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WorksheetsPraxis 5362 Review: SLA
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 17mins
When providing content and language instruction, which of the following should NOT be done for the ELL students?
Adjust the materials to be culturally relevant
Lower the level of the academic content
Make accommodations during assessments
Differentiate the instruction of the content based on the student level
Which of the following terms best describe a bilingual or ELL student who is well adjusted in his/her home culture and the culture of the school?
Assimilation
Well-behaved
Acculturation
Culturally disciplined
When a teacher is working with students on their intonation pattern, the teacher is dealing with which level of language?
semantics
morphology
syntax
pragmatics
Which of the following opinions supports The critical period hypothesis popularized by linguist and neurologist Eric Lenneberg?
Older learners do not acquire languages as well as younger learners because of external and internal factors, not because of a lack of ability.
Second-language proficiency is determined by the time and effort put into the learning process, and not the learner's age.
A strong foundation in one's native language is key to development of a second language.
Older learners rarely achieve a near-native accent.
Which of the following is a five-step systematic instructional model to teach English learners how to use learning strategies for both language and content?
the natural approach
sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP)
Task-based language teaching (TBLT)
cognitive language learning approach (CALLA)
Niko is an English learner from Germany. He arrived in the US with a strong knowledge of English, and after a year he is close to native language fluency. Which of the following characteristics is Niko likely to display?
He communicates well, but might often become overwhelmed when communicating in English all day.
He has advanced cognitive language skills, but does not yet perform at the same academic level as native-speaking peers.
He has high levels of comprehension, but may not understand all academic language.
His vocabulary is near that of native speakers, but he still translates everything from German.
Which of the following statements provides a research-backed explanation for why ELLs in additive bilingual programs demonstrate increased academic achievement in L2?
A
The continued development of ELLs' native language serves as a foundation for L2 academic language.
A
The use of effective study habits is learned, which results in higher L2 academic achievement.
The use of English (L2) for social communication is enforced as a way of preparing students for academic language acquisition.
The exclusive use of L1 for language arts and L2 for other content instruction helps ELLs avoid confusion between language structures.
Which of the following theorists developed the concept of cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP)?
Noam Chomsky
BF Skinner
Jim Cummins
Stephen Krashen
Which TWO strategies can teachers use with ELLs who are in the production stage of language acquisition?
Select all answers that apply.
Ask students to point to pictures and say new words.
Gesture, point, and show as much as possible.
Avoid excessive error correction.
Ask questions that require a short answer and are fairly literal.
An ESL teacher has a class of students who fall into the pre-production stage of second-language acquisition. All of the following teaching strategies should be used with this group EXCEPT:
speaking slowly and using shorter words and simple sentences.
modeling language by saying and showing the meaning.
gesturing, pointing, and using visuals as much as possible.
encouraging speaking with classmates in small groups.
Mr. Durant is a science teacher. He implements a learning activity where the students break up into small groups after a class reading to discuss the material. After the small group discussion, Mr. Durant has the students write about their group's discussion in their journals. Mr. Durant best displays the knowledge of which of the following learning principles?
Student language development must happen first orally and then in writing.
Students need to gather thoughts from others to use as their own.
Student language development is integrated.
Students must turn in written work to hold them accountable.
The administrators of a high school have decided to start using the Cognitive and Academic Language Learning Approach with their English learners. This approach teaches students how to use learning strategies to increase their language and content knowledge. Which category of learning strategy is being used as students classify information according to specific categories?
cognitive
affective
metacognitive
social
Which of the following statements about the relationship between an ELL's L1 and L2 is true according to Cummins' Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) model?
ELLs face factors that make it difficult to transfer content knowledge between languages.
ELLs are capable of succeeding in L2 academic tasks only after they have mastered interpersonal skills in L1.
ELLs possess cognitive academic skills that can be easily transferred between languages.
ELLs' prior educational experiences in L1 have little to no impact on academic performance in L2.
Continue
Mr. Starke is teaching English learners for the first time. Gia, a young boy from Vietnam, is the most recent addition to his class, as he arrived in California a couple of weeks after the start of the school year. It has been a few weeks now, and Gia has yet to speak in class. Mr. Starke doesn't know what to do, so he asks an ESL teacher for advice. What should his colleague tell him?
"Call on him spontaneously in class. This will challenge him and force him to overcome his fear."
"The silent period is a normal stage in language acquisition. Don't force him to speak until he is ready."
"Encourage him to only speak in English at home to get more accustomed to using the language every day."
"Ask him to give a presentation to the class on his native culture. Teaching the other students about his background will help him feel more comfortable."
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the development of spelling and decoding skills?
Children typically develop spelling skills before decoding skills.
Children typically learn to decode words significantly earlier than they are able to spell them.
Children generally develop decoding and spelling skills at the same time.
The two skills, spelling and decoding, are only related for the most basic decodable words.
