nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)?
Protozoa
Prions
Bacteria
Viruses
Which bacteriophage replication cycle does not kill the host cell?
lytic cycle
lysogenic cycle
latent cycle
chronic cycle
Which bacteriophage replication cycle results in integration (insertion) of the phage DNA into the bacterial chromosome?
lytic cycle
lysogenic cycle
cytophathic cycle
latent cycle
Which of the following is true regarding viral spikes? (choose all that apply)
they are often made of protein and carbohydrates
they are located inside the capsid
they may act as antigens to trigger an immune response
they may help the virion attach to host cells
Which are real examples of possible viral capsid structures? (select all that apply)
lysical
helical
polyhedral
complex
proglottical
Which of the following is TRUE regarding growing viruses? (choose all that apply)
they must be grown in living cells
they can be grown in beef broth media
some can be grown in cell culture
some can be grown in eggs
If a virus growing in cell culture kills an area of cells, this area of dead cells/loss of cells is called a
lysogenic focus
cyst
colony
plaque
Phages infect
plants
people
bacteria
animals
The structure of a bacteriophage virion enables the virus to get it's DNA into the host cell. This virion structure resembles a _____
tapeworm
syringe
icosahedron
endospore
When a viral infection causes cells to be sick or die, this is called
viral sick day
lysogenic effect
capsid toxicity
cytophathic effect
In what bacteriophage life cycle is the phage synthesizing many new virions and releasing them from the host cell?
phage cycle
prion cycle
lysogenic cycle
lytic cycle
Which of the following are examples of how transduction can occur as a result of phage infection? (choose all that apply)
bacterial DNA adjacent to the phage genome is excised and packaged into phage virions
random pieces of host DNA are accidentally packaged into phage virions
bacterial host DNA is packaged into vesicles and released out of the host cell
mosquitos transfer host DNA from one bacterial cell to another
When transduction happens as a result of phage infection, this means that
the newly infected bacterial cell is virulent
the newly infected bacterial cell becomes resistant to phage infection
the newly infected bacterial cell gains new gene(s)
the newly infected host cell dies
What biological reason explains why RNA viruses generally mutate more quickly than DNA viruses?
RNA is more complex than DNA
RNA viruses do not need to use the nucleus of the host cell
RNA dependent RNA polymerase does not have proofreading ability
RNA viruses replicate more quickly than DNA viruses
Retroviruses use what enzyme to make a DNA copy from their RNA genome?
reverse transcriptase
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
ligase
In retroviral infections, what happens to the DNA complement that is made from the RNA genome?
the DNA complement acts as a toxin in the host cells
the DNA complement is packaged into new retroviral virions
the DNA complement is used to make more proteins
the DNA complement integrates into the host DNA
After infection with chicken pox, the virus remains asymptomatic in the body for years before reactivating to cause shingles. This form of dormancy is called
oncogenesis
persistant infection
latency
acute infection
Viruses can cause cancer by (select all that apply)
disrupting host genes that regulate cell growth
producing toxins
encoding genes that cause cancer
replicating virions too quickly
An infectious, misfolded protein is a
virion
prion
denaturion
phage
Prion diseases primarily affect the
gastrointestinal system
respiratory system
vascular system
brain/neurological system
Which of the following are TRUE of prion diseases? (select all that apply)
prion proteins are inactivated by irradiating the DNA genome of the prion
prion proteins clump together to form holes/sponginess in the brain
prion proteins are easily inactivated with heat
PrP ^Sc is the misfolded infectious form of the normal cellular PrP protein
prion diseases affect animals and humans
A viral infection that causes symptoms and progresses over many years in one person is a
latent infection
acute infection
persistent infection
phage infection
An animal virion can enter a cell by (select all that apply)
fusing the viral envelope with the host plasma membrane
injection of the naked viral genome into the host cell
being surrounded within a vesicle at the plasma membrane via endocytosis
binding host proteins and converting them into virion proteins
During a virus replication cycle, new virions get their envelopes when (select all that apply)
they bud into the plasma membrane to be released from the cell
bind to the plasma membrane for entry
they bud into organelle membranes
synthesize their DNA in the nucleus
In general, animal viruses can only infect cells if the virus can
inject it's DNA/RNA into the cell
cause cancer
bind to receptors on those cells
cause lysis of those cells
