WorksheetsMrs.Hartman's Bellringers - Unit 1-9
Total questions: 221
Worksheet time: 2hrs 52mins
Estimate the percentage of students that got a B on the test
25%
60%
10%
5%
What conclusion can be drawn from the graph shown?
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been decreasing over time.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are responsible for global temperature changes.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been increasing over time.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have remained the same over time.
Based on Figure 1-1, it can be correctly concluded that the pituitary extract...
affects the growth of rats
is essential for life
affects the growth of all animals
determines when a rat will be born
Use the graph below to answer the last 3 questions. Figure 1-1 shows the average growth rate for 38 pairs of newborn rats. One of each pair was injected with anterior pituitary extract. The other member of each pair served as a control. At 75 days, what was the average weight of the rats injected with pituitary extract?
65 grams
125 grams
200 grams
225 grams
The graph shows the relationship between the weight of treated and untreated rats and the
age of the rats
size of the rats' pituitary glands
type of food fed to the rats
sex of the rats
_____ is the study of living organisms
Sociology
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Which is NOT a rule of Lab Safety
Always wear your PPE during a lab
Long hair must be secured away from face
No eating or drinking in the lab
You must line up to pick up lab materials
The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called...
evolution
homeostasis
sexual reproduction
metabolism
Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why some North American birds fly south for the winter?
energy and ability to metabolize
evolution
reproduction
response to the environment
You notice Ms. Hartman gets really excited about Biology. You say, "she must really care about teaching Biology to her students". That statement is...
an inference
true
an observation
false
A student studied the location of single celled photosynthetic organisms in a lake for a period of several weeks. The depth at which these organisms were found at different times of the day varied greatly. Some of the data collected are shown in the table below. Which of the following statements would be a valid inference based on the data?
most photosynthetic organisms live below a depth of 150 centimeters
photosynthetic organisms respond to changing light levels
oxygen production increases as photosynthetic organisms move deeper in the lake
photosynthetic organisms move up and down to increase their rate of carbon dioxide production
An investigation was performed with honeybees to determine the average amount of nectar a bee carried in relation to the distance the flowers were from the hive. The following data was collected: Which inference is best supported by the data collected?
The flowers near the hive had less nectar.
The distance had no clear effect on the amount of nectar collected.
There is a distance beyond which bees lack the energy to carry back a maximum load of nectar.
The farther away the bees had to go the less nectar they carried.
Look at the picture and determine one observation that is both qualitative and quantitative
One beaker has 500 mL of blue liquid in it
it weighs 100 grams
the blue liquid is water
Both beakers have blue liquid in them.
What is the name of variable that changes because of the Independent Variable and is measured?
control
dependent variable
independent variable
experimental
A company that manufactures a popular multivitamin wanted to determine whether their multivitamin had any side effects. For its initial study, the company chose 2000 individuals to take one of their multivitamin tablets per day for one year. Scientists from the company surveyed the participants to determine whether they had experienced any side effects. The greatest problem with this procedure is that...
no control group was used
the study lasted only one year
only one brand of vitamin was tested
the sample size was not large enough
What is the independent variable for this graph?
Enzyme Activity Rate
Temperature
Which of the following statements is true about scientific theories?
Scientific theories become hypotheses.
Scientific theories summarize patterns found in nature.
Scientific theories become scientific laws.
Scientific theories are never proven.
A Scientific Law ________________
describes why something happens based on peer reviewed, empirical data
is based off of inferences
is the result of a Scientific Theory
states that something happens given a specific natural circumstance
Scientific Laws are based off of ______________, while Scientific Theories are based off of ________________.
inferences; observations
obervations; inferences
Qualitative data; Quantitative data
Quantitative data; Qualitative data
The microscope you are most likely to use in high school and college is...
Dissecting Microscope
SEM Microscope
Compound Microscope
TEM Microscope
Which of the following is not a true statement about compound light microscopes?
They can be used to observe living specimens.
They use light as their Illuminating source.
They use electrons as their Illuminating source.
They can be used to observe preserved specimens.
Which of the following tools used by biologists would be the best choice for viewing a live bacteria cell?
SEM
TEM
compound light microscope
electronic balance
This is an image of a Tardigrade, also known as a water bear. It is one of the world's most indestructible creatures and is very commonly found in human eyelashes. Don't worry though... this one is dead. What kind of microscope captured this image?
TEM microscope
Compund microscope
Dissection Microscope
SEM microscope
The image shown is bacteria that has been stained to differentiate them from other cells. Which microscope was used to view these bacterial cells?
Compound Microscope (Light Microscope)
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM
Dissecting Microscope
If you were a scientist and you wanted to see the inside of an algae cell to look at the tiny organelles, which microscope would you choose?
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Compound Microscope (Light Microscope)
Dissecting Microscope
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?
the ability to metabolize
growth and development
response to environment
the ability to move
Water is considered a(n) ___________ factor in an ecosystem
abiotic
catalyzing
biotic
conductive
What is the name of the test subject or group that represents what would have happened had you done nothing in the experiment (baseline)
experimental
independent
control
dependent
Which of these is considered to be a biotic factor?
Salinity
Temperature
Compost
Water
Which variable is observed for changes in response to the independent variable?
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Constants
Control Group
Which factor in a controlled experiment is deliberately changed?
