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Gestalt Theory

Total questions: 111

Worksheet time: 3575secs

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who was the originator of Gestalt Theory?

a)

Carl Rogers

b)

Fritz Perls

c)

Fritz Rogers

d)

Erving Polster

2.

The tenet that we are constantly moving between who we "should be" and who we "are" is called the paradoxical theory of (a)   .

3.

Check all that apply: Gestalt Therapy aims at...

a)

Cognitive function

b)

Personality

c)

Contact with environment

d)

Awareness

4.

In regards to field theory, the _________ is the aspects of the individual's experience that are most salient at any moment.

a)

Figure

b)

Ground

c)

Field

d)

Form

5.

In regards to field theory, the _________ is the aspects of the individual's experience that are often out of his or her awareness.

a)

Figure

b)

Ground

c)

Field

d)

Form

6.

True or False: One of the main principles of Gestalt Theory is holism (the whole is different than the sum of its parts)

a)

True

b)

False

7.

An __________ is a stuck point that occurs when external support is not available.

a)

inquiry

b)

infraction

c)

unfinished business

d)

impasse

8.

Who is the expert in the therapeutic relationship?

a)

Client

b)

Counselor

c)

Fritz Perls

d)

Supervisor

9.

True or False: The goal of a Gestalt therapist is to change the client.

a)

True

b)

False

10.

___________ are ready-made techniques that are sometimes used to make something happen in a therapy session or to achieve a goal.

a)

Experiments

b)

Techniques

c)

Exercises

d)

Research assignments

11.

_________ grow out of the interaction between client and therapist. They are considered the cornerstone of experiential learning.

a)

Exercises

b)

Techniques

c)

Experiments

d)

Research assignments

12.

Contemporary Gestalt therapy is __________ confrontational than traditional Gestalt therapy

a)

More

b)

Less

c)

the same as

13.

Check all that apply: Contemporary Gestalt therapy...

a)

challenges clients to identify how they are blocking their strengths

b)

includes more support and increased kindness

c)

is dialogue-centered

d)

allows counselors to be creative

14.

Check all that apply: During an Internal Dialogue Exercise, the main division is between the ________ and __________.

a)

top dog

b)

big dog

c)

little dog

d)

under dog

15.

Regarding the Internal Dialogue Exercise,

a)

the top dog is righteous, demanding, and focuses on the "shoulds" and "oughts". The underdog plays the role of victim by being defensive, apologetic and finding excuses.

b)

the underdog is righteous, demanding, and focuses on the "shoulds" and "oughts". The top dog plays the role of victim by being defensive, apologetic and finding excuses.

16.

Check all that apply: The Empty Chair technique...

a)

is useful in bringing fantasies of what the "other" might be thinking into consciousness

b)

allows the client to experience the conflict more fully

c)

helps clients get in touch with a feeling or side of themself they might be denying

d)

None of the above

17.

Making the Rounds is a technique best used in which type of therapy?

a)

Individual therapy

b)

Group therapy

c)

Couples counseling

d)

All of the above

18.

Which of the following describes The Exaggeration Exercise?

a)

the client is asked to exaggerate and act as the most dramatic person they know

b)

the client is asked to exaggerate their subtle body language movement to intensify the feeling attached to the movement

c)

the client is asked to exaggerate their most recent confrontation

d)

the client is asked to define the word exaggeration

19.

Check all that apply: Gestalt therapists...

a)

are the expert

b)

are honest and genuine

c)

give feedback that allows clients to be aware of their reality

d)

cannot use other theories in their practice

20.

True or False: The most important component of the therapeutic relationship in contemporary Gestalt Therapy is dialogue.

a)

True

b)

False

21.

Which gestalt principle pertains the the following image?

a)

Proximity

b)

Similarity

c)

Closure

d)

Figure Ground Perception

22.

Which Gestalt Principle?

a)

Closure

b)

Figure Ground Perception

c)

Continuity

d)

Stroboscopic Motion

23.

Which Gestalt Principle?

a)

Figure Ground Perception

b)

Similarity

c)

Closure

d)

Proximity

24.

Which Gestalt Principle?

a)

Figure Ground Perception

b)

Closure

c)

Similarity

d)

Proximity

25.

Which Gestalt Principle?

a)

Figure Ground Perception

b)

Closure

c)

Proximity

d)

Continuity

26.

Which image pertains to closure?

a)
b)
c)
d)
27.

Which image pertains to figure ground perception?

a)
b)
c)
d)
28.

Which of the following pertains to proximity?

a)
b)
c)
d)
29.

Which Gestalt Principle is shown here?

a)

Symmetry & Order

b)

Proximity

c)

Closure

d)

Figure-Ground

30.

