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coastlines revision

Total questions: 99

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What are the benefits of a seaway? (choose 2)

a)

Safe passage for boats

b)

Flood mitigation

c)

Great sand banks

d)

Nice place to snorkel

2.

What is a feature of a constructive wave?

a)

High wave frequency

b)

Weak backwash

c)

Strong backwash

d)

High wave height

3.

This wave is an example of

a)

Refraction

b)

Diffraction

c)

Reflection

4.

The image is of a _______ wave?

a)

Surging

b)

Plunging

c)

Spilling

d)

Cresting

5.

Permanent rips exist

a)

over a sand bar

b)

Between 2 sand bars

c)

parallel to the beach

d)

Next to or under solid objects

6.

What is a feature of a constructive wave?

a)

High wave frequency

b)

Weak backwash

c)

Strong backwash

d)

High wave height

7.

Permanent rips exist

a)

over a sand bar

b)

Between 2 sand bars

c)

parallel to the beach

d)

Next to or under solid objects

8.

This wave is an example of

a)

Refraction

b)

Diffraction

c)

Reflection

9.

What is a feature of a constructive wave?

a)

High wave frequency

b)

Weak backwash

c)

Strong backwash

d)

High wave height

10.

Permanent rips exist

a)

over a sand bar

b)

Between 2 sand bars

c)

parallel to the beach

d)

Next to or under solid objects

11.

What problems does a seaway create

a)

great surfing

b)

stops longshore drift

c)

people don't like it

d)

gets in the way of boats

12.

A seawall is used

a)

to increase sand on the beach

b)

last line of defence

c)

increase longshore drift

d)

to increase the usable area available to the public

13.

Identify the coastal defense feature.

a)

Sea wall

b)

groyne

c)

breakwater

d)

barrages

14.

Identify the coastal defense feature.

a)

sea wall

b)

revetment

c)

gabion

d)

groyne

15.

What is a disadvantage of groynes?

a)

They stop the process of longshore drift and so they stop sediment from reaching beaches further down the coast.

b)

They don't last very long

c)

They involve the loss of land

16.

What is the dumping of new sand onto an eroded beach to restore it?

a)

barrier island

b)

beach nourishment

c)

dredging

d)

jetty

17.

What is the main disadvantage of a sea wall?

a)

Aesthetically displeasing

b)

Encourages tourism, and thus litter

c)

Creates strong backwash, causing erosion beneath the wall

d)

Expensive

18.

If the photo is facing south, which direction is longshore drift working in?

a)

west to east

b)

east to west

c)

south to north

d)

north to south

19.
What is an advantage of beach nourishment?
a)
It blends in with the natural beach
b)
It is simple to maintain
c)
It can be used for fishing
20.

Identify the 2 methods of coastal management in the image

a)

rip rap

b)

groynes

c)

beach nourishment

d)

sea wall

21.

The main management strategy seen in this picture is a ...

a)

Marina

b)

Coral reef

c)

Groyne

d)

Sea wall

22.

This is an example of what type of management strategy?

(a)  

23.

Permanent rips exist

a)

over a sand bar

b)

Between 2 sand bars

c)

parallel to the beach

d)

Next to or under solid objects

24.

Groynes are an effective technique because they slow down the process of what occurring?

a)

Transportation

b)

Longshore drift

c)

Nearshore drift

d)

Deposition

25.

How do groynes work to protect the coastline?

a)

They trap sediment by slowing down longshore drift, thereby building up a wide beach

b)

They absorb wave energy so that the cliffs behind are protected

c)

They act as a hard rock barrier at foot of cliff to provide a buffer again the sea

d)

They allow rapid longshore drift along the coastline

26.

What is the main disadvantage of using groynes?

a)

They can starve other beaches of sediment

b)

Look ugly and unnatural

c)

Expensive

27.

What is the primary purpose of creating an artificial reef at narrowneck?

a)

To provide a habitat for coral reefs

b)

To attract tourists for snorkeling and diving

c)

To enhance marine biodiversity and fish populations

d)

To prevent erosion along coastlines

28.

