A Pacific Northwest tribe. They traded dried salmon and had social gatherings called Potlatches

A southwest tribe that had autonomous tribes

A large tribe along the Mississippi River with a higher degree of political centralization and social stratification than many other North American tribes

The capital of the Mississippians

The first Spanish explorer to make contact with the Americas. He thought that he had discovered the “East Indies.”

Spanish explorer who led an expedition to the American southwest and attacked the Pueblo at the Battle of Acoma

Spanish explorer who led an expedition to Florida

Farming with corn, beans, and squash

Christian conquest of the southern half of Spain from the remaining Muslims. It’s ending freed up funds for Spain to send Columbus across the sea.

Early Spanish economic/labor system that allowed Spanish settlers to enslave Native Americans

reformed Spanish labor system that was supposed to pay the Native Americans for their labor but often became a form of debt slavery

Social class system in the Spanish colonies that was based on race

The primary economic activity of the Caribbean islands

The primary economic activity of the Virginia Colony

The primary economic activity of the Carolina Colony

Spanish priest who criticized and fought against inhumane treatment of Native Americans

Powerful civilization in Central Mexico that ruled the area through a tribute empire before the Spanish came

A powerful empire along South America’s Andes Mountains before the Spanish arrived

The publication and exaggeration of Spanish atrocities by protest powers to justify their own conquests

The route from Europe to Asia by going north and west over North America. Many European explorers sailed the coasts of Canada and New England looking for it

A term for the middle part of a slave’s voyage across the Atlantic. Millions did not survive the brutal conditions on the slave ships.

Explorer hired by the Dutch to find the Northwest passage. His exploration led to Dutch settlement in New Netherlands

The first successful English colony. After many struggles at first, it grew into Virginia thanks to tobacco agriculture

A group of about 30 tribes that lived around the Virginia colony

An English religious group that wanted to reform the Anglican Church (Church of England). They migrated to North America and founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

An English religious group that wanted to break from the Anglican Church. Sailed across the Atlantic in the Mayflower and ended up founding Plymouth colony in Massachusetts.

Mercantilism-inspired laws that Britain put on its North American colonies that tried to force them to only use English ships to trade and forced some goods, such as rice, tobacco, sugar, and indigo could only be shipped to English territory

Created by Charles II to counter New France and to try to enforce the Navigation Laws on New England. It failed.

The proprietor and founder of Pennsylvania. He was a Quaker that created a more diverse and tolerant colony.

The Virginia colony eventually beat the Powhatan tribes and forced them to relocate to the west

The Massachusetts and Connecticut colonies, with native allies, massacred the natives at Mystic and eventually almost wiped out the Pequot tribe

Multiple Native American tribes attacked half of the Puritan settlements in New England. After huge losses on both sides, the native threat largely ended in New England

Rebellion of freemen in Virginia against their governor for not protecting their interests better from the Native Americans and the Elite planters

Rebellion in Santa Fe, New Mexico against the Spanish imposition of Catholic Christianity. Resulted in Pueblo control of Santa Fe for 12 years. 

Some Pennsylvania colonists used deception to buy more land than the Lenape were wanting to sell

 American English colonists were able to purchase more British goods due to good credit and better transportation. This increased the colonists' sense of being “British.”

Slave labor system that used an overseer to work slaves from dawn until dusk

Slave labor system that gave slaves a set amount of tasks to complete in a day

An example of slave resistance. Slaves burned plantations and killed white settlers in an attempt to escape to Florida

A religious group that famously had many followers in Pennsylvania. They fought against slavery and allowed women to speak in church

The movement of 11-12 million Africans from Africa to the colonies in the Americas to serve as forced labor

Term for merchant activity in the Atlantic where every leg of the journey was profitable.

Term for the pervasiveness of newspapers and other printed documents in the colonies, especially in the North.

A religious revival in the British colonies from 173-1760 that emphasized a personal relationship with God and emotion

A European intellectual movement that emphasized reason, natural rights, and challenged both religious and political powers of the day.

One of the most famous preachers during the Great Awakening

Conflict between France and Britain over who would control the Ohio River Valley. Eventually escalated to "World War 0."

How did the British victory in the 7 Years War impact Native Americans?

This Native American chief attacked British Forts in the North just after the 7 Years War, such as Detroit, to prevent further settlements around the Great Lakes.