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WorksheetsKEMINO Review 2
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 34mins
What is the oxidation state of oxygen is H2O2
+2
-2
+1
-1
The oxidation state of G1 Metals is _____ and the oxidation state of G7 Halogens is _____
+1, +7
+1, -1
+2, +7
+2, -1
The oxidation state in Fe (s) is
-3
0
+3
+2
What is the oxidation state of Hydrogen in NaH
+1
0
-1
-2
What is the theoretical maximum number of O.S. that an element can have
1
3
6
9
What oxidizes and reduces in the following equation:
2Mg (s) + O2 (g) --> 2MgO (s)
Mg oxidizes
Mg reduces
O2 oxidizes
O2 reduces
order of steps in balancing redox eqn.
1 - add OH- to cancel out H+ IF it rxn is done in alkaline conditions
2 - H2O to balance out oxygen and H+ to balance out Hydrogen
3 - write unbalanced eqn as 2 half equations for red and ox
4 - in half equations, balance out all molecules except H and O
5 - balance electrons between half equations
6 - in half equations balance charges with electrons
7 - combine half equations and cancel out common species
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1,
1, 3, 2, 4, 6, 7, 5
3, 4, 2, 6, 5, 7, 1
2, 6, 4, 7, 5, 3, 1
Reaction where same element of different oxidation state reacts to form the same element in intermediate oxidation state
disproportionation
comproportionation
which electrochemical cell is spontaneous and produces electricity from chemical energy
downs cell
galvanic/voltaic
electrolytic
all
Side on the left of galvanic cell diagram, where oxidation occurs
anode
cathode
electrode
chemode
what does salt bridge supply
spectator ions
electrons
protons
circuit for electrons to pass through
What element undergoes reduction in the cell diagram shown below, and which is the anode
X (s) I X2+ (aq) II Y2+ (aq) I Y (s)
anode is to the left of the salt bridge II
Y undergoes reduction
X undergoes reduction
anode is right of the salt bridge II
anode is right of the salt bridge I
what is E cell / EMF / Cell potential?
number of electrons trasnferred per second in redox rxn
electrical potential difference between anode / cathode
amount of energy needed to do work
sum of electric potentials between anode and cathode
what is NOT the conditions of standard electrode potentials E ° cell ?
gasses at 1 atm
solution at 1M
25 deg. C
electron affinity between 0.5 and 1
voltmeter: red side goes to _____ black side goes to _____
cathode = e- sink
anode = e- source
Cathode, Anode
Anode, Cathode
Cathode for both
Anode for both
How to calculate E°Cell ?
anode - cathode
cathode - anode
anode + cathode
none
If element X has E° of +2.57, it is more likely to _____
reduce
oxidize
depends on temp.
unreactive
what is the best oxidant and best reductant
Fluorine, Lithium
Lithium, Fluorine
Both fluorine
Both Lithium
what is the electrode in S.H.E.
carbon
titanium
platinum
Iron
the E cell of a rxn is 3.14. The E cell of the reverse reaction with twice the coefficients would be
3.14
1.57
-3.14
-6.28
Which metals can react with an acid
metals with more negative E cell
metals with more positive E cell
group 1 metals only
transition metals only
which reaction would be spontaneous given gibbs free energy
-2
0
12
3
nernst equation
memorize it bithch
E°cell = E cell −nFRTlnQ
What defines a concentration cell
solutions are in different concentrations
same electrochemical solutions
E°cell is not 0
identical electrodes
batteries are composed of what type of electrochemical cells
galvanic
electrolytic
voltaic
battery that is in basic conditions, using a non-reversible redox reaction
primary (e.g. alkaline battery)
secondary (e.g. nickel cadmium)
lead acid storage
battery that is layered, using a reversible redox reaction
primary (e.g. alkaline battery)
secondary (e.g. nickel cadmium)
lead acid storage
battery that is layered lead grid, using a comproportionation reaction in H2SO4 electrolyte.