What materials were used to construct the artificial reef at narrowneck?

a)

a) Geotextile bags filled with sand

b)

b) Concrete structures

c)

c) Metal barrels

d)

d) All of the above

29.

The secondary benefits of the artifical reef at Narrowneck are

a)
Increase in tourism
b)

Improvement in surfing conditions increased biodiversity

c)
Reduction in beach erosion
d)
Enhancement of marine biodiversity
30.

Where have permanent dredging solutions been set up on the Gold Coast?

a)

Tweed heads and the Spit

b)

Surfers Paradise and Currumbin

c)

Narrowneck Reef and Palm beach Reef

d)

Tallebudgera Creek and Currumbin Creek

31.

Where does sand go during a storm

a)

Large waves push the sand to the north end of the beach

b)

Sand is pushed up into the sand dunes increasing size of the hill

c)

The sand is taken offshore and creates a storm bar.

d)

It doesn't go anywhere

32.

How does sand get onto the beach?

a)

Sand gets onto the beach through a process called accretion

b)

Sand gets onto the beach through a process called secretion

c)

Fish droppings go hard and become sand

d)

Wind blows sand from the dunes onto the beach

33.

What solutions have been used on the Gold Coast so far to reduce erosion

a)

Sand Pumping Jetty

b)

Rock groynes

c)

Rock wall

d)

Dredging

e)

All of the above

34.

Where is the sand pumping jetty located?

a)

Charis Seafood, near where you feed the Pelicans

b)

The Spit Beach

c)

North Stradbroke Island

d)

Sundale Bridge

35.

What happens where rock groynes are located.

a)

2.8m Flatties frequently caught near these.

b)

Sand builds up on one side but erodes on the other.

c)

Great White Shark breeding grounds

d)

This is the area where erosion has the greatest impact.

36.

What purpose does a rock wall serve on Gold Coast beaches?

a)

Prevents sand being washed into carparks during large storms.

b)

It's the last line of defense against erosion

c)

Creates habitat for Soldier Crabs

d)

Gives people easy access to the beach

37.

What is the purpose of dredging?

a)

Prevents shores breaks which can be dangerous for surfers

b)

Promotes tourism opportunities by creating dive sites

c)

Sand is removed from ocean floor and sold to landscaping companies

d)

Sand is taken from an area of high concentration and placed in an area of need

e)

All of the above

38.

A high energy environment causes __________ to occur?

a)

Erosion

b)

Deposition

c)

Gravity

d)

Sand Dunes

39.

When backwash is stronger than swash, what occurs?

a)

Erosion

b)

Depositon

c)

Sand Dunes

d)

Urban Development

40.

What is Hydraulic action?

a)

The weight and impact of water against the coastline which cause cracks/caves to form.

b)

The way a coastal feature transitions into a new feature

c)

The time it takes for erosion to occur

d)

The way a wave moves up the beach and interacts with the coastline.

41.

What wave type is associated with Erosion?

a)

Constructive Waves

b)

Destructive Waves

c)

Radio Waves

d)

Polar Waves

42.

What wave type is associated with Deposition?

a)

Constructive Waves

b)

Destructive Waves

c)

Radio Waves

d)

Polar Waves

43.

What pattern does Long Shore Drift create?

a)

Zig-Zag

b)

Ripple

c)

Circular

d)

Straight Lines

44.

What is key in the creation of sand dunes? (Select 2)

a)

Onshore Winds to transport sand up the beach

b)

Constructive waves

c)

Off-Shore Winds to transport sand up the beach

d)

High Energy wave environment

45.

What is contributes to the Long Shore Drift Current? (select 2)

a)

Ocean Currents

b)

Wind Direction

c)

Accretion

d)

Sand Dunes

46.

What Erosional Features are Present in this image? (Select 3)

a)

Stack

b)

Stump

c)

Cliff

d)

Arch

e)

Cave

47.

This is an example of what coastal process...

a)

Deposition

b)

Erosion

c)

A Volcano

d)

Tectonic Plates

48.

These coastal features are all a result of...

a)

Deposition

b)

Erosion

c)

Haiku

d)

World War I

49.

