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Earth Science Study Guide - Aiyanna Moses

Total questions: 56

Worksheet time: 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.

a)

Constant Variable

b)

Independent Variable

c)

Experimental Group

d)

Dependent Variable

2.

The variables that stay the same in the experiment.

a)

Constant Variable

b)

Control Group

c)

Independent Variable

d)

Dependent Variable

3.

The variable that is observed or measured.

a)

Independent Variable

b)

Dependent Variable

c)

Constant Variable

d)

Experimental Group

4.

In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment,

a)

Constant Variable

b)

Control Group

c)

Experimental Group

d)

Independent Variable

5.

The variable that is manipulated or (or changed); the variable whose effect is being studied.

a)

Constant Variable

b)

Dependent Variable

c)

Control Group

d)

Independent Variable

6.

The center of the Earth is full of iron-rich material (Iron-Nickel Alloy) and forms a what?

a)

A solid sphere

b)

A semi-liquid

c)

Liquid rock

d)

All of the above

7.

A region of partially melted rock under the lithosphere is known as the

a)

Magnetosphere

b)

Asthneosphere

c)

Outer core

d)

Inner core

8.

What layer of the atmosphere contains the Ozone Layer?

a)

Thermosphere

b)

Troposphere

c)

Stratosphere

d)

Mesosphere

9.

A measure of water in the atmosphere is known as what?

a)

Humidity

b)

Barometric Pressure

c)

Adiabatic Cooling

d)

Super cooling

10.

Look at the one on the right side. If you lived in the Southern Hemisphere, the diagram is showing which season.

a)

Spring

b)

Summer

c)

Winter

d)

Autumn

11.

The process by which a gas such as water vapor becomes a liquid?

a)

Transpiration

b)

Condensation

c)

Evaporation

d)

Sublimation

12.

Mountains are created when

a)

Two oceanic plates pull apart

b)

Two continental plates collide

c)

An oceanic plate subducts under a continental plate

d)

Two continental plates pull apart

13.

All of the following are terrestrial planets except

a)

Earth

b)

Neptune

c)

Venus

d)

Mars

14.

An example of a Benthos organism is

a)

Whale

b)

Lobster

c)

Clown fish

d)

Dolphin

15.

The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are located

a)

at mid ocean ridges

b)

near continents

c)

near asia

d)

far from mid ocean ridges

16.

the only layer of the earth's interior that is liquid is the

a)

mantle

b)

Outer core

c)

Inner core

d)

crust

17.

Scientists have observed that the continents move at speeds of a few centimeters per

a)

century

b)

decade

c)

year

d)

day

18.

What is the driving force that causes the continents and tectonic plates to move?

a)

earthquakes

b)

volcanoes

c)

Lunar gravity pulling the continents

d)

Convection currents in the mantle

19.

The image shows 4 rock outcrops from different continents. In each outcrop are several fossils. Out of the fossils labeled with a capital letter, which letter corresponds with an index fossil?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

20.

According to the Law of Superposition, rocks formed on the top layer are ______ than the rocks below.

a)

Older

b)

Younger

c)

The same age

21.

What type of fossil is formed when minerals replace the remains of an organism and they become like rock?

a)

Petrified

b)

Trace

c)

Index

d)

Mold

22.

Where does the independent variable go on a graph?

a)

A-axis

b)

Y-axis

c)

X-axis

d)

B-axis

23.

Which atmosphere layer prevents meteriods from reaching Earth's surface?

a)

Stratosphere

b)

Mesosphere

c)

Thermosphere

d)

Troposphere

24.

What percentage of water on Earth is fresh?

a)

3%

b)

1%

c)

25%

d)

75%

25.

According to the law superposition, which statement is supported by the diagram?

a)

Layer C is the oldest

b)

Layer B is younger than layer D

c)

Layer C is older than layer A

d)

Layer D is the youngest layer

26.

which statement explains what similar fossils found on distant continents suggest about Earth's history?

a)

Animals have evolved over time

b)

The continents have moved over time

c)

Earth's oceans had varying salt content through time

d)

There have been many animals on Earth that are now extinct

27.

Which evidence suggest that several mass extinctions have occurred during Earth's history?

a)

Many fossils demonstrate that organisms have changed over time

b)

Fossils provide information about water level and temperature

c)

Fossils of the same species have been found on distant continents

d)

Many fossils or organisms that are no longer living have been discovered

28.

Convergent plate boundaries produce what?

a)

Elastic

b)

Compression

c)

Tension

d)

Shear

29.

