The process of gathering and integration of psychology-related data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation.

A branch of psychology that deals with the design, administration, and interpretation of quantitative test for the measurement of psychological variables (such as intelligence, aptitude, personality traits)

psychologists accept as fundamental the Principle of ________________. In so doing, they accept the following related values:

a) respect for the unique worth and inherent dignity of all human beings;

b) respect for the diversity among persons and peoples;

c) respect for the customs and beliefs of cultures, to be limited only when a custom or a belief seriously contravenes the principle of respect for the dignity of persons or peoples or causes serious harm to their well-being;

d) free and informed consent, as culturally defined and relevant for individuals, families, groups, and communities;

e) privacy for individuals, families, groups, and communities;

f) protection of confidentiality of personal information, as culturally defined and relevant for individuals, families, groups, and communities;

g) fairness and justice in the treatment of persons and peoples.

psychologists accept as fundamental the Principle of _______________. In so doing, they accept the following related values:

a) active concern for the well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities;

b) taking care to do no harm to individuals, families, groups, and communities;

c) maximizing benefits and minimizing potential harm to individuals, families, groups, and communities;

d) correcting or offsetting harmful effects that have occurred as a result of their activities;

e) developing and maintaining competence;

f) self-knowledge regarding how their own values, attitudes, experiences, and social contexts influence their actions, interpretations, choices, and recommendations;

g) respect for the ability of individuals, families, groups, and communities to make decisions for themselves and to care for themselves and each other.

psychologists accept as fundamental the Principle of _______. In so doing, they accept the following related values:

a) honesty, and truthful, open and accurate communications;

b) avoiding incomplete disclosure of information unless complete disclosure is culturally inappropriate, or violates confidentiality, or carries the potential to do serious harm to individuals, families, groups, or communities;

c) maximizing impartiality and minimizing biases;

d) not exploiting persons or peoples for personal, professional, or financial gain;

e) avoiding conflicts of interest and declaring them when they cannot be avoided or are inappropriate to avoid.

psychologists accept as fundamental the Principle of ____________. In so doing, they accept the following related values:

a) the discipline’s responsibility to increase scientific and professional knowledge in ways that allow the promotion of the well-being of society and all its members;

b) the discipline’s responsibility to use psychological knowledge for beneficial purposes and to protect such knowledge from being misused, used incompetently, or made useless;

c) the discipline’s responsibility to conduct its affairs in ways that are ethical and consistent with the promotion of the well-being of society and all its members;

d) the discipline’s responsibility to promote the highest ethical ideals in the scientific, professional and educational activities of its members;

e) the discipline’s responsibility to adequately train its members in their ethical responsibilities and required competencies;

f) the discipline’s responsibility to develop its ethical awareness and sensitivity, and to be as self-correcting as possible.

_______ refers to how consistently a method measures something. If the same result can be consistently achieved by using the same methods under the same circumstances, the measurement is considered reliable. (consistency of the test)

______refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure. If research has high _____, that means it produces results that correspond to real properties, characteristics, and variations in the physical or social world.

High reliability is one indicator that a measurement is valid. If a method is not reliable, it probably isn’t valid.

A psychologist is conducting an intelligence assessment for a highly gifted teenager who exhibited exceptional abilities in both verbal and mathematical reasoning. the psychologist want to administer a test that captures the full extent of the teenagers advanced cognitive skills. which test would provide the most comprehensive assessment in this situation.

[ways to validate a test]

Is a purely a factor of the "eye of the beholder"- how the test-takers, or possibly the test giver, intuitively perceives the instrument.

______is about how well a test measures the concept it was designed to evaluate. It’s crucial to establishing the overall validity of a method.

Assessing this validity is especially important when you’re researching something that can’t be measured or observed directly, such as intelligence, self-confidence, or happiness. You need multiple observable or measurable indicators to measure those constructs or run the risk of introducing research bias into your work. (ex variables are Self-esteem

• Logical reasoning

• Academic motivation

• Social anxiety etc...)

evaluates how well an instrument (like a test) covers all relevant parts of the construct it aims to measure. Here, a construct is a theoretical concept, theme, or idea: in particular, one that cannot usually be measured directly. (Is the test fully representative of what it aims to measure?)

