The first factor why The Great Britain was the first place for the industrial revolution was that Britain was a rich country with enough capital and …………………. resources to invest in new machines and factories

The second reason was that the country had many means of transportation that severed the manufactured goods and met the needs of the supply of the market

A greater demand on cotton cloth worldwide provided the British manufactures with opportunity to look for ways to increase production

The third factor was the change of agricultural practices following the agricultural revolution back in the ……………..

After the parliament passed the enclosure movement laws, landowners fenced off common lands. As a result, ……….. were forced to move to towns and form a strong labor forces in factories there.

Manufacturing cotton cloth required a …...….-step process, and such processes were held in rural houses during the 18^th century.

The first stage of production of cotton cloth depended on spinners that transformed soft cotton  into raw materials.

During the second stage, weavers would take the cotton thread and weave it into cloths on ………… .

The second stage is the method of cotton production   was known as the …………….. industry.

In 1764, James Jargreaves invented a machine known as the “……………………….”

Later in 1787, …………………… invented a water powered loom, a solution for boosting the weaver to catch up with the spinning of threads

-………………………… could, in the year 1782, improve the steam engines which had one of the improvement which was the engine drive machinery.

Steam engines could also weave and spin cotton, making the process time efficient which were powered by …………….. .

- During the 1789s, a man named …………………… invented a process that derived coke from coal and used it to burn away impurities in crude iron and instead, produce an iron of great quality.

The process that derived coke from coal and used it to burn away impurities in crude iron and instead, produce an iron of great quality was known as ………………… .

Cort’s invention paved the way to building new means of transportation such as the ………………...

An English man, ………………………………., built the very first steam locomotive which ran as a transport vehicle on the industrial rail lines in Britain.

In fact, Britain owned and supplied …………………. of the world‘s coal and manufactured goods.

Bourgeois was another name for the ……………….. class people; they included the town dwellers, merchants, and artists. Officials and lawyers.

Europe could succeed in maintain their own ruling methods and apply no changes to their current systems because of two forces, ………………………………… .

in France, King ………….. tried to take away the voting rights of the middle-class and suppress the press

Three revolutions that were driven by nationalism also occurred in Europe, namely in Belgium, Italy, and

Poland, with the same year ……….. .

The government of Louis Philip in France refused to give the middle call the right for voting, which

eventually led to a greater crisis

In December 1848, ……………. was elected as the forthcoming French leader.

In 1848, Germany had 38 states that were organized by the congress of Vienna and the two powerful were

………………………, these German states were known as German confederations.

The unification of Germany failed when ……………… refused to accept the crown from the assembly

The two reasons, which were the divisions among the nationalities and the conservatives‟ rule that was

re-established in Europe, were the main causes for the success of the 1848 revolutions

The ………………. growth, which accompanied the industrialization movement, kept Britain stable

during the period 1850s and 1860s.

During the Victorian age. Under the rule of Queen …………, contributed significantly to the prosperity

of the British nation.

The failure of the 1848 revolts in France paved the way towards to restoration of the monarchy.

Napoleon III took a further step of liberalizing his regime and giving more power to the ………. when

limited revolts started flowing on the surface.

After the French withdraw their forces from Rome, the ……… army could gain back control of Venetia

in the north.

Italy could annex Rome in 1880 and Rome was declared as Italy‟s capital city.

Under the leadership of Count ………………, Prussia won a series of European wars that united the

German states.

The …………Revolution .and ………… Revolution inspired Latin American to rebel against the Spanish,

Portuguese ,and French colonialists and gain independence between 1807 and 1825.

The first revolution started in Haiti which was considered as a French sugar colony.it was declared as the

first independent Latin American state in ……………. .

The first leader of the Mexican revolution was ……………., a priest who raised his voice in demand of

freedom.

The revolution started in ……………. and it gained its freedom by 1810.

Some creoles withdrew supporting ………….. and rejected the ending of slavery because they feared that

his policies may cost them their powers.

The Spanish gained back their power with the backup of the conservative …………….who soon

demanded liberal reforms in the colonies and an independent nation ruled by a monarch.

……………. was known as the liberator had succeeded in freeing Caracas, Venezuela ,Ecuador ,and

Bolivia.

San Martin surprised the ………….. in Chile and gained independence.

…………. received its independence from Portugal in 1822 and remained a monarchy until 1889, when

social and political turmoil led it to become a republic.

Bolivar worked hard to unite the entire South, and supporters made it possible

Latin Americans had no experience in self-rule, as most of its states began with republican governments –.(

-………………….opposed that trend of thought and believed that it is not by reason but by the power of human emotions, feelings, and imagination that by people survive.

Men who followed Romanticism grew long hair and beards. In fact, both genders wore ……. outfits to express their individuality

The style of the romantic artists that they used in designing their castle, parliamentary buildings, and even their railways too reflect the Middle ages is called the ……………….

Romantic artist expressed their arts in various unique ways which didn’t reflect their inner feelings rather than classical reasoning.123

-…………. is one of the most famous Spanish romantic artists who were known for his splendid creative mind.

-……………………….. is considered one of Francisoc Goya’s painting that portrayed the resistance of the Spanish to Napoleon’s armies.

One of the most famous composer in the first half of the 19^th century was …………………….. whose productions were within the classical category.

One of the most romantic period’s literature authors was …………………. who wrote many short horror stories.

Romantic poets believed that nature is the reflection of the ability or people to nurture and grow.

The ……………. revolution widen the interest of all the population in research and opened the gate to wide for new discoveries.

The Germ Theory, proposed by ……………….., was very important in setting foundation of modern scientific medical practices.

Dmitri Mendeleyev classified the elements by their atomic weight in ……………. . 

…………………….. put together a generator that was the basis of the electric current.

Romantics wanted to write about heroes, feelings, and magnificent settings.

……….. are more precise in their description and not emotional or deep and their writing was usually straight to the point with limited feelings.

Steel, electricity, communication and ……………. shifted Europe to a new era and became the base for another industrial revolution.

Steel replaced iron. The Bessemer process, patented for sir ………………, appeared as high quality cheap steel.

Great Britain, France, Germany and Belgium produced more than ……. million tons of steel.

The light bulb invented by the American Thomas Edison and the British ………………. lit all houses and all cities.

- In 1876, ……………………… invented the telephone.

In 1901, ………………… sent the first long distance radio transmission changing by that the way people perceived communication.

The use of petroleum as a new source of power in transportation led to the development of the internal-combustion engine

In 1903, the first flight was made by …………….. .

In ……, the first regular passenger air service was established.

…………… invented the assembly line, a manufacturing method that allowed much more efficient mas production of goods.

Europe was divided into two …………………. zones, Zone 1 and Zone 2.

People in ………… enjoyed a high standard of living and sufficient systems of transportation, these countries Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, the Northern, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the northern Italy.

Zone 2 was known as the ………………. Zone, its standard of living was lower than those of Zone 1.

The countries in this category were to the …………….. of Europe such as Spain, Portugal, Russia, the Balkan kingdom, Italy and most of Austria-Hungary.   

Australia and Argentina exported wool and beef to Europe. They imported ………. from Brazil, iron from Algeria and sugar from Java.

karl Marx, father of Marxism, and ………………., German philosopher, believed that the industrial capitalism had a negative influence in people’s life.

The ……………. are the middle class, including: merchants, industrialists, and professional people who are the oppressors.

the rise of ………………… did not allow enough time to set the necessary rules that would regulate such a move.

One of the important laws that the union worked on is the right to …………… .