allows for the movement of the wrist and hand

protects nerves and blood vessels at the elbow

supports trunk of body

allows for movements of the ankle and foot

consists of 126 bones

forms the vertical axis of the body

includes all bones of the body trunk and limbs

includes only the bones of the lower limbs

parietal bone

zygomatic bone

maxillary bone

lacrimal bone

frontal bone

occipital bone

other parietal bone

temporal bone

1. is bounded anteriorly by the petrous ridge

1. is bounded anteriorly by the petrous ridge

is divided at the midline by a small area of the ethmoid bone

1. has the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum

1. air-filled spaces found within the frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones only

1. air-filled spaces found within all bones of the skull

1. not connected to the nasal cavity

1. divided at the midline by the nasal septum

1. sella turcica

1. squamous portion

1. glabella

1. zygomatic process

1. carotid canal, which is located in the anterior cranial fossa

1. superior orbital fissure, which is located at the superior margin of the anterior orbit

1. mental foramen, which is located just below the orbit

1. hypoglossal canal, which is located in the posterior cranial fossa

1. seven vertebrae

1. 12 vertebrae

1. five vertebrae

1. a single bone derived from the fusion of five vertebrae

1. include the lumbar curve

1. are remnants of the original fetal curvature

1. include the cervical curve

1. develop after the time of birth

1. a vertebral foramen that passes through the body

1. a superior articular process that projects downward to articulate with the superior portion of the next lower vertebra

1. lamina that spans between the transverse process and spinous process

1. a pair of laterally projecting spinous processes

1. a short, rounded spinous process

1. a bifid spinous process

1. articulation sites for ribs

1. a transverse foramen

1. nuchal ligament

1. ligamentum flavum

1. supraspinous ligament

1. anterior longitudinal ligament

1. consists of only two parts, the manubrium and xiphoid process

1. has the sternal angle located between the manubrium and body

1. receives direct attachments from the costal cartilages of all 12 pairs of ribs

1. articulates directly with the thoracic vertebrae

1. junction between the body and xiphoid process

1. site for attachment of the clavicle

1. site for attachment of the floating ribs

1. junction between the manubrium and body

1. is for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

1. is for articulation with the body of a thoracic vertebra

1. provides for passage of blood vessels and a nerve

1. is the area of greatest rib curvature

1. ribs 8–12

1. attached via their costal cartilage to the next higher rib

1. made entirely of bone, and thus do not have a costal cartilage

1. attached via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

1. intramembranous ossification, which forms the facial bones.

1. endochondral ossification, which forms the ribs and sternum

1. the notochord, which produces the cartilage models for the vertebrae

1. the formation of hyaline cartilage models, which give rise to the flat bones of the skull

1. is the cartilage model for a vertebra that later is converted into bone

1. gives rise to the facial bones and vertebrae

1. is the rod-like structure that runs the length of the early embryo

1. is the area of fibrous connective tissue found at birth between the brain case bones

1. shaft

1. sternal end

1. acromial end

1. coracoid process

1. glenohumeral joint

1. costoclavicular joint

1. acromioclavicular joint

1. sternoclavicular joint

1. suprascapular notch

1. glenoid cavity

1. superior angle

1. supraspinous fossa

1. acromion

1. coracoid process

1. supraglenoid tubercle

1. glenoid cavity

1. acromial process

1. clavicle

1. coracoid process

1. glenoid fossa

20

30

40

60

1. greater tubercle

1. trochlea

1. lateral epicondyle

1. lesser tubercle

1. trochlea

1. styloid process

1. capitulum

1. olecranon process

1. trapezium

1. hamate

1. pisiform

1. scaphoid

1. is found on the medial side of the forearm

1. has a head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

1. does not articulate with any of the carpal bones

1. has the radial tuberosity located near its distal end

2

3

4

5

1. ilium

1. pubis

1. ischium

1. sacrum

1. iliac crest

1. ischial tuberosity

1. ischiopubic ramus

1. pubic body

1. inferior pubic ramus and ischial ramus

1. pectineal line and arcuate line

1. lesser sciatic notch and greater sciatic notch

1. anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spine

1. has a subpubic angle that is larger in females

1. consists of the two hip bones, but does not include the sacrum or coccyx

1. has an obturator foramen, an opening that is defined in part by the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

