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WorksheetsOHMS Life Science Genetics Vocabulary Review
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins
A characteristic of an organism that can be passed down from generation to generation.
genotype
pedigree
phenotype
trait
A complex molecule (double helix - “twisted staircase”) that carries the code for organisms’ traits, which is passed on from generation to generation.
allele
carrier
DNA
trait
A section (or sections) of DNA that codes for an organism’s trait. It is sometimes represented in models using a specific color within a section of DNA.
allele
chromosome
gene
trait
Different versions of the same gene. It is represented in models using different colors of genes or by capital / lowercase letters.
chromosome
genotype
meiosos
When DNA strands are tightly wound up so the DNA does not get tangled when not being used by the cell. Chromosomes are usually represented in models with an “x” shape.
asexual reproduction
chromosome
genotype
Punnett square
A type of reproduction where the offspring are identical to the parent. This means that the offspring is usually a clone of the parent.
carrier
pedigree
sexual
A type of reproduction where the offspring are not identical to the parents, as their DNA comes from two parents. In order for reproduction to occur, fertilization between a sperm cell (male) and an egg cell (female) must take place.
asexual
carrier
pedigree
sexual
When a sperm cell combines with an egg cell. Because sperm and egg cells each only have half of their complete DNA set, they combine to form a full set of DNA. Fertilization can occur internally or externally.
genotype
meiosis
DNA
The combination of alleles that an organism inherits. It is represented by capital or lowercase letters.
carrier
genotype
phenotype
trait
The actual trait is displayed (expressed) in an organism.
carrier
genotype
phenoytpe
trait
A trait that is expressed even if the organism only inherits one copy of that gene.
allele
boss trait
dominant trait
recessive trait
A trait that is expressed only if the organism inherits two copies of the gene.
allele
boss trait
dominant trait
recessive trait
When an organism inherits two different alleles for a trait.
diffozygous
Heterozygous
Homozygous
videozygous
When an organism inherits two of the same alleles for a trait.
Heterozygous
Phenozygous
Samozygous
An organism that has a recessive gene, but does not express that gene’s trait.
Homozygous
genotype
mitosis
A model showing the probability of an offspring receiving a specific trait from its parents - based on the parents’ genotypes.
asexual reproduction
histogram
pedigree chart
Punnett square
A model showing which members within a family tree express or carry a trait.
histogram
line graph
pedigree
Punnett square
A type of cell division that results in two (2) daughter cells, each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Meiosis
Mitosis
sexual reproduction
Spontaneous generation
A special type of cell division that results in four (4) daughter cells, each having half (½) the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
asexual reproduction
Meiosis
Mitosis
spontaneous combustion
An allele that can be hidden, or "masked" by another allele.
trait
Different forms of a gene that can be dominant or recessive
chromosomes
alleles
hybrid crosses
Having two of the same alleles of a gene. Example: BB
homozygous
heterozygous
Having two different alleles of a gene. Example: Bb
Heterozygous
Homozygous
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square
Tt
Which organelle(part of the cell) is DNA usually found in?
cell membrane
vacuole
chloroplast
nucleus
Objective #13
On a pedigree how do we know if they have the trait?
Not shaded
Shaded
What is the probability of heterozygous offspring?
0%
100%
50%
25%
What is a phenotype?
The genetic make up (code or letters)
The physical appearance of a gene
What are alleles?
Different versions of a gene
The physical appearance of a trait
A type of chromosome
Cells involved in reproduction
What does the term "genotype" refer to?
The physical appearance of an organism
The genetic makeup of an organism
A type of genetic disorder
The study of genes
What is the purpose of a Punnett Square?
To determine the genotype of an organism
To predict the outcome of genetic crosses
To identify recessive traits
To study cell division
What defines a dominant trait?
A trait that is always recessive
A trait that is masked by another trait
A trait that appears even if an organism has only one allele for it
A trait that appears only if an organism has two alleles for it
What is a recessive trait?
A trait that appears even if an organism has only one allele for it
A trait that appears only when an organism has two alleles for it
A dominant trait
A trait that cannot be inherited
What does it mean if an organism is heterozygous for a trait?
It has two identical alleles for a trait
It has two different alleles for a trait
It cannot inherit the trait
It has no alleles for the trait
What does it mean if an organism is homozygous for a trait?
It has two different alleles for a trait
It has no alleles for the trait
It has two identical alleles for a trait
It cannot inherit the trait
What are chromosomes?
Structures that carry genetic information
Cells that divide during mitosis
The physical appearance of an organism
The genetic makeup of an organism
Which of the following is true about dominant alleles?
They are always the most common allele in a population
They require two copies to be expressed
They can mask the presence of recessive alleles
They are never expressed in the phenotype
In a Punnett Square, what does a capital letter represent?
A recessive allele
A dominant allele
A homozygous genotype
A heterozygous genotype
In a Punnett Square, what does a capital letter represent?
A recessive allele
A dominant allele
A homozygous genotype
A heterozygous genotype
If a pea plant has a genotype of Tt, where "T" is the allele for tall plants and "t" is the allele for short plants, what is its phenotype?
Short
Tall
Medium
Cannot be determined
If a trait is dominant, it will be expressed if the individual has how many dominant alleles?
2
1
0
It depends on the trait
