The internal, subjective experiences we inferfrom behavior: sensations, perception, dreams, thoughts, feelings, etc.

(a)  

These are your senses—it is the process of your body receiving outside signals and stimuli from your eyes, nose, ears, tongue, etc.

(a)  

This is how your brain interprets that information being provided.  You may perceive some things as happy, or sad, or hostile, or good, or bad, etc.

(a)  

feelings and parts

of the body, such as love being felt near the heart and fear in the stomach

(a)  

influence of sensation and perception on ideas

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our minds were born with certain, innate knowledge that required unlocking

(a)  

obtain knowledge and habits through observation and experience

(a)  

knowledge and mind are shaped by our environment

(a)  

knowledge and mind are innately bestowed

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believed the brain’s fluids contained ‘animal spirits’ that commanded muscles, and that these ‘spirits’ determined behavior

(a)  

held that we humans learn as we go, and are forever tryingto organize and make patterns of everything—even randomness

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held that we are all born as ‘blank slates,’ which are molded by our surroundings and education

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studied the longer reaction time of hearing vs. perceiving a sound

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the scientific search for the structural elements of the mind

(a)  

developed the field of Functionalism

influenced by the ideas of evolution and biological inheritance on the human mind and behavior

sensations like hearing, taste, touch, simple emotions, and consciousness were evolutionary mutations that helped our ancestors survive

(a)  

think about the past, allowing them to remember benefits, dangers, and plan for the future

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was denied a PhD simply for being a woman

(a)  

the first female PhD in psychology in 1894

(a)  

asserted that our behaviors, thoughts, and perceptions areshaped unconsciously by our past and our primitive instincts

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1960s, a new branch of psychology emerged that focused on learned behaviors in response to stimuli and situations

(a)  

discovered that a dog’s automatic responses to stimuli (salivation in anticipation of food) could be ‘learned’ or associated with a previously neutral stimulus

(a)  

furthered the field of classical conditioning by experimenting on the behavioral responses of other animals and children to various stimuli

(a)  

famous for training animal and human behaviors throughcontrolled stimuli and their consequences

(a)  

believed that Behaviorists and Freudians dismissed or ignored the innate needs of human beings

(a)  

focuses on the brain’s thinking process—on internal problem solving, knowledge, intelligence, perception, thinking, and memory

(a)  

the study of how brain activity and circuits affect our behaviors and emotions, and how these emotions and moods can affect behaviors

(a)  

the study that assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavior disorders

(a)  

Domain that professionals who help people to cope with crises, help peopleadjust to life transitions, or make lifestyle changes

(a)  

study of changing abilities from womb to tomb (how we progressfrom infancy, to childhood, to adolescence, to adulthood mentally and behaviorally)

(a)  

Domain that studies the methods and influences on teaching and learning

(a)  

Domain that a diverse group of scientists who study behavior via experimental and observation in humans and animals

(a)  

Domain that seeks to encourage acceptance of one's pastexcitement and optimism about one's future experiences

(a)  

the use of psychological concepts and methods toselect employees, boost morale, design products, and better business functioning

(a)  

Domain that investigating and logging persistent traits and consistent behaviors of people across time (i.e., temperament, interests, etc.)

(a)  

a domain that can be applied to any domain or field as it isa form of measurement for the abilities, attitudes, and traits of human beings

(a)  

the study of how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and use of that info to treat psychological disorders

(a)  

Domains that study how expressions of emotions vary across cultural and situational contexts (i.e.,cataloging and explaining how or why people act in different social and cultural situations)

(a)  

shifted to studying the interactions of physiological (biological) and cognitive processes

(a)  

some behaviors and predispositions are inherited

(a)  

the interactions of genes, mood and personality, and socialfactors (culture, family, socioeconomic status) all interact to determine behavior

(a)  

our drive to group things into larger parts, and see in sequence or as a whole

(a)  

exact experimental procedures so the experiment can be replicated

(a)  

explanations that organize observations and predict outcomes

(a)  

how two factors are linked and can predict one another

(a)  

a type of observational study that analyzes datafrom a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time

