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APES Review Units 4, 5, 6

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 2hrs 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The Coriolis effect is responsible for
a)
the convergence of two ascending Hadley cells
b)
the location of atmospheric currents caused by the unequal heating of Earth
c)
the cooling effect of air as it rises and expands
d)
the deflection of atmospheric currents
2.
Which is the correct order of the convection cells starting from the equator?
a)
polar, ferrell, hadley
b)
ferrell, hadley, polar
c)
polar, hadley, ferrell
d)
hadley, ferrell, polar
3.

The type of plate boundary where two plates come together is a .....

a)

Convergent Boundary

b)

Divergent Boundary

c)

Transform Boundary

d)

Plate Boundary

4.

What type of event will occur at this boundary?

a)

Earthquake

b)

Volcano Eruption

c)

Tornado

d)

Mountain Building

5.

A divergent boundary occurs when plates ....

a)

Pull apart

b)

Come together

c)

Slide past each other

d)

subducting

6.
Which horizon is made up of partially weathered rocks?
a)
Horizon A
b)
Horizon B
c)
Horizon C
d)
Horizon D or R
7.
_______ is the type of soil used most often with plants. It is a mixture of clay, sand, and silt.
a)
loam
b)
humus
c)
mud
d)
dirt
8.
Soil sample that is 60% clay, 30% silt, and 10% sand has which texture? 
a)
clay
b)
clay loam
c)
sandy loam
d)
silt 
9.
Which is the correct order of soil horizons starting at the surface?
a)
A, B, E,C, O
b)
O, A, B, C, E
c)
O, E, A, B, C
d)
O, A, E, B, C
10.

The rate at which water flows through the soil is called soil percolation or ______.

a)

Groundwater

b)

Permeability

c)

Soil Pores

d)

Porosity

11.
Which soil component has the least capacity for holding water?
a)
silt
b)
clay
c)
sand
d)
humus
12.
You dig a small hole in the soil and the next day it rains. The hole fills with water, but does not empty even after several days of dry weather. What is the soil mostly made of?
a)
clay
b)
sand
c)
humus
d)
silt
13.

Observe this diagram of a plate boundary. One statement BEST describes what is happening. It is that

a)

the oceanic crust is melting.

b)

the denser ceanic crust is subducting under the less dense oceanic crust

c)

volcanic islands are forming.

d)

the tectonic plates are moving away from each other.

14.
The Coriolis Effect is caused by
a)
Earth rotating around the sun
b)
Earth rotating on its axis
c)
The tides
d)
Gravity
15.
What is "upwelling"?
a)
when wind near a shore pushes surface water away, nutrient rich cold water rises from the depths
b)
water rises from springs at the bottom of lakes
c)
it is when cold water sinks in the Norwegian Sea
d)
It is when the Coriolis effect makes currents go around in a circle
16.
This is the side of the mountain that is often drier and warmer.
a)
Leeward Side
b)
Wet Lapse Rate
c)
Windward Side
d)
Wild Side
17.

What are the proportions of sand, silt, and clay for the soil at point X ?

a)

5% Sand, 95% Silt, 5% Clay

b)

5% Sand, 20% Silt, 5% Clay

c)

65% Sand, 30% Silt, 10% Clay

d)

60% Sand, 30% Silt, 10% Clay

18.

What is the correct sequence of layers of the earth's atmosphere from earth's surface to space?

a)

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.

b)

mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere, troposphere.

c)

troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere.

d)

stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.

19.

Which two factors allow earth to experience four distinct seasons?

a)

latitude & solar intensity

b)

tilt of axis & rotation of axis

c)

tilt of axis & rotation around sun

d)

distance from sun & place in orbit around sun

20.

Which is a direct result of the Coriolis Effect?

a)

Upwellings

b)

tides

c)

ocean conveyor belt

d)

Tsunami

e)

Ocean gyres

21.

When roots become saturated with water due to over-irrigation, it causes death in plant roots. This is called:

a)

salinization

b)

desertification

c)

agroforestry

d)

waterlogging

22.

When irrigation water evaporates, salts are left behind on the soil surface and can cause plant death or lead to

a)

soil salinization

b)

desertification

c)

waterlogging

d)

monocropping

23.

One of the advantages to using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is

a)

reduce the need for pesticides

b)

they are not regulated by the government

c)

the concern about safety to consume

d)

they can cause food allergies

24.

Which of the following would be an environmental impact of high density animal farming?

a)

bad smells

b)

livestock can escape

c)

water pollution due to runoff

d)

improvement of feeding efficiency

25.

Because global fisheries have dramatically seen a reduction in fish numbers, this technique has been used recently to supplement that loss.

a)

monocropping

b)

IPM

c)

contour farming

d)

aquaculture

26.