1. has a space located inferior to the pelvic brim called the greater pelvis

1. fovea capitis

1. lesser trochanter

1. head

1. medial condyle

1. lateral malleolus of the fibula

1. tibial tuberosity

1. medial condyle of the tibia

1. lateral epicondyle of the femur

1. calcaneus

1. cuboid

1. navicular

1. talus

7

14

26

30

1. has an expanded distal end called the lateral malleolus

1. is not a weight-bearing bone

1. is firmly anchored to the fibula by an interosseous membrane

1. can be palpated (felt) under the skin only at its proximal and distal ends

1. appearance of the upper and lower limb buds

1. flattening of the distal limb bud into a paddle shape

1. the first appearance of hyaline cartilage models of future bones

1. the rotation of the limbs

1. a primary ossification center will develop within the epiphysis

1. mesenchyme will differentiate directly into bone tissue

1. growth of the epiphyseal plate will produce bone lengthening

1. all epiphyseal plates will disappear before birth

1. develops via intramembranous ossification

1. develops via endochondral ossification

1. is the last bone of the body to begin ossification

1. is fully ossified at the time of birth

1. diarthrosis

1. multiaxial

1. amphiarthrosis

1. synarthrosis

1. the pubic symphysis

1. the manubriosternal joint

1. an invertebral disc

1. the shoulder joint

1. the metacarpophalangeal joint

1. the hip joint

1. the elbow joint

1. the pubic symphysis

1. may be functionally classified as a synarthrosis

1. are joints where the bones are connected to each other by hyaline cartilage

1. may be functionally classified as an amphiarthrosis

1. are joints where the bones articulate with each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity

1. syndesmosis

1. symphysis

1. suture

1. gomphosis

1. the interosseous membrane of the forearm

1. a gomphosis

1. a suture joint

1. a synostosis

1. is formed by an interosseous membrane

1. connects the tibia and fibula bones of the leg

1. contains a joint cavity

1. anchors a tooth to the jaw

1. a narrow fibrous joint

1. the type of joint that unites bones of the skull

1. a fibrous joint that unites parallel bones

1. the type of joint that anchors the teeth in the jaws

1. has a joint cavity

1. is called a symphysis when the bones are united by fibrocartilage

1. anchors the teeth to the jaws

1. is formed by a wide sheet of fibrous connective tissue

1. found at the pubic symphysis

1. where bones are connected together with fibrocartilage

1. a type of fibrous joint

1. found at the first sternocostal joint of the thoracic cage

1. adjacent vertebrae

1. the first rib and the sternum

1. the end and shaft of a long bone

1. the radius and ulna bones

1. synchondrosis

1. synostosis

1. symphysis

1. syndesmosis

1. ball-and-socket

hinge

condyloid

plane

saddle joint

hinge joint

condyloid joint

ball-and-socket joint

1. a synostosis

1. a suture

1. a plane joint

1. a synchondrosis

1. surrounds a tendon at the point where the tendon crosses a joint

1. secretes the lubricating fluid for a synovial joint

1. prevents friction between skin and bone, or a muscle tendon and bone

1. is the strong band of connective tissue that holds bones together at a synovial joint

1. the articulating ends of the bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue

1. the ends of the bones are enclosed within a space called a subcutaneous bursa

1. intrinsic ligaments are located entirely inside of the articular capsule

1. the joint cavity is filled with a thick, lubricating fluid

1. forms the fibrous connective walls of the joint cavity

1. is the layer of cartilage that covers the articulating surfaces of the bones

1. forms the intracapsular ligaments

1. secretes the lubricating synovial fluid

1. are a type of ball-and-socket joint

1. include the radiocarpal joint

1. are a uniaxial diarthrosis joint

1. are found at the proximal radioulnar joint

1. a fibrocartilage pad that provides padding between bones

1. a fluid-filled space that prevents friction between a muscle tendon and underlying bone

1. the articular cartilage that covers the ends of a bone at a synovial joint

1. the lubricating fluid within a synovial joint

lateral flexion

circumdiction

dorsiflexion

abduction

elevaiton

dorsiflexion

eversion

plantar flexion

rotation

elevation

abduction

circumduction

1. hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward position

1. foot so that the bottom of the foot faces the midline of the body

1. hand from the palm forward position to the palm backward position

1. scapula in an upward direction

elevation

eversion

abduction

lateral rotation

1. coracohumeral ligament

1. glenoid labrum

1. rotator cuff muscles

1. subacromial bursa

1. is supported by the annular ligament

1. contains an articular disc that strongly unites the bones

1. is supported by the ulnar collateral ligament

1. is a hinge joint that allows for flexion/extension of the forearm

1. The lateral meniscus is an intrinsic ligament located on the lateral side of the knee joint.

1. Hyperextension is resisted by the posterior cruciate ligament.

1. The anterior cruciate ligament supports the knee when it is flexed and weight bearing.

1. The medial meniscus is attached to the tibial collateral ligament.

1. is also called the subtalar joint

1. allows for gliding movements that produce inversion/eversion of the foot

1. is a uniaxial hinge joint

1. is supported by the tibial collateral ligament on the lateral side

1. cervical

thoracic

lumbar

sacral

1. gives rise to the bones of the limbs

1. produces the bones of the top and sides of the skull

1. produces the bones of the face and base of the skull

1. involves the conversion of a hyaline cartilage model into bone

1. are derived from fontanelles

1. are produced by intramembranous ossification

1. develop at an interzone site

1. are produced by endochondral ossification

1. the process that replaces hyaline cartilage with bone tissue

1. the process by which mesenchyme differentiates directly into bone tissue

1. completed before birth

1. the process that gives rise to the joint interzone and future joint cavity