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WorksheetsHPNU 2050 Final Practice Questions Part 2
Total questions: 112
Worksheet time: 56mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
A daily deficit of 400 to 500 kcal should theoretically result in a loss of approximately ________ lbs of body fat per week.
a)
0.25
b)
1
c)
3
d)
4
2.
Approximately _______% of iron used each day is recovered and recycled.
a)
10
b)
25
c)
75
d)
90
3.
One teaspoon of salt contains about ________ mg of sodium
a)
3400
b)
1000
c)
2300
d)
6000
4.
The absorptive process that requires energy in the form of ATP is ________.
a)
facilitated diffusion
b)
active absorption
c)
enterohepatic circulation
d)
the lymphatic system
5.
Drinking too much water can result in dilution of sodium in the blood, a condition known as _________.
a)
hypernatremia
b)
hyperkalemia
c)
hyponatremia
d)
ADH syndrome
6.
When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess energy ________.
a)
is stored as fat in adipose tissue
b)
is stored in muscle tissue
c)
decreases nitrogen balance
d)
is excreted in the urine
7.
Vitamin D is sometimes called the sunshine vitamin because
a)
it is available in fresh orange juice.
b)
exposure to sunlight converts a precursor form to vitamin D.
c)
it can be destroyed by exposure to sunlight.
d)
it is the yellow-orange color of the sun.
8.
When a compound is oxidized it ______ one or more electrons.
a)
loses
b)
gains
c)
transforms
d)
creates
9.
Hunger can be defined as ________.
a)
starvation
b)
a physiological drive to find and eat food
c)
a sensation caused by distension of the stomach and small intestine
d)
a psychological drive to eat
10.
When there is excess glucose and amino acids in the liver, and no more ATP needs to be synthesized, these energy-rich nutrients are converted to ________.
a)
triglycerides
b)
pyruvate
c)
NAD+
d)
FAD
11.
One specific cause of fatigue and anemia in adolescent girls with low dairy product intake is deficiency of _________.
a)
vitamin C
b)
calcium
c)
lactose
d)
riboflavin
12.
A standard serving of an alcoholic drink is defined as ________.
a)
16 oz beer
b)
12 oz wine cooler
c)
5 oz wine
d)
3 oz hard liquor
13.
Vitamin E is a family of compounds comprised of the
a)
4 tocopherols
b)
4 tocotrienols
c)
4 triglycerides
d)
4 tocopherols and 4 tocotrienols
14.
The nutrient essential for the synthesis of blood clotting factors is vitamin
a)
A
b)
D
c)
E
d)
K
15.
In a dietary deficiency of folate, there are decreasing numbers of mature red blood cells to carry the oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. This condition is known as
a)
achlorhydria
b)
megaloblastic anemia
c)
ariboflavinosis
d)
hemorrhagic disease
16.
In the absence of oxygen, ______ respiration will occur.
a)
active
b)
anaerobic
c)
aerobic
d)
inactive
17.
Sodium
a)
acts as the principal positively charged ion in the intracellular fluid
b)
transmits electrical impulses through nerve cells
c)
promotes glycolysis
d)
releases energy from ATP.
e)
`
18.
To calculate estimated energy needs using the equations developed by the Food and Nutrition Board, one needs information about the individual's ________.
a)
age
b)
weight
c)
height
d)
gender
e)
All of these answers are correct
19.
The nutrients added to enriched grains typically include
a)
all of the B vitamins
b)
vitamin C, pantothenic acid, folic acid, and zinc
c)
thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and iron
d)
vitamin B-6, folic acid, vitamin B-12, and iron
20.
An important role of vitamin K is the synthesis of
a)
alpha-tocopherol
b)
rhodopsin
c)
calcitriol
d)
prothrombin
21.
All the chemical and physical processes involved in maintaining life are referred to as ________.
a)
anabolism
b)
catabolism
c)
homeostasis
d)
metabolism
22.
Renin, released from the kidney as a result of a decrease in blood pressure, acts on ________ produced in the liver. This triggers a series of reactions that culminate in the production of _______ in the adrenal glands.
a)
angiotensin II; renin
b)
aldosterone; angiotensin
c)
angiotensinogen; aldosterone
d)
antidiuretic hormone; osmosis
23.
