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Evolution of Populations

Total questions: 45

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

When investigating shell color of a species of snail found only in a remote area seldom visited by humans, scientists discovered the distribution of individuals that is shown in the graph in Figure 11.1. Based on the information shown in the graph, what form of selection is the snail population undergoing?

a)

stabilizing selection

b)

disruptive selection

c)

artificial selection

d)

directional selection

2.

Which type of natural selection shown in Figure 11-3 favors average individuals?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

3.

Which type of natural selection shown in Figure 11-3 would favor giraffes that need to reach the tallest branches to eat?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

4.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection and evolution?

a)

natural selection results from evolution

b)

natural selection includes evolution as a part of it

c)

natural selection is one mechanism of evolution

d)

natural selection and evolution are the same thing

5.

A population diverges and becomes reproductively isolated. Which of the following is the best description of that phenomenon?

a)

speciation

b)

bottleneck

c)

postzygotic isolation

d)

sexual selection

6.

A measure of how commonly a particular allele occurs in a population is known as the

a)

gene pool

b)

allele frequency

c)

mutation rate

d)

phenotype

7.

Genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene. This change is called a(n)

a)

mutation

b)

gene flow

c)

gene pool

d)

allele

8.

In a population of birds, intermediate beak size is selected against, and both very small and very large beak sizes are favored. What type of selection is this an example of?

a)

directional

b)

disruptive

c)

normal

d)

stabilizing

9.

An earthquake causes an ocean channel to open up on an island where a low area previously existed. The island's lizard population is not separated on the two parts of the island, providing an example of

a)

geographic isolation

b)

behavioral isolation

c)

disruptive selection

d)

temporal isolation

10.

What kind of isolation occurs when two populations of birds have different courtship dances?

a)

geographic

b)

sexual

c)

temporal

d)

behavioral

11.
What do you call all of the genes in a population?
a)
Gene pool
b)
Relative Frequency
c)
Genetic Drift
d)
Allele pool
12.
The measure of how common an allele is in a population is known as ___________.
a)
Allele Combination
b)
Allele Frequency
c)
Gene Pool
d)
Genotypic Frequency
13.
Many members of one species in an area
a)
ecosystem
b)
community
c)
biodiversity
d)
population
14.
In the past, individuals in a population of seed eating birds had a wide variety of beak sizes. After many generations, the birds either have small beaks or large beaks, but medium size beaks are absent. If the number of birds with each beak size was graphed which example would it look like?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
15.
A chance occurrence that negatively affects a population because the population is small.
a)
genetic drift
b)
mutation
c)
speciation
d)
migration
16.
The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called
a)
the Hardy-Weinberg principle
b)
the founder effect
c)
directional selection
d)
the bottleneck effect
17.

What are sources of genetic variation in most populations?

a)

mutations

b)

genetic recombination

c)

mutations and genetic recombination

d)

mutations and migrations

18.
Disruptive selection will favor...
a)
extreme traits.
b)
average traits.
c)
one phenotype over another.
19.
What type of selection?
a)
Directional 
b)
Stabilizing
c)
Disruptive
20.
What is speciation?
a)
  The process by which populations become geographically isolated
b)
The process in which reproductively isolated populations evolve to become distinct species
c)
The process in which reproductively isolated populations do not evole
d)
None of these
21.
Which of the following conditions is likely to result in speciation?
a)
random mating
b)
small population size
c)
lack of mutations
d)
absence of natural selection 
22.
A situation in which a population's allele frequencies remain relatively constant is called?
a)
polygenic traits
b)
gene pool
c)
genetic variation
d)
genetic equilibrium
23.
Survival and reproduction of individuals best suited to their environment?
a)
single-gene trait
b)
polygenic trait
c)
adaptation
d)
fitness
24.
A random change in a small population's allele frequency is known as?
a)
gene pool
b)
genetic drift
c)
variation
d)
"music plays"
25.
A small number of birds, blown off course during migration, find an island and colonize it. This population will most likely experience genetic drift as a result of the
a)
 founder effect
b)
bottleneck effect
c)
sexual selection
d)
mutations
26.
 Mutations are important because they bring about 
a)
death of the organism in which they develop. 
b)
 genetic variation needed for a population to evolve. 
c)
 benefits for the individual, but not for the population. 
d)
 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within a population.
27.
Which of the following examples illustrates a temporal barrier to mating between populations?
a)
 Populations of the same species of seal live on islands too far apart to swim between them for mating.
b)
Species of birds have elaborate courtship dances, and females select the best dancers as mates.
c)
Varieties of oak tree produce pollen during different seasons, so they can’t pollinate one another.
d)
Herds of caribou misinterpret each other’s mating behavior, so they fight instead of mating.
28.
Which condition would help maintain genetic equilibrium?
a)
natural selection
b)
mutation
c)
emigration
d)
large population
29.

