What process shapes and directs the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers, combs, and finger-waving lotion, and was the rage in the 1920s and 1930s?

What substance, also known as liquid gel, makes the hair pliable enough to keep it in place during the finger-waving procedure?

_____ curls serve as a basis for patterns, lines, waves, curls, and rolls that are used in a wide range of hairstyles and can be used on all types of hair, including straight, permanent waved, or naturally curly hair.

The _____ is the stationary (non-moving) foundation of the curl, on the area closest to the scalp

What section of the pin curl lies between the base and first arc (turn) of the circle that gives the curl its direction and movement, and determines the amount of mobility or movement in a section of hair?

What type of curl is placed directly on the base of the curl and produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl and allows minimum mobility?

What type of curl is placed completely off base and allows for the greatest mobility?

A _____ is a section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls.

What are the pin curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls?

Which pin curls produce waves that get smaller in size toward the end?

The terms _____ curls and _____ curls are used to describe the direction of pin curls.

_____ base pin curls are usually recommended at the side front hairline for a smooth, upswept effect.

What pin curl base is recommended for use along the front hairline to prevent splits or breaks in the finished style?

What is the most commonly shaped pin curl base?

Arc base pin curls are also known as half-moon or _____ base curls.

Forcing hair between the thumb and the back of the comb to create tension is called _____.

Pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are referred to as _____.

Ridge curls are pin curls placed immediately behind or below a ridge to form a _____.

Two rows of ridge curls on the side of a head are called _____.

Large diameter pin curls that are similar to a roller, but do not have the same amount of tension, are called _____.

Which pin curls are fastened to the head in a standing position to create height in the hair design?

What is the panel of hair on which the roller is placed?

How is the hair wrapped around the roller to create curls in the hair?

Rollers should be placed _____ in a roller set where the least amount of volume is desired.

A(n) _____ is the point where curls of opposite direction meet, forming a recessed area.

_____ rollers are used only on dry hair because using them on wet hair will snag and pull the hair.

Backcombing, also known as _____, ratting, matting, or French lacing, involves combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp, causing shorter hair to mat at the scalp and form a cushion or base.

Backbrushing, also known as _____, is used to build a soft cushion or to mesh two or more curl patterns together for a uniform and smooth comb out.

What styling technique is used to keep curly hair smooth and straight while retaining its shape?

What technique of drying and styling damp hair in one operation has revolutionized the hairstyling world?

What nozzle attachment of a blowdryer directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely?

What blowdryer attachment is used to accentuate or keep textural definition by allowing the air to flow more softly?

Which brushes are used to blowdry precision haircuts where little or no volume is desired?

What are the large, flat brushes with staggered pin patterns that are used for mid- to longer-hair length?

Grooming brushes that add polish and shine to the hair have a bristle mixture consisting of _____.

Styling foam, a light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam, is also called _____.

_____, also known as texturizers, are styling products that are lighter and less viscous than firm-hold gels, making them ideal to use for easy styling, defining, and molding.

_____, also known as serum, adds gloss and sheen to the hair while creating textural definition.

What is the most widely used hairstyling product?

_____ waving and curling, also known as Marcel waving, are methods of waving and curling straight or pressed dry hair using thermal irons and special manipulative techniques.

_____ irons with straight edges are used to create smooth, straight, styles – even on very curly hair.

The edge of a flat iron that is nearest to the stylist is called the _____.

Combs that are used for thermal curling should be made of _____.

The correct temperature setting of the iron for thermal curling is determined by the _____.

As a rule of thumb, coarse and gray hair can withstand more heat than _____.

What type of curls are suitable for one length hair?

_____ curls provide maximum lift or volume, since the curl is placed very high on its base.

When creating full-base curls, the hair should be held with medium tension at a _____.

Placed completely off their base, _____ curls offer a curl option with only slight lift and volume.

What process involves temporarily straightening extremely curly hair by means of a heated comb?

What hair pressing process removes 50 to 60 percent of the curl?

What hair type is very resistant to hair pressing and requires more heat and pressure?

When the client’s scalp is classified as flexible, remember to _____ to press the hair satisfactorily.

Good-quality pressing combs are constructed of either _____.

Pressing combs with less space between the teeth produce a _____.

It is important to _____ a new brass pressing comb so that it will hold heat evenly along its entire length and provide consistent results.

After heating, the temperature of the pressing comb should be tested using _____.

Carbon buildup can be removed from the metal portion of a pressing comb by immersing the metal portion of the comb in a solution containing _____.

A _____ is sometimes necessary when the hair becomes curly again due to perspiration, dampness, or other conditions.

_____ and skin rashes are the two general types of injuries that can occur in hair pressing.

Avoid excessive heat, particularly when pressing _____ hair, to avoid discoloration and breakage.

When executing an updo, inspect the shape from every angle to make sure it is _____.

What true classic hairdo is created out of a simple ponytail that can be simply styled or dressed up?

The twist, also referred to as the French _____, is a classic long hairstyle that is popular in the salon for clients attending formal functions.