Dependent Variable
Constant
Independent Variable
Control Group
An experiment was designed to determine the effect of nitrates on plant growth. Two groups of plants were grown under identical conditions, except one group was watered with a dilute nitrate solution and the other group received water without nitrates. In this investigation, the group of plants grown without added nitrates is known as the...
variable
control
environmental stimulus
abiotic factor
An experiment was carried out to determine which mouthwash was most effective against bacteria commonly found in the mouth. Four paper discs were each dipped into a different brand of mouthwash. The discs were then placed onto the surface of a culture plate that contained food, moisture, and bacteria commonly found in the mouth. The diagram below shows the growth of bacteria on the plate after 24 hours. Which change in procedure would have improved the experiment?
using a smaller plate with less food and moisture
using the same size paper discs for each mouthwash
using bacteria from many habitats other than the mouth
using the same type of mouthwash on each disc
Researchers notice that animal populations in a wildlife preserve have been decreasing. Which step should the researchers perform to obtain the most valid data about the decreasing animal population?
analyze data about areas of the preserve that require extensive maintenance
interview current and former employees about their favorite animal found in the preserve
throughout the year count and record animals throughout the preserve, as well as log animal deaths
count and track the number of guests visiting the preserve on a weekly basis
For her science fair project, Samantha would like to see how different substance affect bone mass. She collects several chicken leg bones from the grocery store, records each bone’s mass, and soaks them in different liquids for 48 hours. After 48 hours Samantha measures the mass of each bone again.
l only
ll only
l and lll
l, ll, and lll
The diagram below shows two setups used to study bacterial growth. Each setup initially contained an equal number of the bacterium E. coli in different carbohydrate solutions. After one hour, a 1-milliliter sample was drawn from each tube and analyzed. The number of bacteria found in the sample from test tube 1 was higher than the number in the sample from test tube 2. What conclusion regarding this investigation is NOT valid?
All bacteria grow best in a solution of glucose than in a solution of sucrose.
The rate of growth of E. coli depends on the type of carbohydrate present.
The type of sugar solution will make a difference in the rate of growth of E. coli.
E. coli grows better in a 10% solution of glucose than in a 10% solution of sucrose.
A mineral supplement designed to prevent the flu is given to two groups of people during a scientific study. Dosages of the supplement are measured in milligrams per day, as shown in the table below. After 10 weeks, neither group reports a case of the flu. Which action will make the study provide useful data?
testing the supplement on both groups for only 5 weeks
including a third group that does not receive the supplement
only testing the group that is given 200 mg of the supplement
including a third group that receives 150 mg of the supplement
The current knowledge concerning cells is the result of the investigations and observations of many scientists. The work of these scientists forms a well-accepted body of knowledge about cells. This body of knowledge is an example of which of the following?
a controlled experiment
a hypothesis
a research plan
a theory
In the 1600s, Francesco Redi was the first scientist to try to disprove spontaneous generation, the belief that living things can come from non-living things. Louis Pasteur, in 1859, finally disproved a centuries old belief in the origin of living things. Which is the best statement that can be made about scientific theories?
Scientific theories are well-tested hypotheses supported by an abundance of hypothetical evidence.
Scientifc theories can never be disproven once they are accepted by scientists.
Scientific theories are the culmination of many scientific investigations drawing together all current evidence.
Scientific theories are tested over time.
Scientists design experiments which follow the scientific process then create a theoretical model based on the experimental results. For the model to be accepted by the scientific community and considered a theory, what are the series of events which need to occur?
Scientists make predictions, retest the predictions, but do not communicate the results.
Scientists rewrite the hypothesis to fit the theoretical model then repeat the same experiment for a minimum of five years because this is the only way to validate the results.
After scientists communicate the results to the scientific community, other scientists will need to confirm and validate the results in order to accept the theoretical model.
Nothing more is necessary; the model will automatically be accepted by all scientists.
Scientists have made many observations about cells. Three of these observations are listed below. Which of these was developed after scientists analyzed these observations?
the cell model
the cell hypothesis
the cell theory
the cell law
If new experimental findings contradict a scientific theory, what might happen to the theory?
The theory could become a law, with an exception for the new evidence.
The new evidence could be accepted and the theory changed.
The new evidence could be rejected because it does not support the theory.
The theory could stand as written, ignoring the new evidence.
Which requirement must be met in order for a scientific statement to be accepted as a theory?
The statement cannot be proven wrong.
The statement is accepted by all scientists in that field of study.
The statement describes a new, previously unstudied phenomenon.
The statement relies on many supporting pieces of evidence.
SC.912.L.18.1 Which macromolecule is made from the monomer shown below?
nucleic acids
proteins
lipids
carbohydrates
SC.912.L.18.1 This Biomolecule contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. The R represents a chain that loops and twists around into a globular shape which allows it to perform a variety of functions based on its structure.
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
SC.912.L.18.1 This Biomolecule is composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. The Phosphate portions of the monomers stick together to create long chains that are known to arrange in a double-helix pattern. The Nitrogenous base will be either A,C,T,G, or U.
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
SC.912.L.18.1 This macromolecule has been associated a great deal with muscle building and is often used during pre- and post workouts to replenish the body of the necessary nutrients it needs to promote increased muscle function and growth. Which macromolecule is made up of a chain of amino acids and allows the muscles to contract making body movement possible?
