Consist of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.

(a)  

Respiratory system's main function of gas exchange occurs.

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Cellular sites of the exchange of O2 and CO2 between inspired air and blood.

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saclike structures that make up most of the lungs

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cleans and humidifi es the inspired air and provides a conduit

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The external and dilated component of the nasal cavity.

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Structure in the nasal cavity that filters out particulate material from the inspired air.

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The typical epithelium of the respiratory tract.

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Three bony shelflike projections in the nasal cavity.

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What immunoglobulin is present in nasal secretions?

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The middle and inferior conchae are covered with what epithelium.

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The roof of the nasal cavities and the superior conchae are covered with what epithelium:

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Most abundant cell in the respiratory epithelium, each with 250-300 cilia on its apical surface.

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Cells with basal nuclei and apical domains filled with granules of mucin glycoproteins in the respiratory epithelium.

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These cells are chemosensory receptors resembling gustatory cells.

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These cells are mitotically active stem and progenitor cells that give rise to the other epithelial cell types.

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A condition where there is a change from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to stratified squamous epithelium.

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Bipolar neurons present throughout the specialized epithelium.

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These cells help maintain a microenvironment conducive to olfactory function and survival.

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Serous glands that produce a constant flow of fluid surrounding the olfactory cilia and facilitating the access of new odoriferous substances.

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These are bilateral cavities in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the skull.

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Posterior part of the oral cavity leading to larynx.

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Passage for air between the pharynx and the trachea.

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These connective tissue maintains an open airway and movements of these by skeletal muscles participate in sound production during phonation.

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A flattened structure that serves to prevent swallowed food or fluid from entering that passage

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This protects the mucosa of the vocal folds from abrasion and desiccation from rapid air movement.

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Structure within the vocal folds comprise of large bundles of striated fibers.

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Luminal space in the vocal folds.

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Drawing of the paired vocal folds together by the vocalis muscle.

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The submucosa of this respiratory structure is reinforce by C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage.

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Facilitate the passage of food by allowing the esophagus to bulge into the lumen of the trachea.

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Respiratory structure that enter each lung at the hilum.

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approximately 10% to 12% of each lung with its own connective tissue capsule and blood supply

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pyramid-shaped, with the apex aimed at the pulmonary hilum

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Each bronchiole enters a pulmonary lobule, where it branches to form five to seven (a)   .

Site of phonation.

(a)  

designated as the intralobular airways

(a)  

Thes last structure of the air conducting system.

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Most numerous cells in the cuboidal epithelium of terminal bronchioles.

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Cells responsible for the secretion of surfactant lipoproteins and mucins in the fluid layer on the epithelial surface.

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Cells that detoxify the inhaled xenobiotic compounds by enzymes of the SER.

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Cells that secrete antimicrobial peptides and cytokines for local immune defense.

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A disorder characterized by sudden constrictions of the smooth muscle in bronchioles.

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first-part of the respiratory region of the respiratory system

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These are the distal ends of respiratory bronchioles.

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Large clusters of alveoli

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Responsible for the spongy structure of the lungs.

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Structrue near the alveoli, consisting of scattered fibroblasts and sparse extracellular matrix

(a)  

equalize air pressure in these alveoli and permit collateral circulation of air when bronchioles are obstructed

(a)  

O2 from alveolar air binds to:

(a)  

Most CO2 arrives in the lungs as part of (a)   inside erythrocytes.

Most prominent features in the flattened portions of the capillary endothelial cell.

(a)  

Cells that maintain the alveolar side of the blood-air barrier and cover about 95% of the alveolar surface.

(a)  

Extremely attenuated cells that line the alveolar surfaces.

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Play a role in the turnover of surfactant and the removal of small particulate contaminants

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Cuboidal cells that bulge into the air space.

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Often occur in groups of two or three along at points where two or more alveolar walls unite.

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Can be considered markers for type II cells.

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Lowers surface tension at the air-epithelium interface.

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Helps prevent alveolar collapse at exhalation and allows alveoli to be inflated with less inspiratory force.

(a)  

Lung cancer that is related with a history of smoking.

(a)  

most common lung cancer in nonsmokers

(a)  

During inhalation, contraction of the (a)   elevates the ribs.

Lungs retract passively because of muscle relaxation and the elastic fibers’ return to the unstretched condition.

(a)  

membrane attached to lung tissue

(a)  

membrane lining the thoracic walls

(a)  

Cicrulation that carries systemic, nutrient-rich blood.

(a)  

Circulation that carries O2 depleted blood for gas exchange.

(a)