(a)  

observational research method in which data is gathered for the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time

(a)  

a questionnaire that self-reports the anonymous behaviors and characteristics of a certain group, nation, etc

(a)  

unhindered observations of animals or people in their natural environment

(a)  

one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing some universal truth

(a)  

a bar graph with gaps representing categories and numerical values

(a)  

a bar graph with no gaps depicting frequency distribution (all numerical)

(a)  

dataset that contains two peaks

(a)  

Data set has only one peak

(a)  

Measure of score variation around the mean,

Square root of sum of deviations divided by the number of scores.

(a)  

the likely probability that random chance was not responsible for the results of a study

(a)  

determinethe ethics and procedures, and require compliance from any prospective experimenters

(a)  

among other laws, requires that U.S.physicians (mental & physical) keep patient information confidential

(a)  

screen research proposals and safeguard participant’s well-being at each institution according to the guidelines provided by the APA, BPS, government, etc.

(a)  

is a federally-mandated committee in the U.S. that oversees animal programs, facilities, and procedures Oversight and Protection

(a)  

the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors

(a)  

learning that certain events occur together

(a)  

the attempt to objectively solely study behavior and learned experience; the field essentially ignored mental processes and observational learning

(a)  

a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response, such as the scent of food

(a)  

a natural/instinctive/unlearned response to stimuli, such as salivation after the scent of food

(a)  

a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning; in Pavlov’s experiment, the NS was the sound of a bell

(a)  

a previously-neutral stimulus that has been conditioned to elicit a response; in Pavlov’s experiment

(a)  

a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus; in Pavlov’s experiment, the CR was salivation after hearing the bell

(a)  

the strengthening of behaviors followed by a reinforcer and diminishing of behaviors followed by a punisher

(a)  

held that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely

(a)  

an event that strengthens the behavior

(a)  

an event that diminishes the behavior with an adverse consequence

(a)  

a procedure in which reinforcersguide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired/target behavior

(a)  

is giving the subject something it wants

(a)  

s taking away something the subject does not like or want

(a)  

is the removal of a rewarding stimulus

(a)  

is the administering of an aversive stimulus

(a)  

elicits responses after association with a reinforcer

(a)  

an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need

(a)  

can be effective when associated with primary reinforcers

(a)  

successful association learning, training, or conditioning

(a)  

subject may respond to a stimulus that seems similar to the conditioned stimulus

(a)  

a subject only responds to the conditioned stimulus

(a)  

Layer more stimuli by adding additionally conditioned stimuli to thealready-existing conditioned stimulus

(a)  

reinforces a response every time the desired behavior occurs

(a)  

is a schedule that reinforces after a specified number of responses

(a)  

reinforces a response only part of the time

(a)  

reinforces behavior in a seemingly unpredictable manner where the reinforcement comes in waves of frequent reinforcement or no reinforcement

(a)  

neurons that observationally imitate or empathize with others

(a)  

automatic function and learning for some who have lost the ability to use a limb can use (a)   to look at and consciously move limbs that once functioned automatically

the ability to learn based on the presence or absence of certain factors and/or stimuli

(a)  

the capacity to recall words, concepts or numbers

(a)  

memories linked to specific experiences, context, emotions, etc., rather than a concept or word itself Contingencies and Memory

(a)  

the sudden realization of a problem’s solution

(a)  

is a form of social learning in which children and adults acquire

apply the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary to understand and manage emotions

(a)  

occurs unconsciously, emerging only when there is an incentive to demonstrate it

(a)  

the conscious attempt to alter the behavior of

children, friends, family, self, or animals through the use of reinforcements and punishments

(a)  

resistance to eating things that made

you sick or ill

(a)  

the passive resignation of an animal

or human whose efforts have repeatedly failed to avoid an unwanted stimulus or outcome

(a)  

develop when one is accidentally rewarded in sports,

or other events, and a neutral stimulus is incorrectly associated with a reward

(a)