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Year 10 Physics and Earth Sciences Exam Revision

Total questions: 218

Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which is true from Newton's Third law of motion?
a)
For every action force there is a smaller reaction force in the opposite direction.
b)
For every action force there is an equivalent reaction force in the opposite direction.
c)
 Both 1 and 2
d)
None of the above
2.
What is Newtons 2nd law?
a)
equal&opposite force
b)
law inertia
c)
f=ma
3.

When forces on an object are balanced, what is the net force?

a)

0

b)

5

c)

10

d)

21

4.

______________ measures an object's tendency to resist changing its motion.

a)

Acceleration

b)

Inertia

c)

Gravity

d)

Weight

5.

The formula ...

? = mass x acceleration


Is used to find which of the following:

a)

Force

b)

Velocity

c)

Momentum

d)

Gravity

6.

The formula ...

? = Distance / Time


is used to find which of the following?

a)

Velocity

b)

Force

c)

Momentum

d)

Speed

7.
It takes more force to accelerate the iron man on the left than the iron man on the right because the iron man on the left has more mass. This best describes
a)
Newton's first law, the law of inertia
b)
Newton's second law, the law of acceleration
c)
Newton's third law, the law of action reaction 
d)
The law of universal gravitation
8.
What is the net force?
a)
400 N Up
b)
400 N Down
c)
- 400 N Down
d)
800 N Down
9.
What is the net force
a)
10 N
b)
0 N
c)
25 N
d)
1 N
10.
A _____ is a pull or a push.
a)
force
b)
friction
c)
gravity
d)
speed
11.
When you type on the keys of your Chromebook you are using a
a)
pull
b)
push
c)
gravity
d)
friction
12.

What is your favorite Thanksgiving food?

a)

Turkey

b)

Green been casserole

c)

Mashed potatoes

d)

Stuffing

e)

Other

13.
A car traveled 120 km in 2 hours. Using this data, you can calculate its _____.
a)
speed.
b)
velocity.
c)
position.
d)
mass.
14.

_____________ is a change in speed, a change in direction, or both.

a)

Acceleration

b)

Velocity

c)

Time

15.

What did you enjoy most over Thanksgiving break?

a)

Thanksgiving meals

b)

Family/friends time

c)

Shopping

d)

No school

e)

Other

16.

An object is in motion relative to the _________________________.

a)

Mass

b)

Reference Point

c)

Gravity

d)

Forces and Motion

17.

What country was Isaac Newton born in?

a)

Canada

b)

England

c)

France

d)

Italy

18.

Isaac Newton created the three laws of ______________.

a)

motion

b)

movement

c)

gravity

d)

texting

19.

What did Isaac Newton's mother want him to be?

a)

Doctor

b)

Pilot

c)

Farmer

d)

Miner

20.

According to Newton, what kinds of objects are affected by gravity?

a)

Only objects inside the earth's atmosphere, like apples.

b)

Only objects that orbit the sun, like planets.

c)

Only objects with a lot of mass, like human beings.

d)

All objects in the universe.