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
carbohydrates
SC.912.L.18.1 The diagram below shows the structure for part of a molecule. What subunits of the molecule are shown?
nucleotide
amino acid
glucose
fatty acid
SC.912.L.18.1 The diagram below represents the synthesis of nutrients to form organic compounds. Which of the following substances is most likely represented by the letter X?
ozone
water
carbon dioxide
carbohydrates
SC.912.L.18.1 The diagram below shows the structure of a certain biological macromolecule. Carbon bonds are not drawn to scale. Which macromolecule is shown in the diagram?
lipid
carbohydrate
protein
nucleic acid
SC.912.L.18.1 Four different types of macromolecules and their characteristics are listed below. What type of macromolecule is D?
lipid
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
protein
SC.912.L.18.1 Match the letter with the appropriate subunits of the nucleotide.
A. Nitrogenous Base B. Pentose Sugar C. Phosphate group
A. Phosphate Group B. Nitrogenous Base C. Pentose Sugar
A. Phosphate group B. Pentose Sugar C. Nitrogenous Base
A. Pentose sugar B. Nitrogenous base C. Phosphate group
SC.912.L.18.12 A stalk of celery is placed into a beaker of colored water. After a few minutes , the colored water has moved up into the celery stalk’s tubes. What statement below best describes this result?
The water molecules moved by adhesion to the plant fibers.
Roots sucked up the colored water
The water molecules high heat capacity caused the colored water molecules to move up the stalk.
The water molecules in the celery stalk attracted the colored water molecules to move by cohesion.
SC.912.L.18.12 This property of water enables water molecules to stick to each other creating surface tension
Polarity
High Specific Heat
Adhesion
Cohesion
SC.912.L.18.12 The cohesive and adhesive properties of water molecules are due to ______________ bonds between water molecules
Covalent
Hydrogen
Ionic
Double
PSC.912.L.18.12 Water sticks very well to many materials. Which term relates to this property of water?
adhesion
surface tension
capillary action
cohesion
SC.912.L.18.12 The diagram below shows a water molecule. What makes water a good solvent?
The hydrogen atoms have a slightly positive charge and the oxygen atom has a slightly negative charge which allows water to bond with a wide range of substances.
Water has more oxygen atoms to form other substances quickly.
Water has only three atoms which can be easily removed to bond with other substances.
The oxygen atom has a slightly positive charge and the hydrogen atoms have a slightly negative charge which allows water to bond with many substances.
SC.912.L.18.12 This property of water allows water molecules to stick to everything else. For example - steam sticking to the mirror after a shower.
Polarity
Cohesion
High Specific Heat
Adhesion
SC.912.L.18.12 Water is one of the most powerful natural solvents known. For instance, salt, sugar, glucose, and nitrates all dissolve readily in water. The solvent property of water is vital for life because many biochemical reactions take place only within aqueous solutions. What is another reason why the solvent property of water is important to life?
Water is able to cool the body when it evaporates.
Water can increase the concentration of toxic substances.
Water is able to flow past obstacles present in the bowel.
Water can transport nutrients throughout the body.
SC.912.L.18.12 Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature?
Water has an unusual crystalline structure.
Water exhibits strong cohesion.
Water has a high capacity for heat.
Water is a good solvent.
SC.912.L.18.12 Fish are able to remain alive during extremely cold winters when ice forms on top of lakes is an example of which property of water
Cohesion
Polarity
Adhesion
Water expands and rises when it freezes
SC.912.L.18.12 Pure Water has a pH of ______________
0 - 7
Exactly 7
14 +
7 - 14
Which two of these factors will cause enzymes to denature if not kept in the right range? (pick 2)
Salinity
Temperature
pH
Exposure to sunlight
Nearly all enzymes are classified as this biomolecule which is made of monomers called amino acids
Carbohydrate
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
Protein
SC.912.L.18.11 There are many enzymes found in the human body. What is the function of these enzymes?
to increase the amount of energy available for certain reactions to occur
to adjust the temperature of the body to allow reactions to occur
to lower the amount of energy needed for certain reactions to occur
to provide the substrates for reactions to occur
SC.912.L.18.12 One unique property of water is its high surface tension. Which of the following biological functions is facilitated by water's high surface tension?
II, only
III, only
I and II, only
II and III, only
SC.912.L.18.11 Which factor makes enzymes well-suited to the role of catalyst in a biochemical reaction?
Enzymes slow down reactions so products can form.
Enzymes can be reused because they do not permanently get used in the reaction
Enzymes do not affect the energy of a reaction.
Enzymes can only bind to other enzymes so the same product is formed each time.
Enzymes need certain environmental conditions in order to function properly. What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
they denature (change shape)
they die
they work better
they change their amino acid sequence
A ____________ is the chemical that is changed by the enzyme to create a product.
catalyst
protein
substrate
solute
SC.912.L.18.11 Which of the following will affect an enzyme's rate of reaction?
l and II only
l and lll only
ll and lll only
l, ll, and lll
SC.912.L.18.11 A digestive enzyme that is released into the small intestines by the pancreas is used to break down proteins. Data from a chemical reaction with the digestive enzyme are shown in the graph below.
It breaks down the most proteins between pH 1.0 and pH 5.0.
It will work best if pH levels increase above pH 10.0.
It is effective at breaking down proteins from pH 1.0 to pH 10.0.
It functions most efficiently from pH 7.0 to pH 9.0.
Letter B in the picture is...
substrate
enzyme-substrate complex
products
active site
Enzymes are biological catalysts which
Increase the solubility of liquids
Slows down the digestion of proteins
makes solutions acidic or basic
Lower the activation energy of and speed up the rate of chemical reactions
SC.912.L.18.11 Sophia produces the graph shown below during a biology class investigation. What could she infer about the probable difference between the original reaction and Reaction B, based on the data?