______Evaluates how accurately a test measures the outcome it was designed to measure. An outcome can be a disease, behavior, or performance. Concurrent validity measures tests and criterion variables in the present, while predictive validity measures those in the future. To establish criterion validity, you need to compare your test results to criterion variables

[how to measure reliability?]

An estimate of reliability obtained by correlating pairs of scores from the same people on two different administration of the same test.

[how to measure reliability?]

Forms of a test exist when, for each form of the test, the means and the variables of observed test scores are equal (its basically creating 2 test that are almost the same but not really)

[how to measure reliability?]

Different versions of the test that have been constructed so as to be parallel (you'll be creating differences person of test )

[How to measure reliability?]

Obtained by correlating two pairs of scores obtained from equivalent halves of a single test administered once (hahatiin yung test pero mahahati din yung power ng test)

[How to measure reliability]

_______assesses the correlation between multiple items in a test that are intended to measure the same construct.

You can calculate internal consistency without repeating the test or involving other researchers, so it’s a good way of assessing reliability when you only have one data set.

Shorthand them for a class of mathematical procedures designed to identity factors or specific variables that are typically attributes, characteristics or dimensions on which people may differ. (Basically they check all the items if they are correlated to each other.)

______are the test performance data of a particular group of test-takers that are designed for use as a reference when evaluations or interpreting individual test score. (so why we do that?, why we compare the score of individual to the other examinee? Dahil kung sila lang ang reference natin magiging biased si test-takers)

A group of people whose perform on a particular test is analyzed for reference in evaluating the performance of individual testtakers. (Z-score, T-score)

Collecting a nationally representative normative sample can be expensive so some test developer just give ______ in their manual where one can find the descriptive statistics of a group of testtakers in a given period of time rather norms obtained by formal sampling methods. (representative of each region of the country)

Selecting subgroups within a defied population to be proportionately represented in the sample.

A __________is a randomly selected subset of a population. In this sampling method, each member of the population has an exactly equal chance of being selected.

________ refers to a group of non-probability sampling techniques in which units are selected because they have characteristics that you need in your sample. In other words, units are selected “on purpose” in this sampling.

_________ is a non-probability sampling method where units are selected for inclusion in the sample because they are the easiest for the researcher to access. (selecting sample because of convenience)

[type of norms]

Raw data from a tests standardization sample converted to percentile form.

[type of norms]

Indicate the average performance of different sample of testtakers who were at various age at the time the test was administered (By age)

As the name implies, ________are derived from a normative sample that was nationally representative of the population at the time the norming study was conducted. In the fi elds of psychology and education, for example, national norms may be obtained by testing large numbers of people representative of different variables of interest such as age, gender, racial/ethnic background, socioeconomic strata, geo-graphical location, and different types of communities within the various parts of the country (such as rural, urban, suburban best example of this norms is National achievement test)

A normative sample segmented by any of the criteria initially used in selecting subjects for the sample (group of people ex. dumagat, ita etc..)

Typically developed by test users themselves, local norms provide nor-mative information with respect to the local population’s performance on some test. (compony, school,)

Entails estimating or extracting factors; deciding how many factors to retain; and rotating factors to an interpretable orientation (Let the data speak for it self)

Specify the measurement before looking at the data (the no speaking rule. if your data is fit)

Is the process of using statistical techniques to describe or summarize a set of data. As one of the major types of data analysis, is popular for its ability to generate accessible insights from otherwise uninterpreted data.

Unlike other types of data analysis, this analysis does not attempt to make predictions about the future. Instead, it draws insights solely from past data, by manipulating in ways that make it more meaningful.

________refers to how closely a test is related to other tests that measure the same (or similar) constructs. Here, a construct is a behavior, attitude, or concept, particularly one that is not directly observable.

Ideally, two tests measuring the same construct, such as stress, should have a moderate to high correlation. High correlation is evidence of convergent validity, which, in turn, is an indication of construct validity.

refers to the extent to which a test is not related to other tests that measure different constructs. Here, a construct is a behavior, attitude, or concept, particularly one that is not directly observable.

The expectation is that two tests that reflect different constructs should not be highly related to each other. If they are, then you cannot say with certainty that they are not measuring the same construct. Thus, discriminant validity is an indication of the extent of the difference between constructs.

In the context of testing and assessment, it is the usefulness or practical value of testing to improve efficiency. (Usefulness of the test?)

True score is equal to observed score and variance, the whole test is being considered.