21.
The term for when an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction
a)
Speed
b)
Velocity
c)
Acceleration
d)
Newtons
22.
How much force is required to accelerate 10 kg at a rate of 100 m/s2?
a)
1,000kg
b)
10N
c)
10kg
d)
1,000N
23.
What is the acceleration of a 50 kg object pushed with a force of 2,500 newtons?
a)
75,000N
b)
50N
c)
2500N
d)
50m/s2
24.
18 km/s in a northerly direction is an example of
a)
velocity
b)
Speed
c)
acceleration
d)
momentum
25.
The net force of the following diagram is
a)
20 N
b)
Moving to the left
c)
Balanced forces
d)
160 N
26.
Which graph best represents a graph of a car travelling down a freeway at a CONSTANT speed?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
27.
If forces acting on an object are balanced, then there _________ be a change in motion
a)
will
b)
will not
28.
If a 100 N force acts on a 50 kg car, what will the acceleration be? ( F= m x a)
a)
500m/s2
b)
2m/s2
c)
50m/s2
d)
150 m/s2
29.
The snail is traveling at 5 cm/hr. This is an example of
a)
speed
b)
forces
c)
acceleration
d)
velocity
30.
The runner's motion as they turned the curve to pass the baton is best described as
a)
speed
b)
force
c)
acceleration
d)
velocity
31.
The net force of the following diagram is
a)
620N→
b)
To the right→
c)
20N←
d)
balanced↔
32.
What is the speed of the object represented by the graph?
a)
0.5 m/s
b)
2 m/s
c)
5 m/s
d)
4 m/s
33.
a change in position is defined as
a)
force
b)
motion
c)
speed
d)
acceleration
34.
How are speed and velocity different?
a)
Speed includes direction
b)
Speed indicates momentum
c)
Velocity includes Momentum
d)
Velocity includes direction
35.
A student slides a book across a desk by giving it an initial push. Which of the following is the MOST important reason that the book eventually comes to a stop instead of continuing to slide?
a)
The initial force was too weak to keep the book in motion.
b)
The mass of the book was not enough to keep the book in motion.
c)
The force that occurs when the book rubs against the desk stops the book.
d)
The magnetic force from the Earth stops the book.
36.
When an object is acted on by unbalanced forces, the object will 
a)
continue in the same direction
b)
continue at the same speed
c)
accelerate in the direction of the unbalanced force
d)
will have no change in motion
37.
A satellite orbits the Earth at a constant speed. The forces that maintain the constant speed must be -
a)
BALANCED
b)
UNBALANCED
c)
CANCELLED
d)
DISPLACED
38.
The ability to do work can also be defined as-
a)
FORCE
b)
ENERGY 
c)
MATTER
d)
PRESSURE
39.
Roller coasters use potential and kinetic energy to move carts around the track. Which selection below organizes the points of potential energy from GREATEST to LEAST?
a)
6,4,1
b)
1,4,6
c)
2,3,5
d)
5,3,2
40.
Potential energy refers to objects that have ________________________ .
a)
changing chemically
b)
stored energy
c)
in motion
d)
changing electrically
41.

What is energy?

a)

The capacity of doing work.

b)

The electricity supplied by Eskom.

c)

The calories in the food that we eat.

d)

The ability to jump up and down.

42.

What is the S.I unit of measurement of energy?

a)

kiloJoules

b)

Newtons

c)

Joules

d)

Pascals

43.

What is the unit for mass?

a)

kilogram (kg)

b)

meter (m)

c)

Newton (N)

d)

Joule (J)

44.

Kinetic energy is said to be the energy of ...

4 lines
45.

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

a)

distance / time

b)

mass x acceleration

c)

velocity / time

d)

½(mass) x (velocity)2

e)

(mass) x (acceleration of gravity) x (height)

46.

What is the unit for distance?

a)

kilogram (kg)

b)

meter (m)

c)

Newton (N)

d)

Joule (J)

47.

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

a)

distance / time

b)

mass x acceleration

c)

velocity / time

d)

½(mass) x (velocity)2

e)

(mass) x (acceleration of gravity) x (height)

48.

How much gravitational potential energy does a 100kg (220lb.) skydiver have if they jump from 4000 meters?

a)

3920000 J

b)

294 J

c)

180000 J

d)

1225 J

49.

A 6kg cat misjudges a jump and falls 5 meters. How much gravitational potential energy does the cat have? (The cat is fine by the way.)

a)

294 J

b)

180000 J

c)

1225 J

d)

3920000 J

50.

What is the kinetic energy of a 1,600kg Mustang travelling at 15 m/s (33mph)

a)

180000 J

b)

294 J

c)

1225 J

d)

3920000 J

51.

A 50kg (100lb) person is running at 7m/s (about 16 mph). How much kinetic energy do they have?

a)

1225 J

b)

180000 J

c)

294 J

d)

3920000 J

52.

A 2kg television falls from 1 meter. How much energy does it have?

a)

19.6 J

b)

196 J

c)

2 J

d)

9.8J

53.

When a student runs and kicks a ball, they have applied an ___________ force to move the ball.

a)

Balanced

b)

Magnetic

c)

Spring

d)

Unbalanced

54.

Which law of motion says that you must push or pull objects harder if they have more mass?

a)

1st

b)

2nd

c)

3rd

d)

4th

55.

What law is best described by inertia?

a)

1st

b)

2nd

c)

3rd

d)

law of conservation of mass

56.