Glucose was added to Reaction B.
A catalyst was added to Reaction B.
Additional water was added to Reaction B.
Additional reactants were added to Reaction B.
SC.912.L.18.1 Both lipids and carbohydrates can be used by the cell as...
replacements for salts.
building blocks for RNA.
sources of energy.
catalysts for metabolic reactions.
SC.912.L.18.1 To which class of nutrients do the molecules of fats and oils belong?
lipids
proteins
carbohydrates
minerals
SC.912.L.18.1 The picture below shows the nutritional label for Greek yogurt, a milk-based food product that is high in protein. What will happen when the 14 grams of protein in the Greek yogurt is eaten by person?
It will be broken down into amino acids.
It will be broken down into nucleic acids.
It will be combined into polysaccharides.
It will be combined into monosaccharides.
SC.912.L.18.1 This biomolecule provides short term energy and is made of subunits called monosaccharides
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
SC.912.L.18.1 During the digestion of foods, large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. For example, starch, a complex carbohydrate, can be directly broken down into
simple protein molecules.
simple sugar molecules.
amino acids.
fatty acids
SC.912.L.18.1 Nearly all enzymes are classified as this biomolecule which is made of monomers called amino acids
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrate
SC.912.L.18.1 Glycerols and Fatty Acids are the primary components of this biomolecule which provides long term energy storage for living organisms.
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrate
Protein
Lipid
SC.912.L.18.1 How do lipids mainly function in living organisms?
as inorganic compounds
as catalysts of chemical reactions
as sources of stored energy
as transmitters of genetic information
Between 15,000 and 18,000 new species of organisms are discovered each year. Cell theory states that which of the following must be true about each new kind of organism?
It must be made up of one or more cells.
It cells must be able to make their own food.
All its cells must perform the same function.
Some of its cells must include a cell wall.
As the cell theory transformed throughout the years, scientists developed several defining statements about cells. Which of these statements is part of the cell theory?
Cells absorb other cells for energy.
All cells are composed of identical parts.
All living things are made of one or more cells.
Plant cells function differently from animal cells.
Which term represents the strongest, most powerful scientific explanation?
conclusion
hypothesis
law
theory
What macromolecule class is represented by the picture?
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Two cells are represented by the following diagram. Which of the following statements is an accurate conclusion that can be drawn about these two cells?
Cell 1 is a prokaryotic cell due to the presence of ribosomes
Cell 2 is a prokaryotic cell due to the presence of cytoplasm
Cell 1 is an eukaryotic cell due to the presence of a flagellum
Cell 2 is an eukaryotic cell due to the presence of a nucleus
Which statement is true about the cells in the diagram?
Cell 1 is a bacteria and cell 2 is a plant cell with chloroplast
Cell 1 is a prokaryote and cell 2 is a eukaryote
They both are animal cells.
They both have a nucleus.
How do plant cells differ from animal cells?
plant cells have a nucleus and animal cells do not
plant cells have a cell membrane and animal cells do not.
plant cells have cytoplasm and animal cells do not.
plant cells have large vacuoles and animal cells have small vacuoles.
He observed "cells" while observing cork cells.
Schwann
Schlieden
Hooke
Virchow
Organelle that is found only in plant cells
vesicle
mitochondria
nucleus
central vacoule
Organisms with cells that have a nucleus are called . . .
Bacteria
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Archaea
This scientist said all plants were made out of cells
Hooke
Virchow
Schlieden
Schwann
Which of these does not describe a eukaryotic cell?
complex
large
DNA in cytoplasm
nucleus
The cell membrane that surrounds all cells is said to be semipermeable. What does this mean?
Only certain substances can pass through the cell membrane.
Only particles of a substance that are small enough can pass through the cell membrane.
The cell membrane always uses energy to transport particles of substances into and out of the cell.
The cell membrane consists of two layers of lipids with proteins that are either embedded in these layers or on the surface.
A diagram of a plant cell is shown below. Which of these is a function of the cell membrane and NOT the cell wall?
directing growth of the plant
controlling what enters the cell
providing structure to the plant
storing genetic material for the cell
Which of these best describes the function of the semi-permeable membrane in plant and animal cells?
to release ATP during the process of cellular respiration
to capture light energy in order to perform photosynthesis
to generate all the energy responsible for cellular metabolism
to regulate the movement of material into and out of the cell
Cell membranes are said to...
all of these
control what enters and exits cells
made of a phospholipid bilayer
be semipermeable
Means only certain things may enter or exit a cell.
hydrophobic
isotonic
hydrophilic
selectively permeable
Particles moving from a high concentration to a lower concentration are demonstrating _____.
mitosis
active transport
osmosis
diffusion
A student watered a wilted houseplant. The diagrams show how the plant changed over time. Which cell organelle is responsible for this change?
nucleus
cell membrane
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
Which process does not require energy in the form of ATP?
exocytosis
phagocytosis
endocytosis
diffusion
Which process requires cellular energy?
osmosis
diffusion
active transport
passive transport
Sugar is a large molecule that cannot pass freely through a cell membrane. How does this important nutrient enter the cell?
osmosis
diffusion
active transport
transport pump
Fish use their gills to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with their environment. Which process allows the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membrane of the gill cells?
carrier proteins
simple diffusion
active transport
facilitated diffusion
The diagram below represents movement of a large molecule across a membrane. Which process is represented by this diagram?
diffusion
active transport
protein building
gene manipulation
The movement of water only into cells is:
diffusion
mitosis
active transport
osmosis
Which of the following is not a type of passive transport?
facilitated diffusion
diffusion
osmosis
endocytosis
An investigation was set up to study the movement of water through a membrane. The results are shown in the diagram below. Based on these results, which statement correctly predicts what will happen to red blood cells when they are placed in a beaker containing a saltwater solution that has a salt concentration much higher than that of the red blood cells?