These coastal features are all a result of...

a)

Deposition

b)

Erosion

c)

William Shakespere

d)

Nuclear Warfare

50.
Columns of rock that were connected to the mainland
a)
sea caves
b)
sea stacks
c)
sea arches
d)
sea cliffs
51.
What forms when waves undercut the rock to produce steep slopes?
a)
sea caves
b)
sea stacks
c)
sea arches
d)
sea cliffs
52.
big holes in the rock at the bottom of sea cliffs
a)
sea caves
b)
sea stacks
c)
sea arches
d)
sea cliffs
53.
form when waves cut through the sea cave
a)
sea caves
b)
sea stacks
c)
sea arches
d)
sea cliffs
54.

Constructive waves have a

a)

Strong swash and weak backwash

b)

Weak swash and strong backash

c)

Strong swash and strong backwash

d)

Weak swash and weak backwash

55.

Destructive waves have

a)

Weak swash and strong backwash

b)

Strong swash and weak backwash

c)

Weak swash weak backwash

d)

Strong swash and strong backwash

56.

Micro ridge is

a)

a small amount of sand left behind from a destructive wave

b)

the small amount of sand left behind after a constructive wave washes up the beach

c)

a small rise in the sand dune

d)

multiple ridges running along the beach

57.

What is a sand budget

a)

The way we use sand

b)

The amount of money spent on keeping sand on our beaches

c)

A tool used to analyze and describe the different sand inputs and outputs

d)

A way to describe sand banks and sand dunes

58.

Can a river be a source of sediment

a)

Only if the river consists of salt water

b)

No

c)

Yes

d)

only if the river comes from the mountains

59.

The 12 apostles are an example of a

a)

Cliff

b)

Stack

c)

Arch

d)

Stump

60.

Is longshore drift a source of sand in a sand budget

a)

yes

b)

no

c)

only in the southern hemisphere

d)

only if there is a cliff that is eroding

61.

What are 2 natural inputs for the sand budget

a)

Fences

b)

sand pumping

c)

Longshore drift

d)

river

62.

Which of the following best describes longshore drift?

a)

The process of sediment being carried perpendicular to the shoreline by waves.

b)

The process of sediment being carried parallel to the shoreline by waves.

c)

The process of sediment being deposited by rivers along the coastline.

d)

The process of sediment being eroded from the beach by wind.

63.

Which direction does a rip current usually flow?

a)

To the rocks

b)

Away from the shore

c)

Parraellel to the shore

d)

Towards the shore

64.

What is the best way to escape a rip current if you get caught in one?

a)

Swim directly against the current towards the shore

b)

Dive underwater and swim beneath the current

c)

Swim parallel to the shore until you reach a sandbar then come in with the waves

d)

Float on your back until the current subsides

65.

Fixed rips occur

a)

Between 2 sandbars

b)

Under a jetty

c)

Next to a rock wall

d)

Over a sand bar

66.

Permanent rips exist

a)

over a sand bar

b)

Between 2 sand bars

c)

parallel to the beach

d)

Next to or under solid objects

67.

Flash rips occur

a)

Over a sand bar

b)

next to a jetty

c)

next to a rock wall

d)

between two sandbars

68.

Rips are more likely to occur

a)

During low tide

b)

During high tide

c)

next to permanent structures

d)

on windy days

69.

When waves bounce off a surface, it is called

a)

Diffraction

b)

Reflection

c)

Refraction

70.

When waves bend around a point, it is called

a)

Refraction

b)

Reflection

c)

Diffraction

71.

The spreading out of waves as they pass through a narrow opening is called

a)

Reflection

b)

Diffraction

c)

Reflection

72.

What is the main factor that causes waves to break as they approach the shore?

a)

An increase in water depth

b)

A decrease in water depth

c)

A change in wind direction

d)

The presence of underwater rocks

73.

When waves approach shallow waters, their speed decreases, causing the waves to:

a)

Increase in amplitude

b)

Decrease in amplitude

c)

Increase in frequency

d)

Break

74.

A point break is an example of

a)

Diffraction

b)

Reflection

c)

Refraction

75.