A person not paying attention while skateboarding hits a rock. The skateboard stops...they don't.

a)

The Law of Inertia (1st law)

b)

The Law of Acceleration (2nd law)

c)

The Law of Conservation of Momentum

d)

Action Reaction Law (3rd law)

57.

What Unit do we Measure Force in?

a)

Newtons

b)

Joules

c)

Force

d)

Kilograms

58.

What is Newton's First Law

a)

F=ma

b)

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

c)

An object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion.

d)

Friction

59.

A 20 kg bike accelerates at 10 m/s2. what was the force

F = m x a

a)

25 Newtons

b)

20 Newtons

c)

200 Newtons

d)

10 Newtons

60.

Newton's third law states that any action will have a(n) _______ and ______ reaction

a)

Equal and similar

b)

Equal and opposite

c)

Equal and different

d)

Greater and opposite

61.

8 N to the left , and 4 N to the right. Find the net force. Is this balanced

a)

12 N Right No

b)

4 N Left No

c)

12 N Right Yes

d)

4 N Left Yes

62.

Which of Newton's laws is shown

a)

1st law

b)

3rd law

c)

2nd law

63.

If there is a big mass, it would need a stronger force to accelerate it. Which law does this describe?

a)

3rd law

b)

1st law

c)

2nd law

64.

What force slows objects down and keeps them from moving?

a)

Acceleration

b)

Gravity

c)

Friction

d)

Net Force

65.
A magician pulls a tablecloth out from under dishes and glasses on a table without disturbing them.
a)
Newton's 1st Law
b)
Newton's 2nd Law
c)
Newton's 3rd Law
66.
What is Newtons 2nd law of motion?
a)
Pancakes 
b)
Force= Mass multiplied by acceleration
c)
For every action there is a equal and opposite  re-action.
d)
Law of gravity 
67.
A net force of 15 N is exerted on an encyclopedia to cause it to accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s2. Determine the mass of the encyclopedia?
a)
 m = 3.0 kg
b)
m = 4.0 kg 
c)
m = 3.0 ml 
d)
m = 30.0 g
68.
Determine the accelerations that result when a 12-N net force is applied to a 3-kg object. 
a)
3 m/s
b)
4 ft/s 
c)
13 m/s
d)
4 m/s 
69.
If a 10 kilogram object accelerates suddenly at 15 m/s^2, how much force was applied to the object?
a)
150 Newtons
b)
15 Newtons
c)
150 kilograms
d)
100 kilograms
70.
The combination of all the forces acting on an object is the...
a)
net force
b)
action force
c)
reaction force
d)
balance force
71.

Is this Balanced or Unbalanced force.

a)

Unbalanced force

b)

Balanced force

72.

What force is acting on the cat at the end?

a)

Gravity

b)

Friction

c)

Momentum

73.

What causes the car to roll of the flatbed?

a)

inter-ta and mass

b)

hydraulics

c)

momentum

d)

My mans driving

74.
Newton's third law states that any action will have a(n) _______ and ______ reaction
a)
Equal and similar
b)
Equal and opposite
c)
Equal and different
d)
Greater and opposite
75.
If these boys are pulling with the same amount of force.  What will happen?
a)
The boy in blue will win.
b)
They will not move at all.
c)
The boy in red will win.
d)
Both will fall down.
76.

Earth exerts a stronger gravitational force than the moon because Earth has more________.

a)

stuff

b)

mass

c)

density

d)

gravity

77.

What are the appropriate units to describe acceleration?

a)

m/p

b)

m/h

c)

m/s

d)

m/s square

78.

The tendency of objects to resist a change in motion is called:

a)

Friction

b)

Inertia

c)

Gravity

d)

Velocity

79.

Which one of Newton's laws is shown

a)

3rd law

b)

2nd law

c)

1st law

80.

What does this picture represent

a)

Force,magnetism,acceleration

b)

Force, money, Apples

c)

Force, Mass, Acceleration

d)

Funny, monkeys, Arrive

81.

Which one of Newton's laws are displayed

a)

2nd law

b)

1st law

c)

3rd law

82.

Which of Newton's laws is shown

a)

1st law

b)

3rd law

c)

2nd law

83.

This is Newton's 3rd law

a)

True

b)

False

84.

This is Newton's 2nd law

a)

True

b)

False

85.

