the surrender of territory to Germany in order to end Russia's participation in WWI

the policy of taking land from the boyars and giving it to tenant farmers throughout Russia

the attempts by communists to improve the production of food on the Russian steppes

the need of Russia to acquire additional territories in order to become self-sufficient in raw materials

too many rich, well educated professionals

a lack of available workers/labor

most goods were made by the domestic system/cottage industries

a lack of raw materials/resources

Mensheviks

Bolsheviks

nobles/boyars

Russia's former WWI allies, the British, French, US

a communist Russian

Lenin's political party

a person in the Soviet Union

a council made up of soldiers, farmers, and workers

military technology had exceeded the boundaries of common sense and safety

naval strength was not as important as army strength

peace at all costs was the best foreign policy

armed strength should be honored and glorified as a way to solve problems

deciding to enter WWI

getting rid of Kerensky and the Duma

getting rid of the Czar

improving the lives and privileges of the middle class

a force which unites people of a common ethnicity, language, and culture

a need for freedom from the dominance of other societies

a belief that one's culture or nation is superior to others

a desire to keep the current conditions/ways from changing

France

Italy

Great Britain

Germany

the system of alliances

militarism

imperialism

nationalism

due to policies related to appeasement which failed to stop aggressive actions

due to Slavic nationalism in the Balkans of Eastern Europe

because collective security was used to stop nations who were expansionist

because the United Nations used its power to defend the Allied powers in western Europe

Mensheviks

liberals

Bolsheviks

nobles

supported a totally democratic government

supported the Mensheviks socialist system

supported the autocracy of the Czar

supported the Bolsheviks communist revolution

to use force to punish a member that failed to act as a righteous and civilized nation

as a result of the Treaty of Frankfurt

to make an alliance amongst nations for the purpose of mutual defense

to maintain peace and international security by discussing conflicts and resolutions to avoid war

gain new resources

show their power

learn about other cultures

spreading their greatness

sphere of influence

colony

protectorate

social darwinism

between China and Japan over the control of Korean raw materials and markets

the US and Japan over opening coastal trade ports and markets for American goods

due to the British selling opium to the Japanese

between Russia and Japan over control of Vietnam

Italy received Venetia

Portugal received the eastern hemisphere

Uzbeks did not invade Kazakhstan

Japan placed a protectorate over Korea

liberal movement

autocratic movement

nationalistic movement

socialistic movement

feudalism

constitutional monarchy

autocracy

absolute monarchy

imperialism to gain new markets

imperialism in order to convert natives to Christianity

imperialism in order to prove national superiority

imperialism in order to gain raw materials

the Meiji government passed laws which persecuted the samurai

foreign nations attacked Japan causing a peasant revolution

samurai wanted to modernize Japan while Shoguns did not

Japan owed China a huge indemnity which caused a rebellion over increased taxes

Islam

Hinduism

Christianity

Judaism

was a meeting of 8 very powerful European nations which divided Africa among themselves

was the official/legal South African government meeting that led to a policy that racially separated colonists from Native Africans

ended a war between the British and the Boers

settled the Russo-Japanese War

both were responsible for inventing new machines for mass production

both used government subsidies to start new businesses which would use Mass production techniques

both had vast raw material resources needed for mechanization

both first used mechanization in the textile industry to make

colony

sphere of influence

condominium

democracy

happened, in part, because the British used animal fat/oils to coat paper packaging

was the French effort to end Mughal rule using Hindu soldiers

was an attempt by Pakistan to stop India's support of the Muslim League

occurred due to British anger at the lack of literacy among native troops

lost territory to the Chinese rebels

gained a protectorate over Manchuria

annexed Korea

collected tariffs for the Chinese government

the poem was used as a reason/justification for European nations to conquer others to gain markets in which to sell goods

this poem was used as a reason/justification for culturally dominating non-European people

Europeans felt people in Asia, Africa, and the Americas were "inferior"

the poem states that Europeans had a duty/responsibility to "improve" the culture of native peoples outside of Europe

the first Europeans who arrived in northern Africa

the Japanese taking over Korea

Bantu African tribes migrating into southern Africa

Boers establishing three new colonies in the interior part of southern Africa

overthrow the government and control all the factors of production

create a democracy for only the proletariat

redistribute the wealth obtained through profit to the working class

eliminate motives for crime in order to eliminate the need for government

the number of goods made by producers at a given price

the number of products consumers want

the amount of product sold by merchants at a given price

the amount of goods made by a producer

communism

socialism

capitalism

liberalism

the government is made less effective by increasing limits on its power

business profits decrease due to policies that improve working class wages

the entrepreneurs' make nearly unlimited profits at the expense of the working class

religious freedoms are taken away by the government

are organizations of working class people in one business or industry to bargain for better wages and working conditions

are an association of producers/business owners who negotiate to control the working conditions in factories and mines

help business owners by keeping costs down on manufactured products

are used to make the rules regarding the discipline of workers who refuse to obey supervisors in factories