A kindergarten teacher is creating a unit on tigers to focus on the letter "T". Which of the following activities best contributes to the students' understanding of this alphabetic principle?
A
Creating a rhyme or song that explains how to spell the word "tiger".
Giving students a collection of pictures and having them label only the objects that begin with the letter "T".
This is correct because it requires students to identify pictures of objects that begin with the letter "T".
Using an assortment of cut out pictures that all begin with the letter "T", and pasting them into a collage.
A student with strong phonics knowledge is able to:
read text with accuracy, speed, and inflection.
rapidly name grade-level sight words.
use relationships between symbols and sounds to read and write words.
correctly define and use new terminology.
A teacher shows a student a written letter and asks the student to say the sound the letter makes. Next, the teacher says a sound and asks the student to write the letter. The student is demonstrating mastery in:
phoneme blending.
phoneme segmentation.
phoneme-grapheme correspondence.
phoneme isolation.
According to the social interactionist theory, what is the zone of proximal development?
The difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help
The time period between when a student arrives in a new country and he or she starts to feel comfortable
The ways in which one's native language overlaps with a second language
The information that is too difficult for a language learner to comprehend at his or her current level
Which of the following is the correct term for the idea that the human brain's capacity to acquire language appears to diminish over time?
Law of fluency development
Early language theory
Language-learning deadline
Critical period hypothesis
An ELL student in an additive educational program has demonstrated a great increase in academic ability and language proficiency. Which of the following statements best accounts for the student's success?
The development and validation of the student's L1 skills helped the student develop academic confidence and led to a smoother acquisition of L2 skills
The dual-language model in an additive educational program helped the student develop a strong self-confidence
The increased use of English helped the student better understand content instruction
The focus on English proficiency allowed the student to better assimilate into the academic programs
What best describes the oral responses ELLs make during the early production stage of second-language acquisition?
recalling, creating sentences, and asking questions
labeling items, naming, and choral response
stating opinions, debating, and defending
drawing, gesturing, and pointing
Which of the following theories explains that children learning a first language acquire grammatical structures in a predetermined sequence?
input hypothesis
affective filter hypothesis
natural order hypothesis
monitor hypothesis
Which of the following statements supports Noam Chomsky's nativist theory of language learning?
Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.
Language skills (speaking, reading, writing, and listening) should be integrated to expedite language development.
A second language is acquired more easily when there is a strong foundation in the first language.
The structures of a new language are acquired in the same order the first language was acquired.
Mr. Darcy is discussing ethics with his tenth-grade ESL class, as he knows the students are discussing current politics in their history class. He provides his students with a dialogue of a debate that includes several appearances of the second conditional. He asks the students to identify the grammatical structure being used and elicit the rules with a partner. The students then practice using the second conditional by answering a series of "What would you do...?" questions. What language approach is Mr. Darcy using?
the direct method
constructivist approach
cognitive code
language experience approach
Students are interacting with the teacher through a reading comprehension exercise to gain information about the story they just read. During the discussion, one of the students shares "The king is not too very nice". Which of the following second language acquisition stages is this student demonstrating?
production
fluency
emergence
Preproduction
Before beginning a new unit, a teacher provides her class with a list of new vocabulary terms they will encounter. Other than defining the words as they are used and front loading lessons with new vocabulary, which activity would help students successfully identify and understand the words in context?
Writing and saying each word 10 times to help remember the spelling and pronunciation.
Sorting words based on similarities in structure, meaning, or parts of speech.
Writing sentences that use the new words correctly.
Creating word webs of each word showing synonyms, antonyms, and definitions.
Which of the following example depicts a negative language transfer? Select all that apply.
A Spanish speaker who rolls his Rs when pronouncing the R sound in English.
A Spanish speaker identifies a word ending in "-tion" in English as a noun because words with the ending "-cion" are usually nouns in Spanish.
A Korean student who omits articles in sentences like "Car is very old" because there are no articles in Korean.
A Spanish speaker who uses borrow and lend as equivalent words because in Spanish there is only one word for both.
After taking a field trip to a local farm, a class reads a short story about animals who live on a farm. During the reading, the teacher has students help her decode words with phonemes the students have recently learned. After reading, the teacher breaks the students into small groups and has them help her generate sentences about farm animals. After the students say a sentence, the teacher writes the sentence on paper. She asks the students to help her spell out words containing letter sounds they discussed during the reading. By asking the students to help her sound out and spell words, the teacher is:
reinforcing positive group work etiquette by being present while students work together.
reinforcing print concepts through spoken and written language.
reinforcing student motivation for reading and writing by choosing topics that interest the students.
reinforcing phonics skills through both encoding and decoding.
Which of the following theories explains that children learning a first language acquire grammatical structures in a predetermined sequence?
natural order hypothesis
input hypothesis
affective filter hypothesis
monitor hypothesis