An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Which law does this describe

a)

2nd law

b)

1st law

c)

3rd law

86.

If there is a big mass, it would need a stronger force to accelerate it. Which law does this describe?

a)

3rd law

b)

1st law

c)

2nd law

87.

What force slows objects down and keeps them from moving?

a)

Acceleration

b)

Gravity

c)

Friction

d)

Net Force

88.

When there is a change in motion?

a)

When forces are balanced

b)

When the forces are unbalanced

c)

Whe forces are equal

d)

Never

89.

This sphere includes the continents, the ocean floor, all the rocks on the surface, and all of the sand in the deserts.

a)

Hydrosphere

b)

Biosphere

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Geosphere

e)

Cryosphere

90.

Composed of all the water on or near the earth

a)

Hydrosphere

b)

Biosphere

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Geosphere

e)

Cryosphere

91.

This sphere is composed of all the living things

a)

Hydrosphere

b)

Biosphere

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Geosphere

e)

Cryosphere

92.

Body of air surrounding our planet.

a)

Hydrosphere

b)

Biosphere

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Geosphere

e)

Cryosphere

93.

This sphere contains all of the solid water on Earth

a)

Hydrosphere

b)

Biosphere

c)

Atmosphere

d)

Geosphere

e)

Cryosphere

94.

Bio =

a)

Earth

b)

Freezing

c)

Life

d)

Water

e)

Air

95.

Hydro =

a)

Earth

b)

Freezing

c)

Life

d)

Water

e)

Air

96.

Geo =

a)

Earth

b)

Freezing

c)

Life

d)

Water

e)

Air

97.

Cryo =

a)

Earth

b)

Freezing

c)

Life

d)

Water

e)

Air

98.

Atmo =

a)

Earth

b)

Freezing

c)

Life

d)

Water

e)

Air

99.

Which sphere of the Earth includes all the water on the planet?

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Biosphere

d)

Geosphere

100.

Which sphere of the Earth includes all living organisms?

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Biosphere

d)

Geosphere

101.

Which sphere of the Earth includes the air and gases that surround the planet?

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Biosphere

d)

Geosphere

102.

Which sphere of the Earth includes the Earth's crust, mantle, and core?

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Biosphere

d)

Geosphere

103.

Which sphere of the Earth includes all the water vapor, clouds, and weather?

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Biosphere

d)

Geosphere

104.

Which sphere of the Earth includes all the land and landforms?

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Hydrosphere

c)

Biosphere

d)

Geosphere

105.

What is the geosphere?

a)

all the air and gases on the planet

b)

all the frozen water on the Earth

c)

the non-living soil, rocks, and minerals of the Earth

d)

the rivers, lakes, and oceans of the Earth

106.

What is the biosphere?

a)

all the air and gases on the planet

b)

made up of living things

c)

the non-living soil, rocks, and minerals of the Earth

d)

the rivers, lakes, and oceans of the Earth

107.

What is the hydrosphere?

a)

all the air and gases on the planet

b)

made up of living things

c)

the non-living soil, rocks, and minerals of the Earth

d)

the rivers, lakes, and oceans of the Earth

108.

What is the atmosphere?

a)

all the air and gases on the planet

b)

made up of living things

c)

the non-living soil, rocks, and minerals of the Earth

d)

the rivers, lakes, and oceans of the Earth

109.
When living things breathe, they interact with which of Earth's spheres? 
a)
Geosphere 
b)
Hydrosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Biosphere 
110.
Water evaporating from the surface of a lake moves from the...
a)
Atmosphere to the geosphere 
b)
Geosphere to the hydrosphere 
c)
Hydrosphere to the atmosphere 
d)
Atmosphere to the hydrosphere 
111.

What spheres are interacting when a volcano erupts and releases hot gases into the air?

a)

biosphere & atmosphere

b)

hydrosphere & biosphere

c)

geosphere & atmosphere

d)

geosphere & biosphere

112.

What two spheres are interacting with decomposing organisms release nutrients into the soil?

a)

atmosphere & biosphere

b)

biosphere & geosphere

c)

geosphere & hydrosphere

d)

cryosphere & geosphere

113.

Select all that apply. Water flowing over land and changing the shape is evidence of the interaction between

a)

The atmosphere

b)

The hydrosphere

c)

The geosphere

d)

The biosphere

114.