The red blood cells will lose water and decrease in size.
The red blood cells will first lose water, then absorb water.
The red blood cells will first absorb water, then lose water.
The red blood cells will absorb water and increase in size.
Misha places some cells from an onion skin on a microscope slide. He uses a freshwater solution to make the wet-mount slide. When he observes the cells under the microscope for an extended period of time, what is he most likely to see?
The cells have shrunk within the cell walls.
The cells have not been affected by the solution.
The cells have swollen, expanding the cell walls.
The cells have dissolved, destroying the cell walls.
When dissolved particles are the same inside and outside a cell it is said to be?
isotonic
hypertonic
osmosis
hypotonic
A hypertonic solution is one where...
the concentration of a solution outside the cell is higher than the concentration than inside the cell
the concentration of a solution outside the cell is equal to the concentration than inside the cell
the concentration of a solution outside the cell is lower than the concentration than inside the cell
A section of a cell membrane is shown in the diagram below. Which type of membrane transport by a carrier protein is most likely shown in the diagram if energy is NOT being used?
Osmosis
Simple diffusion
Active transport
Facilitated diffusion
A solution that is hypotonic to a cell has...
more solutes than the cell.
the same concentration of solutes as the cell.
fewer solutes than the cell.
The flower of a plant is the site of which life process?
germination
photosynthesis
reproduction
transpiration
The diagram below shows the cross section of a leaf. Which of the following roles best describes one of the functions of Structure X?
absorbs sunlight
produces glucose
transports nutrients
prevents moisture loss
What is the function of stomata in a leaf?
to capture sunlight
to exchange gases
to collect nutrients
to absorb water
The image below shows grass growing in soil. Structure X provides more than one function to the plant. Which of the following is a function of Structure X?
releases water into the soil
anchors the plant in the soil
absorbs oxygen from the soil
transports carbon dioxide to the soil
Why are the leaves of many plants broad and flat?
to prevent water loss from transpiration
to transport nutrients through the plant
to obtain energy by breaking bonds in glucose
to capture light energy used for photosynthesis
Use the figure below to answer the following question. The letter "A" in the figure represents the...
pistil
ovary
stigma
anther
What is the main purpose of seeds in plants that have them?
To protect and distribute the fertilized egg.
To entice animals to eat the plant.
To be fertilized by other plants.
To store water for the mother plant.
Like many multicellular organisms, plants have organs that perform specific functions. Which of the following correctly pairs a plant organ with its function?
Plant stems allow for plant movement.
Plant roots anchor plants to the soil
Plant flowers provide the energy needed for seeds to develop.
Plant leaves capture the water needed for photosynthesis from rain.
Flowers with brightly colored petals are generally pollinated by insects. The insects transfer pollen grains from one plant to another. The pollen is captured from the insect at the...
anther
style
stigma
ovary
The underside of a leaf is dotted with tiny pores called stomata. Stomata assist in several important life processes of plants. Which of the following is NOT a function of stomata?
releasing water during transpiration
releasing oxygen as a waste product
capturing pollen for sexual reproduction
absorbing carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
Which type of tissue contains open vessels that transport water, ions, minerals, and nutrients throughout a plant?
dermal
ground
meristematic
vascular
Plant cells that are specialized for cell division are most likely found in what part of the plant?
root tips
leaf epidermis
stem epidermis
vascular tissue
The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur. Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?
Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.
Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
Cellular respiration is almost the reverse of photosynthesis. What compounds are produced in the chloroplast and used by the mitochondria?
glucose and oxygen
water, carbon dioxide, and ATP
carbon dioxide, ADP, and glucose
glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
The equation below is an equation for a chemical reaction. In this equation, what is the role of the light energy?
Light energy is converted into minerals.
Light energy makes oxygen and glucose combine.
Light energy is used to absorb water from the ground.
Light energy splits carbon dioxide and water molecules.
Which of the following statements claims that cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes?
Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy.
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.
Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.
Photosynthesis consumes glucose, and cellular respiration produces glucose.
A student is collecting gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27ºC. The gas being collected is probably what?
oxygen
carbon dioxide
ATP
glucose
Which letter points to the structure through which water is lost during transpiration?
A
D
E
F
In the figure listed below, why might the candle in jar A burn longer than the candle in jar B?
Carbon dioxide produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
Chloroplyll produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
Glucose produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
Oxygen produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.
What organisms use cellular respiration to get energy?
plants only
heterotrophs only
plants and animals
animals only
Which vascular plant organ is most dependent on surface area to carry out its function?
flower
fruit
leaf
stem
The diagram shows a plant going through photosynthesis. What reactants are used during photosynthesis?
oxygen and glucose
carbon dioxide and oxygen
light energy, carbon dioxide, and water
glucose, carbon dioxide, light energy, and water
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into what products?
oxygen and carbon.
high-energy sugars and proteins.
ATP and oxygen.
oxygen and glucose.
Which of the following is the correct equation for Photosynthesis?