When blood osmolality increases, ___________ is released by the posterior pituitary and acts on the kidney to increase water retention.
a)
antidiuretic hormone
b)
renin
c)
angiotensin II
d)
insulin
24.
The riboflavin coenzymes have _______ functions in cellular metabolism.
a)
antioxidant
b)
chelating
c)
oxidation and reduction
d)
single carbon group transfer
25.
The body's total daily energy expenditure includes ________.
a)
basal metabolic rate, thermal effect of food, and effects of physical activity
b)
basal metabolic rate, height, and weight
c)
body mass index, food intake, and number of hours a person sleeps
d)
None of these choices are correct.
26.
Ingestion of vitamin C during meals can modestly improve absorption of __________.
a)
beta-carotene
b)
nonheme iron
c)
vitamin B-12
d)
folate
27.
Intrinsic factor is produced by the
a)
beta-cells of the pancreas
b)
salivary glands
c)
parietal cells of the stomach
d)
enterocytes of the small intestine
28.
A major factor contributing to the decline in iron deficiency anemia among poor preschool children in the U.S. is
a)
better nutrition education of parents, so that foods children need are actually being served.
b)
the federal Food Stamp Program (now called SNAP).
c)
the nationwide system of food pantries and soup kitchens.
d)
the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) that distributes iron-fortified formulas and cereals.
29.
At intakes of supplemental vitamin C greater than 2 g/day, adverse effects, including _________, may occur
a)
blood in the urine and muscle weakness
b)
masking of a vitamin B-12 deficiency
c)
gastrointestinal bloating and diarrhea
d)
All of these choices are accurate
30.
The ratio of body weight to height is represented as ________.
a)
body composition
b)
basal metabolic rate
c)
bioelectrical impedance
d)
body mass index
31.
The main active form of vitamin D in the body is
a)
calcitriol.
b)
retinal
c)
cholecalciferol
d)
calcitonin
32.
Minerals most involved in fluid balance are
a)
calcium and magnesium
b)
copper and iron
c)
copper and iron
d)
sodium and potassium
33.
When we obtain calcium from a dietary supplement, the absorption of magnesium and copper from food may be reduced because
a)
calcium interferes with the digestion of trace minerals.
b)
magnesium and copper both have the same valence as the calcium, so there is competition for absorption sites.
c)
excess calcium can destroy the villi of the intestinal tract.
d)
excess calcium means the magnesium and copper cannot be solubilized in water.
34.
Beta-carotene _______
a)
can be converted to vitamin A in the body.
b)
can be converted to vitamin E in the body.
c)
is classified as a retinoid.
d)
is toxic when consumed in excess amounts.
35.
When consumed in low to moderate amounts, alcohol is primarily metabolized by the ________________ pathway.
a)
catalase
b)
MEOS
c)
alcohol dehydrogenase
d)
peroxidase
36.
In which compartment of the cell does the Krebs cycle and fatty acid oxidation take place?
a)
Cell membrane
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Nucleus
d)
Cytosol
37.
The ADH pathway of alcohol metabolism converts ethanol into ________.
a)
citric acid
b)
NADH
c)
acetyl-CoA
d)
pyruvate
38.
Keeping tempting snack foods stashed in the cupboards or freezer instead of leaving them in plain view, which may trigger unnecessary eating, is an example of ________.
a)
cognitive restructuring
b)
chain-breaking
c)
self-monitoring
d)
stimulus control
39.
The hemoglobin molecule:
a)
contains 4 heme compounds
b)
carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
c)
decreases during iron deficiency anemia
d)
All of these choices are accurate
40.
The biochemical functions of vitamin A include all of the following except:
a)
controlling vision in dim and bright light.
b)
immune system function.
c)
cell differentiation.
d)
coenzyme synthesis.
41.
A characteristic symptom of niacin deficiency is
a)
cracks at the corners of the mouth.
b)
a purple-red tongue.
c)
severe edema.
d)
inflammation of the skin after exposure to the sun.
42.
Symptoms of vitamin B-6 deficiency include
a)
depression, confusion, and convulsions
b)
microcytic anemia
c)
dermatitis
d)
All of these choices are accurate
43.