Which 2 spheres interact when a tree is blown down by wind?

a)

atmosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

geosphere

e)

hydrosphere

115.

Which 2 spheres interact when a person gets caught in the rain?

a)

atmosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

geosphere

e)

hydrosphere

116.

Which 2 spheres interact when hail damages a crop?

a)

atmosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

geosphere

e)

hydrosphere

117.

Which 2 spheres interact when air next to the ground becomes warm?

a)

atmosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

geosphere

e)

hydrosphere

118.

Which 2 spheres interact when an earthquake causes a person to be trapped under a boulder?

a)

atmosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

geosphere

e)

hydrosphere

119.

Which 2 spheres interact when a volcano erupts, causing dust and ash particles to be ejected into the air, blocking the sun?

a)

atmosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

geosphere

e)

hydrosphere

120.

Which 2 spheres interact when lightning strikes a park ranger?

a)

atmosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

geosphere

e)

hydrosphere

121.

Which 2 spheres interact when a flash flood forms?

a)

atmosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

geosphere

e)

hydrosphere

122.

Which 2 spheres interact when cumulonimbus clouds form?

a)

atmosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

geosphere

e)

hydrosphere

123.

Which 2 spheres interact when a tornado destroys a zoo?

a)

atmosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

cryosphere

d)

geosphere

e)

hydrosphere

124.
What is the water cycle?
a)
the 3 forms of water
b)
the movement of water on, above, or below the surface of the Earth
c)
when water melts
d)
when clouds form
125.
What part of the water cycle does this picture show?
a)
condensation
b)
precipitation
c)
evaporation
126.
Which best explains why runoff is important?
a)
It returns water to other locations on Earth
b)
It increases the chance of flooding
c)
It makes evaporation occur faster
d)
It increases condensation
127.
What is it called when water is formed from a liquid to a water vapor?
a)
EVAPORATION
b)
PRECIPITATION
c)
TRANSPIRATION
128.
What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
sublimation
d)
transpiration
129.
When water _________, dew forms.
a)
Melts
b)
Evaporates
c)
Condenses
d)
Precipitates
130.
When the water vapor in the air changes back to liquid, what does it form?
a)
rain,hail,sleet, or snow
b)
water
c)
condensation 
d)
snow and water
131.
The water cycle has no start or end
a)
true
b)
false
132.

What is another name or synonym for the water cycle?

a)

Geologic cycle

b)

Hydrologic cycle

c)

Geosphere

d)

Carbon cycle

133.

The major source of energy and the driving energy source of the water cycle. __________________

a)

moon

b)

ocaen

c)

Sun

d)

atmosphere

134.

The draining away of water from the surface of an area of land.

a)

weathering

b)

transpiration

c)

run-off

d)

precipitation

135.

As a part of the water cycle, water from Earth's surface enters the clouds and finally falls back to the ground in the form of rain. What is the correct sequence of processes water undergoes?

a)

Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation

b)

Precipitation, Condensation, Evaporation

c)

Condensation, Evaporation, Precipitation

d)

Evaporation, Precipitation, Condensation

136.

The image shows various stages in the water cycle. During which stage does water flow back towards the sea as runoff?

a)

W

b)

X

c)

Y

d)

Z

137.

What is it called when WATER is FORMED from an LIQUID to a WATER VAPOR or an [GAS]?

a)

EVAPORATION

b)

PRECIPITATION

c)