6O2 + 6H2O --> 6CO2 + C6H12O6
6CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O --> O2
6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> 6O2 + C6H12O6
C6H12O6+ 6O2 ---> 6H2O + 6CO2 + 38 ATP
If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant's environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant's production of high-energy sugars?
More sugars will be produced.
No sugars will be produced.
The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide.
Fewer sugars will be produced at first, but then the plant will recover.
Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?
in the ATP
in the stroma
in the thylakoid membrane
in the thylakoid space
Which diagram shows photosynthesis with the correct reactants and products?
Plants gather energy with light-absorbing pigments called
chlorophyll.
thylakoids.
chloroplasts.
glucose
Where does photosynthesis take place?
nucleus
mitochondria
chloroplast
ribosome
Which of the following is NOT found in the overall reaction for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide
water
light
nitrogen
Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis by absorbing
high-energy sugars.
chlorophyll a.
chlorophyll b.
sunlight
Plants gather energy with light-absorbing pigments called
chlorophyll.
thylakoids.
chloroplasts.
glucose.
What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
to convert sunlight to glucose
to change colors of leaves in the fall
to make more plants
to convert glucose to usable energy
What are the outputs (products) of photosynthesis?
glucose and carbon dioxide
glucose and oxygen
carbon dioxide and water
water and oxygen
What are the inputs (reactants) of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
glucose and carbon dioxide
glucose and oxygen
carbon dioxide and oxygen
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
adenine, thylakoid, and a phosphate group
stroma, grana, and chlorophyll
adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
NADH, NADPH, and FADH2
What does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
adenosine diphosphate
adeline triphosphate
adenosine tophosphate
All of the following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT
structure A
structure B
structure C
structure D
Organisms use ATP as an energy currency to fuel cellular activity. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the role of ATP for energy within a cell?
When the cell needs energy, ADP is broken into ATP, releasing the stored energy.
ATP provides the energy for the cell to do work, such as transporting molecules across a membrane.
Mitochondira in both plants and animals convert chemical energy into ATP
ATP stores energy in the chemical bonds between the three phosphate groups attached to the ribose molecule.
The diagram below represents a portion of a nucleic acid molecule. The part indicated by arrow X could be...
adenine
ribose
deoxyribose
phosphate
Which of these statements best explains why DNA is similar in most living organisms?
All organisms have the same number of chromosomes.
All chromosomes have the same number of DNA nucleotide pairs.
All DNA contains the same bases that code for the same amino acids.
All DNA is passed from one generation to the next during reproduction.
Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the central dogma?
RNA to DNA to Protein
DNA to RNA to Protein
Protein to DNA to RNA
Protein to RNA to DNA
Proteins have many different functions in a cell. Which of the following are possible functions of a protein?
catalysts and building blocks of DNA
enzymes and actively transports molecules across the cell membrane
building blocks of DNA and structural components of cell membrane
components of the cell membrane and main source of energy in cellular respiration
DNA is composed of strands of nucleotides that pair in regular patterns and are held together by forces shown in the diagram below. What are the names of those bonds?
hydrogen bonds
carbon bonds
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
The molecule DNA contains the four bases listed below. Which base pairings normally occur during DNA replication?
Guanine pairs with cytosine. Thymine pairs with thymine
Adenine pairs with thymine. Cytosine pairs with guanine.
Thymine pairs with guanine. Cytosine pairs with adenine.
Cytosine pairs with cytosine. Thymine pairs with thymine
If the structure of DNA is like a ladder, what would make up the supporting structure or "rails" (not the “rungs”) of the ladder?
nucleotide bases, including uracil
sugar-phosphate molecules
nucleotide bases, including thymine
amino acids and sugars
Transcription is a process that occurs in cells. Which is the best description of transcription?
DNA is copied.
A RNA template is used to make proteins.
A DNA template is used to generate RNA.
A DNA sequence is used to activate enzymes in a cell.
Which of the following are the steps that RNA must take for the process of transcription to occur?
RNA should copy the DNA code in the nucleus and then travel to the cytoplasm.
RNA should copy the DNA code in the cytoplasm and find a ribosome.
DNA should leave the nucleus to give RNA the code at a ribosome.
DNA should copy the code and give it to tRNA when mRNA arrives at the ribosome.
Transcription takes place in the
nucleus
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
ribosome
Which two cell structures work together in the process of protein synthesis?
nucleus and chloroplast
mitochondrion and cell membrane
ribosome and vacuole
nucleus and ribosome
Which of the following are the steps that RNA must take for the process of transcription to occur?
DNA should copy the code and give it to tRNA when mRNA arrives at the ribosome.
DNA should leave the nucleus to give RNA the code at a ribosome.
RNA should copy the DNA code in the cytoplasm and find a ribosome.
RNA should copy the DNA code in the nucleus and then travel to the cytoplasm.
What is the first step in both replication and transcription?
weak hydrogen bonds are broken
DNA strands separate
DNA is unzipped
Nitrogenous bases are arranged in a specific order
Which defines a codon in DNA or mRNA?
two-base code
pair of nucleic acid and sugar
three-base code
pair of phosphate and sugar
The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
4
8
12
20
Translation occurs in the
mitochondria
golgi apparatus
nucleus
cytoplasm
Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
nRNA
The table below gives the codons found in messenger RNA (mRNA). Based on the table above, determine the sequence of amino acids produced by this DNA sequence: 5’ GCAGTTTTC 3’?