The body's temperature regulation mechanism depends on
a)
drinking enough water to remove heat by way of the urine
b)
water within the body absorbing heat energy, and on the evaporation of perspiration removing heat energy
c)
water being delivered to the lungs, where the heat energy will be exhaled as water vapor
d)
excretion of body wastes
44.
Which of the following foods is a good source of non-heme iron
a)
eggs
b)
spinach
c)
grilled chicken
d)
clams
45.
________ are very large immature red blood cells, which are formed as a result of folate deficiency
a)
Erythrocytes
b)
Megaloblasts
c)
Lymphocytes
d)
Platelets
46.
Most B-vitamins function as
a)
fat-soluble vitamins
b)
coenzymes
c)
antibodies
d)
sources of energy
47.
Iron-deficiency anemia often causes symptoms of
a)
fatigue
b)
night blindness.
c)
dental decay
d)
dermatitis
48.
Electron transport is the process by which ________.
a)
fatty acids break apart to form acetyl-CoA
b)
glucose breaks apart to form pyruvate
c)
amino groups move from a donor to an acceptor
d)
NADH + H+ and FADH2 are converted to NAD+ and FAD, donating electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen
e)
energy derived from NADH + H+ and FADH2 is used to generate ATP
49.
Most of the iron in the body is found as a part of
a)
ferritin
b)
albumin
c)
hemosiderin
d)
hemoglobin
50.
Vitamin B-12 is supplied mostly in
a)
fruits and vegetables
b)
cereal grains
c)
foods of animal origin
d)
None of these answers are correct
51.
The richest sources of iron in the diet are
a)
fruits and vegetables
b)
nuts and seeds
c)
meats and seafood
d)
breads and pastries
52.
Biotin is needed for
a)
gluconeogenesis
b)
glutathione reductase
c)
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
d)
None of these answers are correct
53.
When muscle tissue is exercising under anaerobic conditions, the production of ______ is important because it ensures a continuous supply of NAD+.
a)
glucose-6-phosphate
b)
pyruvate
c)
lactate
d)
glycogen
54.
In which of the following metabolic pathways are coenzymes required?
a)
Glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate)
b)
Citric acid cycle
c)
Beta-oxidation (fatty acid breakdown)
d)
Electron transport chain
e)
All of these answers are correct
55.
The niacin coenzyme is reduced (NAD+ → NADH + H+) during
a)
glycolysis.
b)
the pyruvate decarboxylation reaction
c)
the citric acid cycle
d)
All of these choices are accurate
56.
Which meal contains the highest amount of vitamin C?
a)
Hamburger sandwich, french fries, and cola
b)
Meat loaf, mashed potatoes and gravy, and diet cola
c)
Baked fish with lemon, broccoli, cole slaw, and strawberries
d)
Roast beef, carrots, noodles, and coffee
57.
The consumption of a high-protein, high-sodium diet will tend to ________ ion concentration of the urine.
a)
have not effect on
b)
increase
c)
decrease
58.
Women absorb 30%-35% more ethanol directly from the stomach than men because women ________.
a)
have slower rates of gastric emptying
b)
tend to eat more food when consuming alcoholic beverages
c)
have lower amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase in the cells lining the stomach
d)
absorb all substances, including ethanol, more efficiently
59.
Iron is stored in the liver as
a)
hephaestin
b)
heparin
c)
ceruloplasmin
d)
ferritin
60.
The small intestine is divided into three segments. List them in descending order.
a)
Ileum, Jejunum, Duodenum
b)
Jejunum, Ileum, Duodenum
c)
Duodenum, Ileum, Jejunum
d)
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
61.
Phytic acid and oxalic acid ________ the absorption of dietary iron.
a)
increase
b)
decrease
c)
do not have any effect
62.
When body cells need more iron, the number of transferrin receptors on the cell surface
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
remains unchanged
63.
Which group of individuals has the highest requirement for folate?
a)
infants
b)
adolescent males
c)
pregnant women
d)
the elderly
64.
Where does alcohol metabolism predominantly occur in the body?
a)
Intestines
b)
Liver
c)
Kidney
d)
Lungs
65.
Which compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid?
a)
Intracellular compartment
b)
Extracellular compartment
c)
Both compartments contain the same amount of water
66.
Individuals with Wilson's disease over accumulate ________ in the liver and brain
a)
iodine
b)
selenium
c)
copper
d)
manganese
67.