TRANSPIRATION

138.
What is occurring at A in the diagram?
a)
runoff
b)
precipitation
c)
evaporation
d)
condensation
139.
What process is happening at C in the diagram?
a)
runoff
b)
precipitation
c)
condensation
d)
transpiration
140.
Water that is located in the ground in the pores within rock is called…
a)
watershed
b)
surface water
c)
groundwater
d)
water cycle
141.
The flow of excess water on Earth’s surface due to too much meltwater or stormwater. 
a)
Surface runoff
b)
Infiltration
c)
Water Cycle
d)
Glacier
142.
The process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.
a)
Infiltration
b)
Groundwater
c)
Transpiration
d)
Evaporation
143.
A body of rock underneath the surface of Earth that contains water. (underground lake)
a)
Aquifer
b)
Glacier
c)
Atmosphere
d)
Cloud
144.
What does NOT produce carbon dioxide?
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Burning Fossil Fuels
c)
Animal respiration
d)
Plants decaying
145.
TRUE or FALSE?
All of the carbon in existence is continually recycled in the carbon cycle.
a)
True
b)
False
146.
Organisms that do not decompose can be buried and become what?
a)
water
b)
nutrients
c)
air
d)
fossil fuels
147.
Carbon can be found in...
a)
The atmosphere
b)
Soil
c)
Fossil fuels
d)
All of the above
148.
Which of the following removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
Combustion
b)
Respiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Death
149.
Combustion is another word for __________.
a)
Transportation
b)
Respiration
c)
Fossil Fuels
d)
Burning
150.
What process occurs when coal (fossil fuel) is used for energy?
a)
Decomposition
b)
Combustion
c)
Pressurization 
d)
Respiration 
151.
Respiration is the process by which animals take in _____ and release _____. 
a)
photosynthesis, air
b)
carbon, oxygen
c)
oxygen
d)
oxygen, carbon dioxide
152.
The diagram shows the flow of organic molecules through an ecosystem. What two processes are identified by the labels X and Y?
a)
X : Respiration
Y : Predation
b)
X : Adaptation
Y : Decomposition
c)
X : Fermentation
Y : Nitrogen Fixation
d)
X : Decomposition
Y : Respiration
153.
Organisms that do not decompose can be buried and become what?
a)
water
b)
nutrients
c)
air
d)
fossil fuels
154.
Which of the following is an example of a decomposer?
a)
Owl
b)
Fish
c)
Tree
d)
Mushroom
155.

C6H12O6 is also known as glucose (sugar). Where is it found?

a)

Plants

b)

Animals

c)

Both plants and animals

d)

Neither plants or animals

156.

The circulation of the element Carbon among Earth's atmosphere, land, oceans, and organisms is called _____________.

a)

the Carbon Cycle

b)

the Oxygen Cycle

c)

the Carbon dioxide Cycle

d)

the Water Cycle

157.

When animals eat plants, the carbon that the plant contains is absorbed by the animals.

a)

True

b)

False

158.

How do animals get carbon?

a)

By eating plants and or other animals.

b)

They absorb it from the atmosphere.

c)

From the ground

d)

They do not get carbon from anywhere.

159.

What are fossil fuels made from?

a)

Plants and animals that are buried underground for millions of years.

b)

They absorb it from the atmosphere.

c)

Water

d)

Wind

160.

When humans EXHALE, we release __________________.

a)

Oxygen

b)

Carbon Dioxide

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Water

161.

What is CO2?

a)

Carbon Monoxide

b)

Carbon Trioxide

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

Oxygen

162.

Which of the following are fossil fuels?

a)

Coal, water, oil

b)

Oxygen, coal, oil

c)

Coal, Oil, Natural Gas

d)

None of the above

163.

How is the carbon cycle similar to the water cycle?

a)

Both involve liquid substances falling to the Earth from the atmosphere?

b)

Neither process works at low temperature.

c)

Both involve the transfer of substances between animals, plants, and the Earth.

d)

Both involve the transfer of substances between the earth and outer space.

164.

Which nitrogen cycle process is occurring when plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids, and proteins?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

165.

Which nitrogen cycle process is occurring when bacteria convert ammonium to nitrite and then into nitrate?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

166.

Which of these correctly shows the reservoirs where most of Earth's carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms are residing at any given time?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
167.

Which nitrogen cycle process is occurring when nitrogen in plant or animal protein is converted to ammonium?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

168.

What is the name of NH3?

a)

ammonia

b)

ammonium

c)

nitrate

d)

nitrite

e)

nitrous oxide

169.

Which of these nitrogen molecules would be present in the atmosphere?

a)

NH3

b)

NH4+

c)

NO3-

d)

N2

170.

Which of these nitrogen cycle processes converts atmospheric nitrogen to a soil form of nitrogen that is usable by plants?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

171.

Which of these nitrogen cycle processes takes nitrogen from its largest reservoir?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

172.

When deciduous trees shed their leaves, specialized soil bacterial will consume the leaf material for energy and, in the process, will return some of the leaf nitrogen to the soil. What nitrogen cycle process is taking place?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

173.