Divergent plate boundaries produce

a)

Elastic

b)

Tension

c)

Compression

d)

Shear

30.

Transform plate boundaries produce

a)

Tension

b)

Shear

c)

Elastic

d)

Compression

31.

The first step in forming sedimentary rocks is what?

a)

Cementation and compaction

b)

Pressure

c)

Depostion

d)

Erosion/Weathering

32.

Intrusive Igneous rocks are formed by what?

a)

Cooling air

b)

Cooling lava

c)

Cooling magma

d)

Cooling water

33.

The Jurassic Period is known as the age of what?

a)

Fish

b)

Dinosaurs

c)

Invertebrates

d)

Hominids

34.

How many oceans are there on Earth?

a)

4

b)

5

c)

3

d)

1

35.

Which of the following is repsonsible for increasing salinity in the ocean?

a)

Evaporation

b)

Sea ice formation

c)

Neither of these answers

d)

Evaporation and Sea ice formation

36.

Sinking colder polar water moves slowly in deep water towards equator.

a)

Turbidity currents

b)

Surface currents

c)

Deep currents

d)

Eqatorial currents

37.

All of the following are Gas Giants Except:

a)

Saturn

b)

Mars

c)

Uranus

d)

Jupiter

38.

What were the two gases produced from the Big Bang that lead to the birth of stars?

a)

Hydrogen and Oxygen

b)

Hydrogen and Helium

c)

Helium and Oxygen

d)

Oxygen and Nitrogen

39.

The theory that states that the Universe was created from a dense hot bubble and its explosion is known as

a)

Creation

b)

Astronomy

c)

The Big Bang

d)

Hyperextension

40.

The process in which energy speeds up and compresses atoms to form new atoms is called?

a)

Nuclear fusion

b)

Molecules

c)

Exhaust

d)

The nitrogen cycel

41.

What is the most catastrophic type of star death?

a)

Red Giant

b)

White Dwarf

c)

Super Nova

d)

Center Collapse

42.

The middle portion of an H-R Diagram where moststars are placed is called the

a)

Main sequence

b)

super giants

c)

white dwarfs

d)

super novas

43.

The H-R Diagram Graphs stars based off of

a)

Light and color

b)

Temperature and luminosity

c)

Color and location to Earth

d)

Size and Gases Produced

44.

Which type of boundary occurs at X?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

45.

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth's layers?

a)

Mantle, outer core, inner core, crust

b)

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

c)

Inner core, outer core, crust, mantle

d)

Outer core, inner core, crust mantle

46.

How do pressure and temperature change as you move toward the center of the Earth?

a)

Pressure increase and temperature decreases

b)

Both pressure and temperature decreases

c)

Pressure decreases and temperature increases

d)

Both pressure and temperature increase

47.

The idea proposed by Alfred Wegener that explain the continental shapes and positions were indication that made them once a "supercontinent" is known as

a)

Pangaea

b)

Plate tectonics

c)

Continental drift

d)

sea floor spreading

48.

Which of the following is NOT evidence for continental drift?

a)

Fossils

b)

Rock similarities

c)

climate changes

d)

fossil fuels

49.

Tim believed that fertilizer will help a plant grow taller. He planted 2 pots with the same plant in each clay pot. Each plant received the same amount of water, the same amount of soil, the same amount of sunlight. In one pot, he added fertilizer. For five weeks, he measured and recorded the height of the plant in each pot. Which of the following is the dependent variable in this experiment?

a)

plant height

b)

Type of plant

c)

water

d)

fertilzer

50.

Tori wanted to know if the amount of water would affect the time it takes for a bean seed to germinate. She placed 4 bean seeds in each cup, containing the same type of soil. They were placed on the same windowsill. Each cup was given different amounts of water. She recorded the amount of time it took for the seeds to germinate. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

a)

number of bean seeds

b)

Amount of water

c)

amount of sunlight

d)

time to germinate

51.

What percentage of water on Earth is salt water?

a)

3%

b)

97%

c)

25%

d)

1%

52.

The word Benthos means

a)

"walking"

b)

"bottom"

c)

"wandering"

d)

"swimming"

53.

The word Planktos means

a)

"walking"

b)

"wandering"

c)

"bottom"

d)

"swimming"

54.

The word Nekton means

a)

"wandering"

b)

"walking"

c)

"Swimming"

d)

"bottom"

55.

All Terrestrial planets are

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Earth

d)

Mars

e)

Jupiter

56.

All of the Gas planets are

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Neptune

d)

Uranus

e)

Mercury