Gestalt Theory says that

a)

we tend to see the parts of everything to see its attributes.

b)

the whole of anything is greater than its parts.

31.

55 % of all Psychologists are what type?

a)

Clinical

b)

Forensic

c)

Engineering

d)

Educational

32.

Which type of Psychologist would work in Advertising?

a)

Clinical

b)

School

c)

Consumer

d)

Community

33.

To look inward at you own thoughts and feelings is the theory of?

a)

Psychoanalysis

b)

Behaviorism

c)

Introspection

d)

Structuralism

34.

According to which theory, a person't behavior is determined by their unconscious thoughts?

a)

Psychoanalytical

b)

Humanism

c)

Introspection

d)

Functionalism

35.

Which theory of behavior believes that we think and perceive in whole units rather than the parts?

a)

Introspection

b)

Gestalt

c)

Structuralism

d)

Functionalism

36.

A person who specializes in Psychoanalysis is called a?

a)

Counselor

b)

Psychoanalyst

c)

Psychiatrist

d)

Psychologist

37.

Which theory of Psychology believes we are motivated by our "free will"?

a)

Gestalt

b)

Functionalism

c)

Biological

d)

Humanism

38.

Which type of Psychologist helps solve crimes?

a)

Engineering

b)

Consumer

c)

Clinical

d)

Forensic

39.

Which type of psychologist finds ways for companies and workers to be more productive?

a)

Forensic

b)

Consumer

c)

Engineering

d)

Industrial-Oranizational

40.

Which view of Psychology believes that behavior is influenced by the person's body chemistry?

a)

Biological

b)

Forensic

c)

Industrial-Organizational

d)

Consumer

41.

Who was the first African-American to earn a Ph.D. in Psychology?

a)

Francis Cecil Sumner

b)

Sigmund Freud

c)

Mary Whiten Caulkins

d)

Martin Luther King

42.

Who was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in Psychology and be the first woman President of the A.P.A.?

a)

Bevery Prosser

b)

Ruth Bader Ginsberg

c)

Mary Whiton Caulkins

d)

Lady Gaga

43.

Which of the degrees does a Psychiatrist have?

a)

Ph.D.

b)

M.P.D.

c)

M.D.

d)

S.O.S.

44.

Which of the following degrees does a Psychologist have?

a)

Ph.D.

b)

M.D.

c)

M.P.D.

d)

O.C.D.

45.

Which organization licenses and certifies Psychologists?

a)

N.B.A.

b)

A.P.A.

c)

A.A.A.

d)

P.B.A.

46.

The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the

a)

adaptation threshold.

b)

difference threshold.

c)

subliminal threshold.

d)

absolute threshold.

e)

change threshold.

47.

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as

a)

the opponent-process theory.

b)

Weber's law.

c)

feature detection.

d)

sensory interaction.

e)

the difference threshold.

48.

Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as

a)

sensory accommodation.

b)

blindsight.

c)

sensory adaptation.

d)

transduction.

e)

equilibrium.

49.

The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Weisel respond to specific aspects of ________ stimulation.

a)

vestibular

b)

visual

c)

auditory

d)

olfactory

e)

kinesthetic

50.

The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called

a)

retinal disparity.

b)

monocular cues.

c)

perceptual constancy.

d)

depth perception.

e)

sensory interaction.

51.

Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance?

a)

relative size

b)

retinal disparity

c)

relative motion

d)

linear perspective

e)

visual cliff

52.

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as

a)

interposition.

b)

closure.

c)

relative height.

d)

linear perspective.

e)

continuity.

53.

Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to

a)

a feature detector.

b)

perceptual adaptation.

c)

a perceptual set.

d)

a difference threshold.

e)

gate-control theory.

54.

Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry teacher several times a week, she didn't recognize the teacher when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of

a)

monocular cues.

b)

context effects.

c)

proximity.

d)

linear perspective.

e)

perceptual adaptation.

55.

Ohio State University pedestrians were more likely to cross streets unsafely if they were talking on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of

a)

place theory.

b)

gate-control theory.

c)

selective attention.

d)

the phi phenomenon.

e)

retinal disparity.

56.

The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates

a)

subliminal perception.

b)

kinesthesis.

c)

accommodation.

d)

sensory adaptation.

e)

parallel processing.

57.

Although textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of

a)

interposition.

b)

size constancy.

c)

linear perspective.

d)

shape constancy.

e)

binocular cues.

58.

Color constancy refers to the fact that

a)

light waves reflected by an object remain constant despite changes in lighting.

b)

objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes.

c)

the perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness.

d)

the frequency of light waves is directly proportional to the light's wavelength.

e)

colors remain the same hue even when the tint changes under our difference threshold.

59.