According to this diagram, plants use nitrogen to make _________________________

a)

carbohydrates

b)

cellulose

c)

proteins

d)

unsaturated fats

174.

Which nitrogen cycle process is occurring when plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids, and proteins?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

175.

Which nitrogen cycle process is occurring when bacteria convert ammonium to nitrite and then into nitrate?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

176.

Which of these correctly shows the reservoirs where most of Earth's carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms are residing at any given time?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
177.

Which nitrogen cycle process is occurring when nitrogen in plant or animal protein is converted to ammonium?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

178.

What is the name of NH3?

a)

ammonia

b)

ammonium

c)

nitrate

d)

nitrite

e)

nitrous oxide

179.

Which of these nitrogen molecules would be present in the atmosphere?

a)

NH3

b)

NH4+

c)

NO3-

d)

N2

180.

Which of these nitrogen cycle processes converts atmospheric nitrogen to a soil form of nitrogen that is usable by plants?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

181.

Which of these nitrogen cycle processes takes nitrogen from its largest reservoir?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

182.

When deciduous trees shed their leaves, specialized soil bacterial will consume the leaf material for energy and, in the process, will return some of the leaf nitrogen to the soil. What nitrogen cycle process is taking place?

a)

nitrogen fixation

b)

nitrification

c)

denitrification

d)

ammonification

e)

assimilation

183.

According to this diagram, plants use nitrogen to make _________________________

a)

carbohydrates

b)

cellulose

c)

proteins

d)

unsaturated fats

184.

A theory that says the universe began as a small point that expanded rapidly about 13.7 billion years ago.

a)

Big Bang Theory

b)

Singularity Theory

c)

Galaxy Theory

185.

A large grouping of stars, planets, gas, and dust in space held together by gravity.

a)

Universe

b)

Galaxy

c)

Space

186.

The change in wavelength that allows us to determine if an object if moving toward us or away from us

a)

Whiteshift and Blueshift

b)

Redshift and Greenshift

c)

Redshift and Blueshift

187.

Which description is considered most accurate regarding what actually happened during the Big Bang?

a)

Two galaxies collided causing an immense explosion as stars crashed into one another

b)

All of what would become the universe was concentrated in a single small point, or singularity, which rapidly expanded into what is now stars, planets, galaxies, matter, and energy.

c)

All matter emerged from a massive black hole at the center of the universe.

d)

Parts of the sun were ripped off by massive internal explosions and were thrown into space where they cooled to become other things, like plants, comets, and other galaxies.

188.

Observations of space indicate that most matter in the universe is ___.

a)

hydrogen and helium

b)

gold and plutonium

c)

oxygen and water vapor

d)

carbon

189.
Which of the following is evidence of the Big Bang Theory?
a)
Cavemen heard a loud bang at the beginning of time.
b)
The universe isn't moving
c)
The universe is expanding
d)
The universe is getting smaller
190.
Which of the following is NOT true about the Big Bang Theory?
a)
It is the scientific explanation of how life began on Earth and evolved over time.
b)
It is the scientific explanation for the origin of the universe.
c)
It states that the universe expanded from a single point and is still expanding today.
d)
It states that the universe used to be much hotter and smaller.
191.
What can we conclude from the observation that nearly all galaxies are moving away from us?
a)
Massive black holes are drawing galaxies away from Earth.
b)
The Sun and Earth are located at the center of the universe.
c)
Everything in the universe is moving the same direction.
d)
The once-smaller universe is expanding in all directions.
192.

Galaxies that are REDSHIFTED are:

a)

actually BLUE

b)

really NEAR earth

c)

invisible or not visible

d)

moving AWAY from us.

193.

If something that makes light is moving AWAY from you, it spreads the wavelengths of light out. This application of the Doppler effect is known as ___.

a)

blue shift

b)

green shift

c)

red shift

d)

black shift

194.

Most distant galaxies show a RED SHIFT. This is considered EVIDENCE that the universe is ___.

a)

getting cooler

b)

expanding

c)

condensing into a small point

d)

swirling around

195.

A galaxy showing BLUE SHIFT is ___.

a)

very cold

b)

moving TOWARDS OR TO us

c)

dying

d)

about to supernova

196.

