law intended to assimilate Native Americans into American culture

desire to decrease crime & health problems, resulted in increased crime & speakeasies, women supported

League of Nations (rejected by U.S. Congress), freedom of the seas, Poland as an independent nation

popularity of African-American artists, gospel music, jazz, influenced civil rights movement

limited president to serve only two terms, passed in response to FDR serving four terms

a new strategic weapon developed at Los Alamos, NM; Japan surrendered after bomb dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki, resulted in arms race with Soviets

Jonas Salk developed to stop polio; this limited the spread of infectious diseases

1st African American woman to serve in Congress in 1968

Congress limited the military power of the executive branch, result of actions during the Vietnam War

Reagan illegally sold weapons to Iran in exchange for hostages & sent money to Contras in Nicaragua

U.S. music & sports adopted worldwide

democracy in America: liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, populism, & laissez-faire

resulted in the settling of the frontier (West & Great Plains) by farmers

allowed women's suffrage, right to vote

limited American's freedom of speech during WWI

limited economic opportunity (jobs) for African Americans in the South & resulted in northern migration for economic opportunity

response to rejection of some New Deal programs, many disliked because it increase power of the president

the Nazi attempt at the genocide of Jewish people, caused many Jews to migrate to America

resulted in consumer spending, growth of middle class, led to interstate highway system

ended poll taxes & literacy tests as a requirement to vote; resulted in increased voting by minorities

as more troops were sent to Vietnam & the media reported setbacks (credibility gap), people protested by mass demonstrations, violence at some rallies

equipment developed for space flight is now used in practical products, (sunglasses, foam bedding, GPS)

high oil usage results in increased pollution

forbids “double jeopardy,” and protects against self-incrimination. It also requires that “due process of law” be part of any proceeding that denies a citizen “life, liberty or property” and requires the government to compensate citizens when it takes private property for public use.

passed because people in the west did not want to compete with immigrants for jobs

gov't policies protecting consumers, resulted from Muckrakers like Upton Sinclair

soldiers well trained by John J. Pershing, led major counterattack on western front in WWI

women during the Roaring 20s that challenged traditional & social norms of females, unique fashion

created a gov't benefits program to help elderly/disabled/retired; increased gov'ts responsibility

African American veteran of WWI, received Medal of Honor

gov't paid for education & low interest housing loans for military veterans

gov't agencies could no longer discriminate in their employment practices

allowed the president to take military action without declaration of war from Congress

1st female as Supreme Court Justice

oil reserves are decreasing, need a new renewable energy source (wind turbines, solar, etc.) and efficient products

freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly, & petition

wanted restrictions on immigration, assimilation

conserve & preserve land; Teddy Roosevelt led to creation

Germans attacked U.S. merchant ships, resulted in U.S. declaring war on

Germany

efficient production made products affordable like the automobile (Henry Ford/assembly line)

gov't guaranteed bank deposits, protect people's savings

transmitted secret military information in WWII

this resulted from prosperity after WWII, baby boom, & increasing demand for housing

required equal treatment of minorities in the work place

U.S. got involved to try & prevent communism from spreading (containment) in Southeast Asia

Iran revolutionaries kidnapped U.S. citizens in Iran in response to the Shah being in the U.S.

easy access to information; resulted in increased manufacturing efficiency (robots), work efficiency, telecommunications, advancements caused by competition

limits the power of the federal gov't by separation of powers & checks & balances

persecuted because they were Catholic

initiative, referendum, recall; increased participation in democracy, made elected officials accountable (Progressive Era 1890-1920)

Germany tried to ally with Mexico, resulted in U.S. declaring war on Germany (WWI) (SLUGZ)

fear of Communist infiltration in U.S. led to arrest & deportation of suspected communists

federal gov't would take on a new role by playing a LARGER role in helping the welfare of Americans, protecting the economy, help provide jobs & mortgage loans

by Executive Order 9066, Japanese-American citizens locked up; later determined violated liberties provided by the 14th Amendment

Red Scare movement led by Senator Joseph McCarthy that arrested people suspected of being communists

non-violent protest aimed to improve political rights & economic opportunities of minorities

youth had distinct fashion & culture (hippies), often used rock & roll music (Woodstock) to protest the 'establishment' & gov't policies