Which of the following methods could be used to reduce erosion in strip minning of coal?

a)

Only remove the low grade ore

b)

Increase use of open pit mining instead

c)

Replant vegetation after mining.

d)

Increase water use for mining purpose

27.

The systematic removal of rock or other substance for financial gain.

a)

smelting

b)

mining

c)

urban farming

d)

forestry

28.

Reclamation is the process of

a)

Removing coal from a subsurface seam

b)

Extracting ore minerals from gangue minerals

c)

Returning land to its original or better condition

d)

Protecting the habitats of local wildlife

29.

A sustainable solution to urban growth

a)

suburban growth

b)

stopping growth

c)

building up

d)

urban heat island

30.

Ore leftovers after valuable minerals have been removed

a)

tailings

b)

smelting piles

c)

extraction heap

d)

gravel

31.

Surface Mining and Control Reclamation Act

a)

mandates that miners give half of what they find to the government

b)

allows miners to place a stake on public land for $5 per acre

c)

mandates reclamation

d)

is meant to bankrupt mining companies

32.

Why mine tailings can be dangerous

a)

can cause miners to trip

b)

can be full of sharp objects

c)

can cause acid leaching into water bodies

d)

are full of conflict minerals

33.

An ecological footprint is

a)

The amount of wilderness available on the earth

b)

The amount of biologically productive land and water a person uses

c)

A measure of the earth's biological capacity

d)

A measure of a person's contribution to creating a sustainable environment

34.

This method of forestry management involves the removal of certain trees with disease or trees of a desired height for use in industry.

a)

clearcutting

b)

selective cutting

c)

controlled burning

d)

reforestation

35.

This method of forestry management involves the purposeful planting of trees in an area with an abandoned mine or cleared zone.

a)

clearcutting

b)

selective cutting

c)

controlled burning

d)

reforestation

36.

This method of forestry management reduces the probability of severe impacts from natural fires

a)

clearcutting

b)

selective cutting

c)

controlled burning

d)

reforestation

37.

This method of forestry management may be the most economically efficient but can lead to the greatest level of soil erosion

a)

clearcutting

b)

selective cutting

c)

controlled burning

d)

reforestation

38.

Farming practice to reduce erosion by planting crops along slopes of land

a)

windbreaks

b)

contour plowing

c)

groundcover crops

d)

no till agriculture

39.

A mechanism for preventing erosion by planting a row of trees adjacent to farmland

a)

windbreaks

b)

contour plowing

c)

groundcover crops

d)

no till agriculture

40.

A sustainable practice that requires farmers to leave the ground undisturbed when planting crops

a)

windbreaks

b)

contour plowing

c)

groundcover crops

d)

no till agriculture

41.

An erosion-prevention that requires perennial grass to be planted during times when there are no crops on the farmland

a)

windbreaks

b)

contour plowing

c)

groundcover crops

d)

no till agriculture

42.

Which of these best describes a practice that aligns with integrated pest management?

a)

increasing fertilizer use to improve crop yield per hectare

b)

introducing natural predators of a pest species to decrease their crop damage

c)

using pesticides earlier in the season to increase their effectiveness

d)

growing monocultures so that crops will be easier to manage

43.

Integrated pest management is likely to use all of the following EXCEPT

a)

crop rotation

b)

intercropping

c)

planting herbicide resistant crops

d)

using traditional chemical pesticides

44.

What are considered "the commons"

a)

Common house hold items like knifes, spoons, and forks.

b)

A renewable resource owned by no one and available for use by anyone at little or no charge

c)

A field where college students can sit outside in between classes

45.

Sustainability

a)

The process of maintaining resources so they are not depleted or permanently damaged.

b)

The ability to read minds

c)

The ability to save resources for years and years

46.

Livestock farming has shifted from

a)

smaller to larger farms

b)

larger to smaller farms

47.

A feedlot is an example of...

a)

Point source pollution

b)

Nonpoint source pollution

48.

CAFOs provide a

a)

low-cost source of meat

b)

high-cost source of meat

49.

Which is NOT a contaminant associated with CAFOs?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Phosphorus

c)

Oil spills

d)

E. coli

50.

True or false: large farms can produce more waste than some U.S. cities.

a)

True

b)

False

51.

Excess nitrogen and phosphorous in waterways can cause

a)

Eutrophication

b)

CAFOs

c)

Asthma

d)

I know we've talked about this...

52.

What is a drawback to hydroelectric power?

a)

fish being isolated on one side of the dam

b)

water in the reservoir becomes warm

c)

increases the dissolved oxygen

d)

increases the rate of nutrient flow downstream

53.

What is a drawback of using ethanol as a fuel alternative to gasoline?

a)

it is produced from a food item

b)

produces more pollution than gas

c)

nonrenewable and comes from the ground

d)

burns worse than gasoline

54.