The CMB (Cosmic Background Radiation) is:

a)

the remaining energy from the big bang.

b)

incredibly cool.

c)

a cloud of light

d)

only located in certain places in the universe.

197.

What are two important pieces of evidence we have for the Big Bang?

a)

Ptolemy’s work on epicycles and Hubble’s law (the expansion of the Universe)

b)

Doppler Effect (the redshifting of the Universe) and cosmic background radiation

c)

The fact that we have multiple Universes to compare and study and cosmic background radiation (CBR)

d)

The abundance of hydrogen, helium, and lithium found in the Universe and Ptolemy’s work on epicycles

198.
Which of the following is the best description of the Big Bang Theory?
a)
The Big Bang Theory is the prevailing model about the universe’s origin and is supported by observations of the universe’s expansion.
b)
The Big Bang Theory is just one of the ideas about the universe’s origin, many of which are equally respected by the scientific community.
c)
The Big Bang Theory states that pre-existing matter was compacted into a hot and dense form and suddenly exploded into infinite, empty space.
d)
The Big Bang Theory is the scientific explanation of how the Sun, Earth, and the rest of the Solar System were formed at the beginning of time.
199.
The universe is expanding.  This means that:
a)
Galaxies are getting bigger.
b)
Atoms are getting bigger.
c)
The universe is creating more matter.
d)
The amount of space between galaxies is increasing.
200.
This image describes:
a)
The redshift.
b)
The CMB.
c)
The abundance of each element in the universe.
d)
The amount of time the universe has existed.
201.

What is the final stage of the highest mass stars?

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Black Hole

c)

Red Giant

d)

Neutron Star

202.

Which stage of life is the sun currently in?

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Planetary Nebula

c)

Main Sequence

d)

Red Giant

203.

What is the name of the cosmic cloud of dust and gas that is the first stage in the birth of a star?

a)

Protostar

b)

Spiral Galaxy

c)

Quasar

d)

Stellar Nebula

204.

A stellar nebula will eventually condense into a hot ball of mostly hydrogen called a __________. At this point, nuclear fusion has not yet started but it will soon.

a)

Protostar

b)

White Dwarf

c)

Brown Dwarf

d)

Main Sequence

205.

In a large (high mass) star, at the end of the red supergiant phase, the gravity causes the star to rapidly collapse. This collapse causes a massive explosion called a __________

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Planetary Nebula

c)

Supernova

d)

Neutron Star

206.

In a very high mass star, a supernova triggers the formation of a __________ which has a gravitational pull so strong that even light cannot escape.

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Neutron Star

c)

Stellar Nebula

d)

Black Hole

207.

Which elements are found in a main sequence star?

a)

Hydrogen (H)

b)

Helium (He)

c)

Carbon (C)

d)

Oxygen (O)

208.
What is an exploding star?
a)
black hole
b)
Milky Way
c)
supernova
d)
solar system
209.
What is a large celestial body that is composed of gas and emits light?
a)
Nebula
b)
Star
c)
Galaxy
d)
Planet
210.

A star is born when ____ begins...

a)
nuclear fusion
b)
nuclear abrasion
c)
chemical reaction
d)
nuclear fission
211.
The fate of our Sun will be to...
a)
stay the same forever.
b)
expand and engulf inner planets.
c)
supernova in our lifetime.
d)
destroy the entire solar system.
212.
Stars can take different paths due to having different _____________
a)
temperature
b)
mass
c)
brightness
d)
color
213.

After the main sequence, a small (low mass) star becomes a

a)
black dwarf
b)
protostar
c)
red giant
d)
supergiant
214.

After the main sequence, a large (high mass) star becomes a

a)
black dwarf
b)
protostar
c)
red giant
d)

red supergiant

215.
The final stage of a low mass star is a 
a)
neutron star
b)
nebula
c)
black hole
d)
black dwarf
216.
Which of the following is NOT a final stage of a star. 
a)
black hole
b)
black dwarf
c)
neutron star
d)
red giant
217.
______ is a force that causes dust particles to stick together in a nebula.
a)
nuclear fusion
b)
gravity
c)
hydrogen
d)
iron
218.
A star forming nebula is...
a)
birthplace of stars
b)
made up of gas and dust
c)
contracts due to gravity to begin forming a star
d)
All are correct

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