In psychometrics, ________ (also known as latent trait theory, strong true score theory, or modern mental test theory) is a paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests, questionnaires, and similar instruments measuring abilities, attitudes, or other variables. It is a theory of testing based on the relationship between individuals' performances on a test item and the test takers' levels of performance on an overall measure of the ability that item was designed to measure.

*Standardized assessment with clear scoring criteria.

*Predetermined response options.

*Consist of multiple-choice or rating scale yime.

*Rely on interpretation of ambiguous stimuli to reveal unconscious thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics.

*Less structed

It assesses psychopathology and personality traits. It consists of a large number of true/false question covering various aspect of an individuals psychological functioning.

It measure the big five personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness . It assesses both the broad domains and specific facets within each it.

The __________ is an objective personality test that assesses an individual's personality across 16 primary dimension or factors. It provides a comprehensive view of an individual's personality traits.

The _______ test presents individuals with a series of inkblot images and asks them to describe what they see. The responses are analyzed to gain insights into the individual's personality traits and emotional state.

The ______uses a series of ambiguous pictures to elicits stories from individuals. The narratives they create are analyzed to understand their underlying motives, needs and conflicts. (presenting black images)

This test requires individuals to draw a house, a tree and a person. The drawing analyzed to understand the individuals cognitive and emotional functioning, as well as their interpersonal relationships.

This personality test is similar to (TAT) but the picture are colored with animals as characters.

This personality test is similar to (DAP) but this time the test takers is asked to draw his family.

Estimate the percentage of future employees that will be successful. (3 components; Validity, Base rate, and Selection ratio.)

Meant for the general population, not for diagnosis. (DASS, BDI, BAI)

Meant for the general population, to measure normal personality traits. (BFFI, 16PF, MBTI)

Meant for the general and clinical population to measure abnormal personality traits/symptoms can be used for diagnosis. (MMPI, MCLM, PAI)

Meant for general population to measure cognitive, physical abilities, used in education and IO setting.

[Error in test]

If the test was chosen was not appropriate for the reason for referral or it has how psychometric properties or it is not up to date.

[Error in test]

If the tests user did not follow the standard operating procedure for the test.

[Error in test]

If the tests user used a wrong set of norms, or failed to convert raw score to standard score.

A branch of medicine that focuses on the nervous system and its disorder. (brain, spinal cords, and nerves/nervous system)

A branch of psychology that focuses on the relationships between brain functioning and behavior (What happen to the brain will cause of our behavior, thought, and cognition)

Defined as the evaluation of brain and neurons system functioning as it relates to behavior.

(measuring via reflexes)

(Its a screener for neurological damage)

(Hammer + Knee)

_________ are designed to assess a test taker’s knowledge in certain academic areas. If you think about the word ______, that is precisely what these kinds of tests measure. An _________ test will measure your achievement or mastery of content, skill or general academic knowledge. (measures what content a student has already learned or mastered,)

While the achievement tests measure a test taker’s level of knowledge or mastery of specific content, the ________ measures a test taker’s potential for future learning. In this instance, think of the word _____ which is defined as a person’s natural ability to learn a skill or perform a task. Additionally, this type of assessment measures a student’s current and potential ability to perform certain tasks. (it measures a student's potential or ability to learn)

Relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from one another. (UGALI)

Also distinguishes one person to another but are relatively less enduring. (Feelings & Mood)

An informed, scientific concept developed or constructed to describe or explain behavior.

Refers to a long standing assumption that factors often than what a test attempts to measure will influence performance on the test.

Components of a test score attributes to comes other than the traits or ability measured. (minimize that error)

The _________ is a psychological test used by mental health practitioners that assesses visual-motor functioning, developmental disorders, and neurological impairments in children ages 3 and older and adults. The test consists of nine index cards picturing different geometric designs. The cards are presented individually and test subjects are asked to copy the design before the next card is shown. Test results are scored based on the accuracy and organization of the reproductions.