While singing to you on your birthday, your friends leave off the very last word of the song, “Happy birthday to you, Happy birthday to you, Happy birthday dear David, Happy birthday to….” Your tendency to mentally fill in the last word best reflects which of the following Gestalt principles of organization?

a)

continuity

b)

proximity

c)

connectedness

d)

closure

e)

figure and ground

60.

An integrated understanding of perception in terms of our sensory capacities, cultural contexts, and Gestalt principles is most clearly provided by

a)

human factors psychology.

b)

a biopsychosocial approach.

c)

Weber's law.

d)

parapsychology.

e)

opponent-process theory.

61.
Receptors that are responsible for transferring light into neural impulses.  
a)
Rods & Cones of Retina
b)
Optic Stem
c)
Cornea
d)
Iris
62.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary sensory experiences that make up taste?  
a)
Sweet
b)
Sour
c)
Bitter
d)
Warmth
63.
A principle that states, for any change in a stimulus to be detected, a constant proportion of that stimulus must be added or subtracted.  
a)
Gate-Control Theory
b)
Weber's Law
c)
Difference Threshold
d)
Multiple constant 
64.
Smell is transmitted to the brain via the.....
a)
Optic Nerve
b)
Olfactory Nerve
c)
Auditory (chochlear nerve)
d)
Sensory Nerve
65.
When a stimulus activates a receptor.  
a)
Senstaion
b)
Perception
c)
Recognition
d)
Response system
66.
This theory states that we can lessen some pains by shifting our attention away from pain impulses.  
a)
Pain perception method
b)
Gate-Control Theory
c)
Acute sensation deprivation
d)
Theory of relativity
67.
The organization of sensory information into meaningful experiences.  
a)
Senstation
b)
Perception
c)
Gestalt Awareness
d)
Sensory organization
68.
The weakest amount of a stimulus that a person can detect half of the time.  
a)
Differnce threshold
b)
Absolute threshold
c)
Gate threshold
d)
Subliminal message
69.
This system controls the balance of the body.  
a)
Vestibular System
b)
Kinesthetic System
c)
Vision system
d)
Internal system
70.
Thinking about your own thought process.
a)
Direct thinking
b)
Non-direct thinking
c)
Metacognition
d)
Mental Set
71.
When a mental set interferes with solving a problem.  
a)
Flexibility
b)
Rigidity
c)
Roadblock
d)
Functional creativity
72.
Rearranging the elements of a problem in order to arrive at an original solution.  
a)
Flexibility
b)
Algorithm 
c)
Recombination
d)
Heuristics
73.
What problem-solving strategy allows a person to arrive quickly on a solution.  
a)
Algorithm 
b)
Flexibility
c)
Heuristics
d)
Rigidity
74.
The storage and retrieval of what has been learned.
a)
Memory
b)
Decay
c)
Retrieval
d)
Sensory memory
75.
Encoding --> ______________________ --> Retrieval 
a)
Locking
b)
Storage
c)
Filing
d)
Creating
76.
Which of the following is NOT a strategy that can help form long-term memories?
a)
Rehersal
b)
Mnemonic device
c)
Chunking
d)
Direct thinking
77.
Mr. Nelson uses the phrase, Super Man Helps Every One to help him remember the names of the Great Lakes.  This would be an example of what strategy?  
a)
Chunking
b)
Grouping 
c)
Mnemonic Device
d)
Acronization 
78.
Which of the following is NOT a reason that we forget?
a)
Repression
b)
Decay
c)
Amnesia
d)
Retrograde Deterioration 
79.
The inability to form new memories.  
a)
Infantile Amnesia
b)
Antereograde Amnesia
c)
Retrograde Amnesia
d)
Proactive Amnesia
80.
After memorizing all of the different countries in Europe you now find it hard to remember the countries in South America.  What type of interference is being exemplified?  
a)
Proactive
b)
Retroactive
c)
Interactive
d)
Active
81.

the organisation and interpretation of sensory information is called

a)

Sensation

b)

Intelligence

c)

Enlightenment

d)

Perception

82.

Rubens Vase and the duck-rabbit are examples of

a)

misinterpreted depth cue illusions

b)

Ambiguous figure illusions

c)

Fiction illusions

d)

unexplained illusions

83.

the famous room designed to play tricks on your visual depth cues is

a)

Room 101

b)

the Muller-Lyer room

c)

Rubens Room

d)

the Ames room

84.

Which is not believed to influence our perceptual set

a)

Genes

b)

Emotion

c)

Motivation

d)

Culture

85.