Arg - Gln – Lys
Cys - Gln - Lys
Ser – Phe – Phe
Ala - Val – Phe
The diagram below shows a vital cell process. Which process is illustrated in this diagram?
replication
transcription
translation
fermentation
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in RNA but not DNA?
cytosine
adenine
thymine
uracil
Transcription is a process that occurs in cells. Which is the best description of transcription?
DNA is copied.
A RNA template is used to make proteins.
A DNA template is used to generate RNA.
A DNA sequence is used to activate enzymes in a cell.
In order for protein synthesis to occur, both transcription and translation must occur. Which of the following statements describes the difference between transcription and translation?
In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is first encoded. Translation is the process of converting the DNA code into code that RNA can use.
In transcription, an amino acid chain is encoded in a DNA molecule. Translation is the process of turning the amino acids into nucleic acids in an RNA molecule.
In transcription, a double helix DNA molecule is split into two separate single strands. Translation is the process of joining each single DNA strand with a single strand of matching RNA.
In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule. Translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the encoded messenger RNA.
A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed only of the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?
The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil.
UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.
Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.
Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.
Base your answer to the following question on the structures represented in the diagram below. What is the relationship between these three structures?
DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.
Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.
A diagram of a cellular process is shown below. Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?
Translation
Translocation
Replication
Transcription
If the DNA triplets (code) are ATG CGT, then the tRNA anticodons would be
UAC GCA
CAU ACG
ACG UAC
AUG CGU
Zach made the following table to show the functions of different types of RNA. Which information best completes the table?
codes for DNA sequences vital to the cell
builds amino acids from their chemical components
carries specific amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
returns genetic information from the cytoplasm back to the nucleus
Which of the following do DNA and RNA have in common?
Both are double-stranded.
Both contain ribose molecules.
Both contain thymine.
Both contain phosphate groups.
Which is the correct complementary strand of mRNA for the DNA code : ATTCCGATC
UTTGGACTT
UAAGGCUAG
TAAGGCTAG
TUUCCGTAG
The structures and organelles in cells have specific functions. Which cell structure is the site of translation?
nucleus
ribosome
chloroplast
mitochondrion
Name the process occurring in the diagram.
Transcription
Replication
Translation
Osmosis
A single somatic cell that divides and produces identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes results from which process?
fertilization
meiosis
mitosis
translation
During which part of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
anaphase
cytokinesis
interphase
prophase
One of the main functions of the cell cycle is to produce daughter cells. What characteristics do the daughter cells have after mitosis is complete?
The daughter cells have half the genetic information compared to the parent cell.
The daughter cells have double the genetic information compared to the parent cell.
The daughter cells have the identical copies of the genetic information compared to the parent cell.
The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes but the genetic information is different than the parent cell.
The diagram below shows cells in the tip of an onion root. Which stage of mitosis is labeled in Stage Y?
Metaphase
Interphase
Prophase
Anaphase
Why do cells divide instead of just growing larger and larger?
To make identical daughter cells to the parent.
Because the surface area is greater than the volume and the cell can't get enough food.
Because the volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area, and the cell becomes toxic
To increase genetic diversity within the species.
A multicellular organism begins life as a single cell—a fertilized egg with a complete set of chromosomes. The picture below shows how the cell divides to become two cells, then four cells, eight cells, and so on. Which of the following statements best describes what happens during this process?
Chromosomes are duplicated before cell division so that each new daughter cell has a complete set.
Chromosomes are divided evenly during cell division so that each new daughter cell has an equal share of the original set.
Chromosomes are stored in the original cell to direct the division of all daughter cells, which do not have their own chromosomes.
Chromosomes are randomly distributed during cell division so that some new cells have partial sets while others have complete sets.
Eukaryotic cells undergo cell reproduction through mitosis. Which of the following accurately describes the importance of mitosis for an organism's survival?
The identical daughter cells decrease genetic variation leading to a smaller population
Increased variation in daughter cells increases the probability of survival in a changing environment
Genetic information is conserved in the resulting identical daughter cells
When organisms replace damaged cells, new cells with different information are able to perform different functions
For some single-celled organisms reproduction only occurs asexually. What benefit does an organism gain by only using this method of reproduction?
It allows for varied genetic information
It is a quick way to produce two identical daughter cells.
The offspring created have double the genetic information as the parent cell.
It allows for daughter cells that are not genetically identical because of crossing over.
Look at the diagram below. Which phase of cell division is shown in D?
Anaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
Why can't we make a vaccine for cancer?
Because you can't vaccinate yourself from your own cells.
Because it kills it's victims too quickly for the vaccine to work.
Because it mutates too quickly.
Because the vaccine itself is lethal.
Skin cells form new cells to replace damaged cells. What is the most important outcome of this process?
The daughter cells will be identical to the parent cell.
The daughter cells will be larger than the parent cell.
The daughter cells will have half the information of the parent cell.
The daughter cells will have different genetic combinations from the parent cell.
Students are conducting a lab timing the cell cycle in normal chickens. The average time for normal cells to complete one cycle is 22 hours. What difference would be expected to see in cancer cells?
Cancerous cells will not complete all phases of the cell cycle
Cancerous chicken cells will spend more time in interphase
Cancerous cells will complete mitosis in a shorter amount of time,
Cancerous cells and normal cells will complete the cycle in the same total time.
Which of these steps occurs during mitosis and maintains the chromosome number of an organism?
Chromosomes become tightly coiled before cell division.
Duplicated chromosomes are split into two identical cells.
Genetic information is exchanged between chromosomes during cell division.