All cheetahs can trace their DNA to a group of 12-15 individuals that survived a population crash 10,000 years ago. This is an example of..

a)

bottleneck effect

b)

founder effect

c)

temporal effect

d)

behavioral effect

30.
What is convergent evolution?
a)
evolution toward similar traits in unrelated species
b)
evolution toward different traits in closely related species
c)
elimination of a species from Earth
d)
the rise of two or more species from one existing species
31.

Two organisms change in response to each other forming a specialized relationship.

a)

Coevolution

b)

Convergent Evolution

c)

Gradualism

d)

Extinction

32.
What type of reproductive barrier separates species because one mates at dawn and the other at dusk?
a)
Habitat Isolation
b)
Behavioral Isolation
c)
Temporal Isolation
d)
Embryo Isolation
33.
A flash flood carried a raft of Amazon ants away from their original population. There is enough distance between the two groups, that they will never meet in nature again. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
temporal isolation 
c)
gametic isolation
d)
geographic isolation 
34.

Which of these is a condition that must be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

a)

extremely small population size

b)

no natural selection

c)

gene flow

d)

nonrandom mating

35.

What does p stand for?

a)

dominant allele

b)

recessive allele

c)

homozygous dominant

d)

homozygous recessive

e)

heterozygous

36.

In generation 1, the recessive allele has a frequency of 0.6 and in generation 40, the recessive phenotype has a frequency of 0.36. Is the population is Hardy-Weinberg?

a)

No, the frequency changed from one generation to another.

b)

Yes, the frequency changed from one generation to another

c)

No, the frequency remained the same from one generation to another

d)

Yes, the frequency remained the same from one generation to another

37.

If there are 400 red flowers, 200 pink flowers, and 100 white flowers. Solve for the frequency of the dominant allele.

a)

0.76

b)

0.86

c)

0.57

d)

0.71

38.

If there are 400 red flowers, 200 pink flowers, and 100 white flowers. Solve for the frequency of the recessive allele.

a)

0.28

b)

0.14

c)

0.38

d)

0.42

39.

If the frequency of recessive allele is 0.2, what is the frequency of the homozygous recessive individuals?

a)

0.04

b)

0.16

c)

0.4

d)

0.8

40.
In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, q2 is the frequency of what?
a)
The recessive allele 
b)
the dominant allele
c)
the recessive genotype
d)
the dominant genotype
41.
The Hardy-Weinberg Model is...
a)
available at local hobby stores and retailers throughout the Greater Tazewell area.
b)
a mathematical tool that biologists can use to predict allele frequencies and determine whether or not evolution is occurring within a population.
c)
always occurring within individual organisms in nature.
d)
only useful in the lab and cannot be practically applied to real-world populations of organisms.  
42.
A population of 150 individuals has an allele frequency of 0.3 for the dominant allele (B) and a frequency of 0.7 for the recessive allele (b). Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine the frequency of the genotype (bb).
a)
0.09
b)
0.42
c)
0.49
d)
0.21
43.

The allele frequency of p=.20 What is the percentage of Heterozygous Dominant genotype?

a)

.80

b)

.04

c)

.32

d)

.64

44.

The allele frequency of p=.20 What is the percentage of recessive genotype?

a)

.80

b)

.04

c)

.32

d)

.64

45.

The allele frequency of p=.20 What is q?

a)

.80

b)

.04

c)

.32

d)

.64

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