primary (e.g. alkaline battery)
secondary (e.g. nickel cadmium)
lead acid storage
what causes battery fires
reaction of G1 metals
deterioration of sealant
ignition of battery covering
reaction with non aqueous electrolytes
what is the anode in rusting (corrosion rxn)
Fe
Hydrogen ion
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
How is corrosion prevented ?
physical barrier
coating with more negative E ° substance
coating with more positive E ° substance
high temperatures
Electrolytic cells are using non spontaneous so
positive gibbs free energy
negative gibbs free energy
positive E cell
negative E cell
In electrolysis of NaCl what is formed in the anode
Cl- (aq)
Cl2 (g)
Na (s)
Na+ (aq)
What is formed in the cathode in the electrolysis of water
Hydrogen gas
Hydrogen ion
Oxygen gas
oxygen ion
where is the covering material located in electroplating setup
anode
cathode
electrochemical solution
salt bridge
what is inversely proportional to the amount of product in electrolysis
current
time
molar mass
moles of electron produced
moles of electron per susbtance
when do elements start to be radioactive
81
82
83
84
when do we use e vs β for electrons
e is when capture
b is when emitted
e is when products
b is when reactant
what is the opposite of an electron with mass 0 but charge +1
positron
proton
alpha particle
neutron
reactions involving only electrons, only concerned with making and breaking bond, with lower energy change whose rate is affected by temp, pressure, concentration
nuclear
chemical
What should be conserved when balancing nuclear reactions
mass (protons and neutrons)
charge
nucleus of parent cell
sigma and pi bonds
2, 8, 20, 50, 82, 126 are....
magic numbers for nuclear stability
atomic number of radioactive elements
critical mass of uranium in kg
proton to neutron ratio of stable nuceli
when does beta decay occur
higher n/p ratio than belt of stability
lower n/p ratio than belt of stability
when there are too many electrons
none
what is the belt of stability?
steeper than n/p = 1
where nuclei are stable in an axis of protons (x) and neutrons (y)
nuclei becomes unstable when located here
where nuclei are stable in an axis of protons (y) and neutrons (x)
which is more stable
even numbers of protons and neutrons
odd numbers of protons and neutrons
what is NBE
energy to breakdown nucleus
energy in forming a nucleus
energy released from radioactive decay
energy between 2 bonding nuceli
Why do old stars contain lots of iron
Iron forms last and is most stable nucleus. iron is formed from nuclear fusion
iron buildup decreases the stability of the stars core
iron stabilizes the core overtime
iron is forms last from heavy element nuclear fision
order of radioactive decay
0th
1st
2nd
3rd
what concepts does carbon dating (C-14) incorporate
rate law
changing levels of C-14 in living plants
C-14 increases when plant dies
half life
Which mass indicates when nuclei spontaneously decay
less than 100
more than 100
less than 200
more than 200
aka the mass where nuclear fission becomes self sustaining
sustaining mass
chain mass
critical mass
fissionable mass
what is TNT for in nuclear bomb
join sub critical mass of nuclear reactive material
to ignite the nuclear reactive material
help the nuclear reaction reach activation energy
provides neutron for nuclear fission to occur
what do control rods do?
absorb neutrons to stop self sustaining chain reactions
self sustaining when fully inserted
self sustaining when fully withdrawn
control the amount of radioisotopes in fuel rods
what is the purpose of coolants (i.e. H3BO3)
cool the plant to prevent overheating
increase rate of nuclear reaction
releases neutrons
absorbs neutrons
what is the uranium fuel source of nuclear power plants
uranium (IV) oxide
Uranium (II) oxide
plain uranium
all
T/F: radioisotopes are used in nuclear plants based on their half life
True
False
uses of radioisotopes:
Power
Medicine
Data storage
radio signals
is the conversion of one element / isotope to another
nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
nuclear transmutation
nuclear transformation
notation for nuclear reactions
parent nucleus (EP R: EP P) daughter nucleus
daughter nucleus (EP R: EP P) parent nucleus
parent nucleus (EP P: EP R) daughter nucleus
daughter nucleus (EP P: EP R) parent nucleus
What is OILRIG
Oxidation is gain
Oxidation is loss
Reduction is gain
Reduction is loss