Chromosomes are independently assorted into four genetically different cells.
The diagram below shows a cell undergoing a specific process. Which statement best explains what is occurring in the cell?
The chromosomes are being replicated.
The spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes.
The spindle fibers are attaching to the chromosomes.
The chromosomes are condensing and becoming visible.
To study mitosis in class, Sam observes onion root tips. Why would he choose to observe root tips instead of other plant parts when studying mitosis?
Root tip cells are the only plant cells that undergo mitosis.
Root tip cells are the largest plant cell type, ao are easier to observe.
Onion root tip cells have unique structures that other plant cells do not have.
Root tips grow at high rates producing a high probability of seeing mitosis stages in the cells.
A diagram of meiosis I is shown below. At which stage of meiosis I does the exchange in genetic material between homologous chromosomes result in recombinant chromosomes?
prophase I
metaphase I
anaphase I
telophase I
What is formed at the end of meiosis?
two genetically identical cells
four genetically different cells
four genetically identical cells
two genetically different cells
The diagram shows two strawberry plants. Plant 2 is produced asexually from Plant 1. If the leaf cells of Plant 1 have 56 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in the leaf cells of Plant 2?
56
112
28
14
Billy and Johnny are brothers, but they do not look alike. Which one of the following pairs of factors contributed to this genetic variation?
asexual reproduction and binary fission
crossing over and independent assortment
cytokinesis and cloning
non-disjunction and mitosis
Sexual reproduction results in unique genetic combinations due to the crossing over of non-sister chromatids. During which stage of the cell cycle does this take place?
S phase
G phase
meiotic phase
mitotic phase
An organism has gamete cells that contain 8 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would that organism’s body cells have?
4
8
16
24
While studying meiosis and mitosis for her genetics test, Marisa made notes of the kinds of cells produced from these processes with examples from the body. Which pairing of the cell produced during meiosis and example is correct?
diploid cell : liver cell
diploid cell : sperm cell
haploid cell : egg cell
haploid cell : hair cell
Chromosome pairs that have corresponding traits and match up with each other are called:
Centromeres
Heterogeneous chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes
Sister chromatids
During gamete formation, crossing over occurs, which causes genetic information to be exchanged between homologous chromosomes. What is the result of this process of crossing over?
identical daughter cells
identical sister chromosomes
variation in homologous chromosomes
regularity in homologous chromosomes
What does independent assortment mean?
Homologous chromosomes have swapped parts of thier genes.
That any random egg or sperm may be fertilized.
That traits may be passed on to offspring independently from each other.
That mates are not chosen based off of genetic traits.
In meiosis, the haploid number of chromosomes in a human sex cell is:
46
22
23
92
Manuel is a member of the Science Team at his school. During a competition, he is required to match a process with a description of the process. Which of the following is the correct match of a process and a phrase that describes the process?
meiosis : produces diploid cells
crossing over : produces haploid cell
non-disjunction : homologous chromosomes separating during meiosis
independent assortment : random arrangement of pairs of chromosomes during meiosis
Sexual reproduction involves the union of cells from two parents. In terms of natural selection, what is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
It introduces genetic variation into a population.
It results in the production of more offspring than asexual reproduction.
It generally requires less energy.
It results in all offspring in a population being identical.
What are two sources of genetic variation that take place during meiosis?
homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids
homologous chromosomes & crossing over
independent assortment & crossing over
independent assortment & sister chromatids
The skin cell of a pregnant mouse has 40 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be in the cells of her unborn baby mice?
80
10
40
20
Reproduction is an important characteristic that all organisms share. Why is it beneficial for a given species to produce gametes and reproduce sexually instead of asexually?
Gametes produce genetically identical offspring to the parents.
Gametes contain only the genes that are useful to the offspring, producing superior offspring.
Gametes contain double the genetic information, allowing the offspring to be stronger than the parents.
Gametes have genetically different combinations of DNA, allowing variation in the organisms in a species
What is the diploid number of cells found in a human body cell?
92
23
22
46
Meiosis and mitosis are cell processes that involve cell division. Which other statement is true about both meiosis and mitosis?
Both duplicate DNA and divide cytoplasm to create daughter cells.
Both produce cells that contain half of the genetic information of the parent cell.
Both produce cells that are used by the organism for repairing tissue damage.
Both produce gametes for sexual reproduction.
Mitosis and meiosis differ in a variety of ways. Which of the following is NOT a way in which both processes differ?
the number of daughter cells produced
the stage of the cell cycle when DNA is duplicated
whether or not crossing over takes place
the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells
During mitosis and meiosis many of the cellular processes are similar. Which of the following statements is true about the daughter cells in meiosis?
After meiosis the daughter cells have twice the genetic information as daughter cells in mitosis.
After meiosis, the daughter cells have the same genetic information as the parent cell.
After meiosis the daughter cells contain half the genetic information of the parent cell.
After meiosis the daughter cells have genetic information equal to 2n.
Humans produce cells by both mitosis and meiosis. Which of the following is seen in mitosis and meiosis?
Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell.
The cells produced have the same genetic information as the parent cell.
DNA is duplicated and chromosomes exchange genetic information before separating into identical daughter cells.
DNA is duplicated and homologous chromosomes pair up.
An ability to produce fertile offspring is important for the survival of a species. What is one advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction produces more offspring.
Sexual reproduction is faster than asexual reproduction.
There is genetic variation in the offspring of sexual reproduction.
The offspring of sexual reproduction are identical to the parents