The first symptom of scurvy is
a)
iron-deficiency anemia
b)
sudden hair loss
c)
pinpoint hemorrhages around hair follicles
d)
nerve degeneration
68.
Zinc can induce the synthesis of metallothionein, which
a)
is the primary protein carrier of zinc in the blood.
b)
can hinder the absorption of zinc from the intestinal cell
c)
is the storage form of zinc in the liver
d)
is a zinc-containing enzyme in the antioxidant defense network
69.
All the following are true statements about basal metabolism except ________.
a)
it supports the work that goes on in the body all the time
b)
it is the amount of calories you need to sustain life
c)
it includes involuntary activities necessary to sustain life
d)
it accounts for the smallest component of the average person's daily energy expenditure
70.
In general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via the
a)
Kidneys
b)
Intestine
c)
Lungs
d)
Skin
71.
Villi are found mainly in the ________.
a)
large intestine
b)
small intestine
c)
esophagus
d)
stomach
72.
Oxidation-reduction reactions in the body are controlled by ________.
a)
light and dark cycles
b)
enzymes
c)
fluid balance
d)
protein consumption
73.
Which of the following is a symptom of zinc deficiency?
a)
Megaloblastic anemia
b)
Increased taste sensitivity
c)
Poor wound healing
d)
Cretinism
74.
Which of the following techniques for measuring body composition makes use of small exposures to radiation?
a)
MRI
b)
DEXA
c)
TOBEC
d)
BIA
75.
The energy currency the body uses is ________.
a)
NAD
b)
FAD
c)
TCA
d)
ATP
76.
The coenzyme forms of niacin include
a)
nicotinic acid and nicotinamide.
b)
FAD and FMN
c)
NAD and NADP
d)
ATP and FAD
77.
A deficiency of dietary iodine is characterized by
a)
osteoporosis
b)
goiter
c)
dental caries
d)
decreased glucose tolerance
78.
In most cases the starting material for gluconeogenesis is ________.
a)
oxaloacetate
b)
phosphoenolpyruvate
c)
carnitine
d)
All of these choices are correct
79.
Alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine by ________.
a)
passive diffusion
b)
facilitated diffusion
c)
simple diffusion
d)
active transport
80.
Thiamin should typically be given to an alcoholic patient who has
a)
pellagra
b)
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
c)
pernicious anemia
d)
scurvy
81.
Niacin is necessary in the diet to prevent the disease called
a)
pernicious anemia
b)
beriberi
c)
scurvy.
d)
pellagra.
82.
For most adults, the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for ________.
a)
physical activity
b)
basal metabolism
c)
thermic effect of food
d)
None of these choices are correct
83.
The sodium-potassium pump uses energy to move
a)
potassium ions out of the cell
b)
sodium ions out of the cell
c)
water out of the cell
d)
water into the cell
84.
The gastric secretion pepsin is necessary for ________.
a)
preventing peptic ulcer formation
b)
protein digestion
c)
vitamin B-12 absorption
d)
destruction of harmful bacteria and viruses
85.
Functions of vitamin D include
a)
prevention of scurvy
b)
antioxidant activity
c)
glucose regulation
d)
absorption of calcium
86.
About 73% of lean muscle tissue is
a)
protein
b)
water
c)
calcium
d)
sodium
87.
During the end reaction of the electron transport chain, oxygen becomes ________.
a)
reduced to water (H2O)
b)
oxidized to carbon dioxide
c)
NADH
d)
FADH2
88.
The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA ________.
a)
requires the addition of CO2
b)
occurs in the mitochondria of the cell and is irreversible
c)
occurs in the nucleus of the cell
d)
is needed for red blood cell production
89.
The fluoridation of public drinking water is
a)
responsible for reduction in dental caries in children
b)
an effective means of providing dietary selenium
c)
potentially toxic if an individual drinks 64 oz or more of municipal water per day
d)
mandatory in all states in the U.S
90.
A deficiency of vitamin A often results in
a)
scurvy
b)
night blindness.
c)
insufficient blood clotting.
d)
microcytic anemia.
91.
A positively charged ion located in the intracellular fluid is
a)
sodium
b)
potassium
c)
phosphate
d)
chloride
92.