U.S. helped (ally) Israel negotiate peace treaty with Egypt

1st African American president, Barack Obama

belief in consent of the governed, other nations recognized U.S. as a country (1776), inspired other to question their gov't

came to America for better economic conditions, farm fertile soil, jobs in factories; citizens wanted assimilation

helped found (create) NAACP in 1909, a civil rights group that fought for the legal rights of African Americans

soldiers fought from TRENCHES with machine guns resulting in a stalemate, tanks & poison gas were used to try and break stalemate

demand for goods declined; lead to businesses failing; unemployment grew; economic downturn; homelessness

represented women's new roles to support the war effort, joined nurse cadets, & worked in factories to keep up production in WWII

looked at individuals believed to be with the Communist movement

Governor Orval Faubus challenged the power of the federal gov't to desegregate schools

built Hispanic cultural pride

passed an oil embargo (ban) on the U.S., caused price spike on gasoline

New Orleans flooded as a result of the city's low elevation & the failure of levees

growth in industry (manufacturing) resulted in people moving to cities to work in factories causing sanitation problems

established settlement house movement in Chicago to help assimilate immigrants

rise in Militarism; Alliances; Imperialism; Nationalism; Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

______ in the stock market led to the Great Depression

supports the war effort in WWII by increasing the food supply

first artificial satellite launched into space by the Soviets; caused the U.S. to invest money in space, science, technology, and weapons programs

Civil Rights group that used armed resistance to protest & defend themselves; Huey Newton was a leader

led by Cesar Chavez, worked to improve working conditions for migrant farm workers

Nixon attempted to cover up information, led to growing cynicism (suspicion) & loss of trust toward the federal gov't

Attack on World Trade Centers & Pentagon resulted in U.S. war on Terror & invasion of Afghanistan

entrepreneur; controlled the STEEL industry & his philanthropy to improve society through donations to education & the arts

wrote the book, "The Jungle", resulting in the gov't regulating the safety of food products with the creation of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food & Drug Act

U.S. saw the need for the ______ canal during Spanish-American War, obtained land by Roosevelt's "Big Stick" policy, more efficient travel time for navy & businesses

caused by drought & poor farming practices

economic & political interdependence of nations; stop spread of

totalitarian (dictators) gov'ts

U.S. & Soviets promote science & technology as both attempt to develop nuclear arsenals (weapons)

important leader of the Civil Rights movement, believed in civil disobedience instead of violence

aimed to provide the poor with affordable housing

gov't agency created to protect the planet & started Earth Day

Supreme Court ended the recount in Florida, Bush wins, 3rd party candidate drew votes away from Bush & Gore affecting the election; spoiler effect

total control of a product by one company, laws are passed to protect consumer prices

coinage of silver, graduated income tax, & regulation of railroad shipping charges

territories gained by the U.S. after the Spanish-American War

Japanese retaliation on December 7, 1941 for oil/steel embargo (ban), resulted in U.S. entering WWII

United Nations and U.S. troops sent in 1950 to stop the spread of communism after the North invades the South

required desegregation of schools in 1954, NAACP's Thurgood Marshall helped argue case

provided health care for people age 65+

developed software for personal computers; co-founder of Microsoft

provided farmers access to distant markets, allowed Americans to settle the West

forced annexation by the U.S., supported by Sanford B. Dole

U.S. provided financial assistance to Western European countries to rebuild after WWII

In 1962, Kennedy ordered a naval blockade (quarantine) of Cuba to prevent shipment of Soviet nuclear missiles

a person or group who starts a business in the hope of making a profit; created are new products (internet & iPhone), ideas, & services that change daily life & culture (online shopping)

made manufacturing more efficient; light bulb led to more hours of work which equals more production

advocated for overseas expansion by growing the U.S. Navy

U.S. flew planes over the Soviet blockade of Berlin to get supplies to West Berlin without military conflict

removed trade barriers, increased competition, product prices decreased

businesses became wealthy, and some corrupt; gov't officials supported business first policies

gain access to natural resources & oversea markets; expansion in trade after winning the Spanish-American War

helped establish America as a world imperial power

Cuban Revolution & sinking of U.S.S. Maine

gov't officials took brides, bosses (Boss Tweed) & political machines promised infrastructure for voters

ended the practice of "patronage" or "spoils system" and instituted an exam/merit system for gov't jobs

Creation of the federal income tax

direct election of Senators, which was intended to increase direct participation of voters

first law outlawing monopolies in 1890

first federal law regulating businesses in 1887

popular authors & reformers, such as Upton Sinclair & Ida B. Wells who published extensively about social issues, including exposing poor working conditions in factories, the ills of child labor, and the overcrowding of cities

U.S. policy regarding the Soviet Union's influence & preventing the spread of its communist influence throughout the world; this was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Korean War, Vietnam War