This wave is

a)

Spilling

b)

Plunging

c)

Surging

76.

This wave is

a)

Spilling

b)

Plunging

c)

Surging

77.

The process of wave breaking is primarily caused by:

a)

Refraction

b)

Diffraction

c)

Dispersion

d)

Friction between the wave and the seabed

78.

This wave is an example of

a)

Refraction

b)

Diffraction

c)

Reflection

79.

What happens to the wave's energy when it breaks near the shore?

a)

The energy is lost and disappears

b)

The energy is transferred to the sand, causing erosion

c)

The energy is converted into heat

d)

The energy is reflected back into the ocean

80.

This wave is an example of

a)

Refraction

b)

Reflection

c)

Diffraction

d)

rip tides

81.

Which of the following is the primary cause of ocean waves?

a)

Wind

b)

Tides

c)

Earthquakes

d)

Underwater currents

82.
circular motion of water molecules below the surface
a)
orbital wave
b)
transverse wave
c)
rogue waves
d)
tsunami
e)
longitudinal wave
83.

What is the most common type of wave in the ocean?

a)

Swell

b)

Tsunami

c)

Rogue wave

d)

Wind wave

84.

What is the crest of a wave?

a)

Highest point of a wave

b)

Lowest point of a wave

c)

The point where the wave breaks

d)

The point where the wave starts

85.

What is the trough of a wave?

a)

The highest point of the wave

b)

The lowest point of the wave

c)

The point where the wave breaks

d)

The point where the wave starts

86.

What is the wavelength of a wave?

a)

The distance between two adjacent crests or troughs

b)

The height of the wave from the trough to the crest

c)

The distance between the wave and the shore

d)

The distance a wave travels in a specific time period

87.

What is the period of a wave?

a)

The distance between two adjacent crests or troughs

b)

The height of the wave from the trough to the crest

c)

The time it takes for a complete wave cycle to pass a fixed point

d)

The time it takes for a wave to travel a certain distance

88.

Which of the following factors affects the size of ocean waves?

a)

Wind speed

b)

Water depth

c)

Duration of wind

d)

All of the above

89.

What is the fetch of a wave?

a)

The distance between two adjacent crests or troughs

b)

The height of the wave from the trough to the crest

c)

The distance a wave travels in a specific time period

d)

The distance over which the wind blows without interruption

90.

Which of the following wave types is primarily caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions?

a)

Swell

b)

Tsunami

c)

Rogue wave

d)

Wind wave

91.

How does water depth affect wave speed?

a)

Deeper water slows down waves

b)

Deeper water speeds up waves

c)

Water depth has no effect on wave speed

d)

Water depth only affects the height of the wave

92.

What happens to a wave as it approaches the shore?

a)

It slows down and increases in height

b)

It speeds up and decreases in height

c)

It maintains its speed and height

d)

It disappears completely

93.

Which part of a wave breaks first as it approaches the shore?

a)

The crest

b)

The trough

c)

The middle section

d)

The entire wave breaks simultaneously

94.

What is a rogue wave?

a)

A wave that travels faster than other waves

b)

A wave with a crest higher than surrounding waves

c)

A wave that moves in the opposite direction of other waves

d)

A wave that occurs during a lunar eclipse

95.

Which of the following factors contributes to the formation of a tsunami?

a)

a) Earthquakes

b)

b) Volcanic eruptions

c)

c) Underwater landslides

d)

d) All of the above

96.

Which type of wave is characterized by a gentle slope, with the crest rolling onto the shore?

a)

Plunging wave

b)

Surging wave

c)

Spilling wave

d)

None of the above

97.

What is the primary factor that determines the wave type (plunging, surging, or spilling)?

a)

Wind speed

b)

Wave height

c)

Water depth

d)

Slope

98.

Which type of wave is typically preferred by advanced surfers for riding?

a)

Spilling wave

b)

Surging wave

c)

Plunging wave

d)

None of the above

99.

This is an example of a _______ wave

a)

Surging

b)

Plunging

c)

Barreling

d)

Spilling

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