All of the following are renewable energy sources EXCEPT

a)

Wind

b)

Solar

c)

Nuclear

d)

Biomass

55.
Most of the developing countries in the world depend on _______ for their main source of energy.
a)
renewable sources
b)
nuclear
c)
biomass (including wood, manure, etc)
d)
coal
56.

Which of the following is a drawback to wind energy? (Select all that apply)

a)

migration of birds being interrupted

b)

noise

c)

disrupts the landscape

d)

not available in all locations

57.

Natural gas is mostly made of which gas?

a)

oxygen

b)

methane

c)

hydrogen

d)

carbon dioxide

58.

Identify a method that can be used for both oil and natural gas extraction.

a)

mountain top removal

b)

strip mining

c)

hydraulic fracturing

d)

subsurface mining

59.

Identify the major concerns with hydrologic fracturing (fracking). Check all that apply

a)

groundwater contamination

b)

release of volatile organic compounds

c)

high water consumption

d)

release of methane

60.

Which emissions from coal and oil can lead to acid rain?

a)

carbon dioxide and water vapor

b)

sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

c)

nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide

d)

particulates and carbon dioxide

61.
All of the following renewable resources are derived from the sun in some way EXCEPT
a)
biomass
b)
wind
c)
hydroelectric
d)
geothermal
62.
If Canada has a population of 35 million people and the annual consumption of petroleum in Canada is 12 barrels per capita, the total annual consumption is closest to 
a)
420 million
b)
420 billion
c)
5.4 billion
d)
540 million
63.
Most oil in the US is used
a)
in power plants
b)
for transportation
c)
in cooking
d)
as supplements for human and animal health
64.
The major downside to hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is that
a)
the empty spaces left behind can result in earthquakes or buildings collapsing
b)
the equipment that is used is very cheap and often falls apart after a single use
c)
the fracking chemicals could get into aquifers and groundwater
d)
all of these 
65.
Why don't we use vegetable oils or other biofuels for our transportation needs
a)
would require too much land to produce enough to meet demand
b)
the viscosity isn't appropriate for current engines
c)
they build up in engines long term and cause problems
d)
all of these
66.
In nuclear power plants, the _________ are used to prevent a meltdown during nuclear fission.
a)
fuel rods
b)
control rods
c)
on site storage facilities 
d)
pellets of uranium
67.
Nuclear energy generates ________ waste instead of _____________.
a)
radioactive, air pollutants
b)
air pollutants, ash
c)
CO2, uranium ore
d)
radioactive, uranium ore
68.

What is given off as the major waste product in a hydrogen fueled car?

a)

H2

b)

O2

c)

H2O2

d)

H2O

69.
How does biomass reduce our carbon footprint by producing less CO2 than fossil fuels?
a)
Plants absorb the same amount of CO2 that is released when it is burned.
b)
Plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere and put it permanently into the ground.
c)
Biomass filters CO2 to make it more environmentally stable.
d)
Biomass doesn't release any CO2 when burned.
70.
Which of the following energy sources has the lowest negative environmental impacts?
a)
Biomass
b)
Nuclear
c)
Natural Gas
d)
Solar
71.
Heating and cooling buildings by exchange with shallow groundwater systems is considered a form of ___ energy.  
a)
geothermal
b)
solar
c)
kinetic
d)
potential
72.
What is and example of cogeneration?
a)
heat energy normally wasted is used to power a turbine
b)
a power plant that gets energy from both nuclear and hydroelectric
c)
a type of wind turbine that can be powered by wind or steam
d)
harvesting natural gas and petroleum from the same field
73.
Which conventional fossil fuel resource is in largest supply worldwide?
a)
Biomass
b)
Natural gas
c)
Uranium
d)
Oil
e)
Coal
74.

For the diagram below, assume fracking has not been used with the oil and gas well. Which rock layer must be porous and have enough permeability for fluid to move through the layer?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

75.

Which of the following is a negative consequence associated with photovoltaic solar cells?

a)

Photovoltaic solar cells increase the reliance on transport of fuels long distances from energy sources to homeowners

b)

Smog and ground-level ozone can be created from pollutants released from photovoltaic solar cells during electricity generation

c)

The manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells involves toxic metals that can be released into the environment

d)

The installation of photovoltaic solar cells on houses and other buildings can result in the release of chemicals that destroy stratospheric ozone

76.

Many environmentalists consider Egypt's Aswan High dam on the Nile River to be an ecological disaster. Which of the following is the best evidence to support this viewpoint?

a)

Creation of the dam flooded important archaeological sites

b)

Sardine populations near the Nile delta increased exponentially as a result of decreased annual rates of water flow

c)

The Aswan High Dam supplies one-third of the electrical power used in Egypt

d)

Most of the nutrient-rich silt that the Nile annually deposited downstream is now deposited behind the dam

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