an ultra-conservative movement to return to a time in the past

an attempt to reform the factory system and improve living and working conditions

a political belief in the rule of law, participation in government, and individual rights like freedom of speech

a philosophy in which people surrender their rights to the government to receive protection

helps increase working class wages at the expense of the wealthy and middle class

produces goods of high quality and low cost

was created by John Stuart Mill to help British entrepreneurs

will lead to vastly improved number of good produced

promotes the threatening, violent overthrow of government to make economic changes

believes in total, laissez-faire form of economy in a nation

is the idea the=at the middle class has been exploited, so changes must be made to government

is a theory which states that the government needs to take a more active role in a nation's economy

labor

raw materials

machinery and equipment

land

prove dominance over those neighbors

gain much needed raw materials

gain much needed markets

unify peoples of a common culture and ethnicity to be free

sells stock to make a profit

was created to be able to purchase expensive technology

always achieves a profit after the sale of its products

elects managers to determine business policies

an organization of workers in one business/industry who join together to bargain for better wages and working conditons

a work stoppage by workers to hurt their employer in an attempt to improve wages and working conditions

a process by which an employer disciplines workers who break the rules in the workplace

a policy of always rejecting attempts by management of a corporation to change workplace rules and regulations

an agreement between Garibaldi and Cavour to establish the Kingdom of Italy

the invasion of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies by Garibaldi

the referendum/plebiscite of 1861 in each independent Italian state on the issue of unification

the defeat of the Austrians by Cavour of Sardinia

government should be freely elected in order to impose limits/controls

government grants natural rights to its people

government has absolute control of its citizens

government adopts all enlightenment principles

Thomas Hobbes

Immanuel Kant

Baron Charles de Secondat du Montesquieu

Gillbert Perrault

dictatorship

feudalism

republican democracy

absolutism

the power sources used for factories changed during the 18th and 19th century

the earliest factories were made in the textile or clothing manufacturing

workers needed education and literacy to work in factories

the expensive new machines/technology forced factories to be created bringing machines and workers together in a building

increased due to the need to find more markets for cheap machine made goods

decreased due to the low wages earned by the working class

decreased due to the popularity of good produced by the domestic system

increased due to the need for businesses to borrow money to buy expensive machines

Theocracy

Parliamentary Democracy

Dictatorship

Direct Democracy

absolute monarchy

dictatorship

republican democracy

autocracy

money

land, tools, and equipment

labor, raw materials, and land

money, raw materials, equipment, and power source/fuel

was a war strategy created to encircle an opponent's forces during the 19th century

was the creation of machines, like tractors, which could cultivate lands faster

created more areas of land in which to build cities and urban areas

occurred when public lands were purchased by gentry and fenced off to put more lands to use

the supply of finished, custom made goods could barely meet the demand

finished goods produced were of extremely high quality and low cost

finished goods were produced in the private homes of craftsmen

skilled craftsmen were employed in order to produce finished goods

Belgium

Russia

Britain

France

many people and Parliament feared England would be converted back to Roman Catholicism in a harsh way

Parliament feared a return to absolute monarchy

the gentry/business people did not like James II's tax policies

nobles were afraid James II would seize their lands if England went to war with France

Baron de Monstesquieu

John Locke

Socrates

Thomas Hobbes

a reduction in crime due to better economic policies proposed by liberal governments

less wars were fought during the Age of Discovery

more food was produced due to the enclosure movement

better personal hygiene habits learned as a result of the Scientific Revolution

the nation possessed many workers and canals

the nation had vast colonial possessions

the nation had a very large merchant and naval fleet

the nation had a government that supported business

many people are involved in decision-making

a person or small group seizes control of the government by force

laws are made by the aristocracy

a person is selected by a monarch to govern on a daily basis

contracts made between producers and their suppliers

shares of stock sold to the government by a corporation

profits distributed to shareholders in a corporation

workers or laborers as named by Karl Marx

because the right to own property belongs to everyone

because the laws of economics should be judged by their usefulness

because people do not act in their own self-interest

because people could not exist without conducting some type of economic activity

the working class people of Russia in the 19th century

a legislature created by Nicholas II

a policy which punished ethnic minorities in Russia

a weapon used by Russia in WWI

has virtually no raw materials/natural resources

is prone to widespread diseases and viruses

has one crop growing season

has many warm-water ports from which to trade

reason for the disunity of Slavs in southern Europe

idea that Slavs are a threat to peace in western Europe

concept that Slavs are considered an inferior ethnic group by Eastern Europeans

belief that Russia should unite all Slavic people under its control

an act committed by the Fascists under Mussolini

was blamed on Communists in Germany

the event which ended Lenin's New economic Policy/NEP

the cause for Jewish people to be persecuted in Germany

different in how they would achieve their goals

united in wanting massive changes to the German society

similar in the use of violence to achieve their political goals

united in wanting to seize private property and businesses

right-wing extremist

right of center

moderate/centrist

left of center

the tsar never thought Germany would attack

Germany was more militarized

Russia was not properly industrialized

All of the above