• _______ is a chance difference between the observed and true values of something (e.g., a researcher misreading a weighing scale records an incorrect measurement) (natural variations in real world "Ulan")

• _______ is a consistent or proportional difference between the observed and true values of something (e.g., a miscalibrated scale consistently registers weights as higher than they actually are), (Ruler)

A psychological report is an example of _______

WAIS is an example of

making sense of an interview by supplementing it with the results of 16pf is a form of _______

a qualifying exam for psychology majors is an example of _________

determining if you are passed or fail in your psychological assessment class is a form of _________

comparing the results of Big Five Factor Inventory to WAIS is a form of ______

Non-verbal ability measures are example of _______

recommendations of the therapy is part of the ______

Beck anxiety inventory is ________

a survey form for demographic information is a ___________

a tool in psychology which involves a face to face interaction/conversation with a client toa ask for pertinent information

an interviewer forgot to ask a piece of pertinent information about his client. he discovered his mistake in the middle of the night at around 11pm. his report about the interview is due tomorrow at 7am. what would be the most ethical thing to do ?

which of the following is the most important thing to establish at the beginning of an assessment

they are also known as the publisher of the tests

all of the following are required for assessment except ________

all the following uses psych assessment except _______

a kind of test to known the basic capability of a person in a certain skill/topic

they are the ones who are administered the test

as a legally registered psychometrician, which of the following is the bulk of our work?

one of the most ancient records of assessment is from ______where they hold imperial examination. people from most walks of life may have the chance to serve as a public servant by passing this exam.

according to the Greek philosopher Galen, the personality of the person can be determined by amount of fluids or humor present in that person. he claimed that people with a lot of blood are _____ as a person

which of the following historical events made it possible toa advance psychological assessment in unprecedented pace ?

most of psychological tests developed aims to study the similarities among the people. this approach in assessment is also known as ____

projective tests like Rorschach's Inkblot test and thematic apperception tests uses what kind of approach in assessment?

what is the major disadvantage of self report tests ?

after the world war II many of the Filipino soldiers who served under the american troops wanted to immigrate to the USA. in their application, they were given intelligence test developed by the americans. given the historical context, what is the most likely outcome of their assessment ?

Ricardo is a 38 yo factory worker who was not able to finish high school. he was referred to a psychological clinic for a full battery of assessment to know if he has a mood disorder. his results in OLSAT (Otis -Lennon School Ability Test) suggest that he has borderline IQ. What would be the most ethical thing to do in this scenario

your brother exhibits symptoms of depression. assuming that you are now a registered psychometrician, your parents asked you too assess your brother. which ethical principle will help you navigate this ethical dilemma?

as a practitioner, we are always concerned about the welfare of the client. any results/findings that may decrease the probability that they will receive financial help from the government or insurance policies must be altered to help them get what they deserve. is this ethical ?

as a practitioner, you are stuck with your assessment about particular client. you asked for the opinion of your colleague about the case without divulging identifying information. is it ethical ?

a client came in the clinic presenting symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. to make sure that you have the right diagnosis, you recommended the client to undergo an assessment. however, the client told you that she does not have the money for the assessment. what is the most ethical thing to do ?

a lawyer referred his client to your clinic for annulment purpose. the lawyer also asks for the raw score and test protocols of the client. what should you do ?

a 10 yo child was referred to the clinic by the guidance councilor. in the interview, the child mentioned that she is being abused by her stepfather . her mother got a wind of referral and decided to go to the clinic to get the result. as a clinician, what is the best course of action in this scenario?

is it ethical to use photocopied tests ?

you discovered that the client you are interviewing is the ex-boyfriend of your best friend who cheated on your other best friend. what should you do as a psychometrician

you are working as a recruiter in a private institution who is publicly known as a catholic institution. part of your selection procedure is an assessment of their technical and people skills. one applicant scored very high in both technical and people skills and she has the right competencies for the job vacancy. you are now ready to give her the job offer. however, you discovered that she is an atheist. which ethical principles should help you navigate this situation.

a psychometrician was invited to talk at an event about clinical depression among teenagers in the age of tiktok. however, the area of expertise of this particular psychometrician are about leadership, recruitment, and marketing psychology. he accepted the speakership invitation. is it ethical

a psychometrician uses their title as a psychometrician in endorsing a memory enhancing food supplement . is it ethical ?

the most important document in the process of assessment that serves as a protection for the assessor and the client.

where does confidentiality end ?

how do we know what kinds of test should we administer to a client.

if the client requests for the results of the test, what should we give to them?

the school is requesting for the assessment report of a certain student. which of the following must be considered before before disclosing the information.

is it ethical to use client's assessment results for research purposes ?