What's the name of this illusion?

a)

Ponzo

b)

Necker

c)

Muller-Lyer

d)

Ames Room

86.
The tendencies of humans to group stimuli by similarity and by physical proximity to each other are illustrative of 
a)
Perceptual inference
b)
Gestalt principles
c)
Concept of constancy
d)
Prototype theory
87.
Almost half the birds in the yard were brown cardinals and the rest were bright red cardinals, so Jimmy perceived them as two distinct groups of birds. This best illustrates the principle of:
a)
connectedness
b)
similarity
c)
closure
d)
relative clarity
88.
Figures tend to be perceived as whole, complete objects, even if spaces or gaps exist in the representation, thus demonstrating the principle of:
a)
Closure
b)
Proximity
c)
Continuity
d)
Similarity
89.

Which Gestalt Principle?

a)

Figure Ground Perception

b)

Closure

c)

Similarity

d)

Proximity

90.

Why is it that we can see the panda in the logo and not a bunch of black shapes?

a)

We perceive the proximity of the shapes as a group

b)

We automatically fill the gaps between the black shapes to create a panda

c)

We simplify the scene into figures and background

d)

Because of the Figure/Ground principle

91.
Using two eyes for depth is called a
a)
Monocular cue
b)
Binocular cue
c)
Connectedness
d)
Linear perspective
92.
Binocular vision
a)
overlapping fields of vision from two eyes
b)
eyes and brain working together to determine what an object is
c)
what we see is different than what the brain "expects" to see
d)
brain remembering images for a short time and combining them
93.
_____ is dependent upon overlapping fields of vision combined into one image in the brain
a)
optical illusions
b)
depth perception
c)
perceiving motion
d)
visual perception
94.
Define the Gestalt principle of camouflage.
a)
an animal classification for those whose appearances match their environment
b)
where the contour of the figure is broken so that it blends in with the ground, obscuring the figure
c)
an army uniform
d)
where the figure is distinct from the ground
95.
As I was driving along the freeway, a huge truck came hurtling up behind me. It seemed to take ages for the long body to get past as it overtook me. Afterwards, it gradually disappeared up the road in front of me. Which of the following principles would I have applied to help me realise that the truck remained the same size, although its image on my retinas changed?
a)
shape constancy and size constancy
b)
size constancy and orientation constancy
c)
brightness constancy and orientation constancy
d)
brightness constancy and size constancy
96.
Culture has been shown to influence our visual system in which of the following ways?
a)
Formal education has no impact on our visual system but societal and cultural norms do.
b)
Formal education, cultural norms and expectations, and our visual systems influence depth cues.
c)
Prior learning is not essential to recognise pictures.
d)
People from all cultures interpret depth cues in similar ways.
97.
A reversible figure, such as the vase/face figure, makes use of which principle of perception?
a)
closure
b)
proximity
c)
similarity
d)
figure-ground relationship
98.

Which pictorial depth cue is being represented in this image?

a)

Relative size

b)

Height in the visual field

c)

Linear perspective

d)

Interposition

99.
If one object blocks another, the one being blocked is further away.  This cue is called
a)
perceptual constancy
b)
interposition
c)
relative size
d)
binocular fusion
100.
mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
a)
top-down
b)
difference threshold
c)
priming
d)
perceptual set
101.

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

a)

Psychology

b)

Behavior

c)

Cognitive Activities

d)

Humanistic Approach

102.

Any actions that people can observe or measure

a)

Psychology

b)

Cognitive Activites

c)

Behavior

d)

Gestalt Theory

103.

Mental processes (dreams, perceptions, thoughts, memories)

a)

Cognitive Activities

b)

Behavior

c)

Psychology

d)

Psychodynamic Approach

104.

A statement that tries to explain why things are the way they are

a)

Behavior

b)

Psychology

c)

Theory

d)

Perspective

105.

Examining one's own thoughts and feelings; "looking within" (Socrates)

a)

Functionalism

b)

Associationism

c)

Introspection

d)

Humanistic Theory

106.

Theory in experimental psychology; the basic elements of consciousness are the major focus (objective sensations and subjective feelings)

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Introspection

c)

Structuralism

d)

Psychology

107.

The major focus is how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment

a)

Structuralism

b)

Functionalism

c)

Associationism

d)

Introspection

108.

Based on the idea that perceptions are more than the sums of their parts

a)

Gestalt Psychology

b)

Biological Perspective

c)

Evolutionary Perspective

d)

Cognitive Perspective

109.

Emphasizes the role that thoughts play in determining behavior

a)

Cognitive Perspective

b)

Behavioral Perspective

c)

Psychodynamic Perspective

d)

Evolutionary Perspective

110.

Emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts in determining human behavior

a)

Psychodynamic Perspective

b)

Humanistic Perspective

c)

Cognitive Perspective

d)

Behavioral Perspective

111.

Studies the influence of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior and mental processes

a)

Humanistic Perspective

b)

Evolutionary Perspective

c)

Cognitive Perspective

d)

Sociocultural Perspective

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