The major cation in the intracellular fluid is ________, whereas the major anion in the extracellular fluid is ________.
a)
sodium; phosphate
b)
potassium; chloride
c)
sodium; chloride
d)
potassium; phosphate
93.
Alcohol absorption occurs in the ________.
a)
stomach
b)
small intestine
c)
esophagus
d)
stomach and small intestine
94.
Excess amounts of most fat-soluble vitamins are
a)
stored in the liver or adipose tissue.
b)
excreted via the kidneys.
c)
stored in the pancreas.
d)
All of the choices are correct.
95.
Glycolysis is a process involving ________.
a)
synthesis of fatty acids
b)
reactions that convert glucose to glycogen
c)
reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate
d)
reactions that convert glycogen to protein
96.
The force that develops when two solutions, each with a different concentration of solutes, are separated by a semipermeable membrane is
a)
systolic pressure
b)
diastolic pressure
c)
osmotic pressure
d)
atmospheric pressure
97.
Which of the following fluids is classified as extracellular fluid?
a)
tears
b)
Gastrointestinal fluid
c)
Blood plasma
d)
lymph
e)
All of these answers are correct
98.
Urea is a major body waste from
a)
the catabolism of amino acids
b)
the action of the sodium-potassium pump
c)
intracellular fluid
d)
the excretion of minerals by the kidney
99.
The best predictor of your basal metabolic rate is ________.
a)
the rate of nutrient absorption
b)
what you had for breakfast
c)
your lean body mass
d)
environmental temperature
100.
In metabolism, glucose is degraded to CO2 and water. The carbon dioxide is produced in ________.
a)
the red blood cells
b)
the citric acid cycle
c)
glycolysis
d)
the electron transport chain
101.
Which of the following does NOT describe a vitamin?
a)
They are essential organic substances.
b)
They are classified as either fat- or water-soluble.
c)
They are needed in relatively small amounts.
d)
They provide a rich source of energy.
102.
Typical fatty acids cannot be converted to glucose because ________.
a)
they lack sufficient energy
b)
they enter the citric acid cycle at acetyl-CoA and can never reform pyruvate
c)
they can only be synthesized from amino acid skeletons, not fatty acid skeletons
d)
they enter the citric acid cycle as propionyl-CoA
103.
The enzyme superoxide dismutase contains both copper and zinc. The function of this enzyme is
a)
to decrease serum cholesterol levels
b)
to protect an individual from developing night blindness
c)
to act as a scavenger of free radicals, thus protecting the lipid components of the cell
d)
to prevent GI reflux and symptoms of heartburn
104.
The coenzyme form of riboflavin is
a)
TPP
b)
ATP
c)
FAD
d)
NAD
105.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) ________.
a)
transports oxygen in various metabolic pathways
b)
picks up and delivers hydrogens to acceptor molecules
c)
is another form of ATP
d)
is a form of lactic acid
106.
Vitamin E functions to
a)
turn visual light into nerve signals to the brain
b)
protect phospholipids in cell membranes from damage by free radicals
c)
enhance the absorption of calcium from the small intestine
d)
All of these choices are accurate
107.
The highest rate of weight-loss success and maintenance among people with morbid obesity is seen with ________.
a)
very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs)
b)
jaw wiring
c)
gastroplasty
d)
commercial weight-loss programs
108.
Which nutrient increases the absorption of non-heme iron by reducing ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+)?
a)
Vitamin A
b)
Vitamin C
c)
Vitamin E
d)
Vitamin D
109.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is a _______ deficiency disease that results from severe alcohol abuse.
a)
Vitamin A
b)
thiamin
c)
niacin
d)
vitamin b-12
110.
The vitamin that prevents beriberi is
a)
vitamin B-12
b)
riboflavin
c)
niacin
d)
thiamin
111.
Which of the following B-vitamins is found in the widest variety of foods (i.e., different food groups such as vegetables, grains, meat)?
a)
Vitamin C
b)
Vitamin B-12
c)
Pantothenic acid
d)
All of these choices are accurate
112.
When a semipermeable membrane separates two bodies of fluid
a)
water can pass through the membrane
b)
dissolved particles can pass through the membrane
c)
water cannot pass through the membrane
d)
None of these choices are accurate
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